Where did the term "penitentiary come from?
What was the main function of a jail in early English history
Know the Auburn system and Pennsylvania System of Penitentiaries and the main differences between them and which system became dominant.
What is the name of the penitentiary associated with the Pennsylvania System?
If a prison uses a "congregate" system. What does this mean?
Who was Zebulon Brockway. What did he do and what did he contribute to penology.
What were the Cincinnati Declaration of Principles? What did they advocate?
Know the common punishment methods used in Colonial America before the use of prisons.
When did the first privately operated prison open in America?
Know the evolution of the prison system in America beginning with the Reformatory era through the Crime Control Model. Know what each of these models basic goal is.
What is the significance of the Ruiz v. Estelle case?
What types of offenders are Federal prisons most likely to house as opposed to state prisons?
How many offenders are incarcerated in Texas and U.S. prisons today?
What is the prison leasing system and where was it more likely to be used?
Know the prison incarceration rate per 100,000 in the U.S. today.
Jails detain more of what type of inmate than any other (hint: convicted misdemeanants, pre-trial detainees, those being held for transport to prison?)
What are community based sanctions what type of programs are community based (e.g. probation).
Why did intermediate sanctions become so popular in the 1980's?
What does the term reintegration mean and what is the primary goal of reintegration?
How many adults are on probation in the U.S. today?
What does benefit of clergy mean?
What is the significance of the judicial reprieve used in 19th century England?
Who is John Augustus and what was his contribution to corrections?
Which city and state in the U.S. created the first formal probation officer position?
What year did Texas pass the first Probation and Parole law?
What is the the longest term a felony offender can be sentenced to?
Probation officer's roles changed in the 1980's to include and emphasis on what objective?
What is the Texas Deparmtment of Criminal Justice?
What does the term probation revocation mean?
Know what continuum of sanctions means and what is the most severe and final punishment in the continuum?
What are some examples of intermediate based sanctions?
Objectives of 1980's intensive supervision programs include what?
Are boot camps effective at reducing recidivism?
Know the premise of each of the different models of prisons (rehabilitation, retribution, and custodial)
What was the significance of the Court cases of Ruffin v. Commonwealth (1871), Gagnon v. Scarpelli , Wolf v. McDonnell and Morrisey v. Brewer?
What is the balancing test that courts use to determine if a prison has violated the Constitutional rights of an inmate?
What was the primary purpose of the Prison Reform Litigation Act of 1996?
What is parole?
What did Captain Alexander Maconochie contribute to the development of parole?
What prison first used parole in the U.S.?
What is a pardon?
What does mandatory release mean?
What are the chances a parolee will be re-arrested within 3 years of release from prison?
Know what civil rights are lost upon conviction of a felony in Texas.