CRIMINOLOGY 3310
STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM 2
- What were some of the explanations of crime prior to the 18th century?
- Know what the positive school was and the two major elements of the
school.
- What aspect of the human anatomy did nineteenth century biological
theories of criminality focus on?
- Who wrote "The English Convict" in 1913 and how did this book influence
Lombrosian theory of criminality? What human trait did the writer find
was associated with criminal behavior?
- What did Emile Durkheim have to say about the relationship between
crime and society?
- What is name of the hormone that can be found in humans that some scientists
believe explains violent and aggressive behavior in men?
- Know the different Somatypes as proposed by William Sheldon.
- Which major type of criminal theory proposes that people are born with
the same potential to commit crime and which says that everyone is born with
differing potentials to commit crime? (Biological, Sociological, Psychological,
etc.)
- How do modern biocriminologists view the relationship between the social environment and genetics regarding human behavior?
- According to genetic studies conducted on twins , what types of human
behavior or personality traits are transmitted through genes.
- When did the idea that one's intelligence was a factor in criminal
behavior become popular and why? What was the reason it became a non-factor
and who was chiefly responsible for that?
- Know the differences between the 3 components of human personality according
to Sigmund Freud.
- What are the major characteristics of a sociopath/psychopath?
- Know the basic premise of the 6 Stages of Moral Development and in
particular which ones criminals are most likely to be found in?
- What does the term sociobiology mean?
- What does the term eugenics mean?
- What is serotonin and what do scientists think its relation to aggressiveness
in males is.
- What American School contributed the most to the growth of sociology
in the early 19th century?
- What are the elements of the Classical School of Criminology?
- What major contribution did Adolph Quetelet and Andre Michael Guerry
make to the study of crime?
- What are the three scarce resources mentioned in class (also found on your outline) that are often
unavailable to members of the lower socio-economic classes?
- What would society have to do, according to the social structure theorists,
in order to reduce the crime rate directly impacted by membership in a lower
socio-economic class?
- What is the basic premise underlying the subcultural theories of crime?
- Know who Shaw and McKay were and what was there theory about crime.
According to them, what factor is the most important determinate in criminal
behavior? E.G. Is it some biological trait or is it the community in
which they live or what?
- What are concentric zones and in which zone would one find the most
criminal behavior?
- Know what social disorganization theory is.
- Know Robert Merton's five modes of adaptation
- Know the basic premise of strain theory.
- What are Middle Class Measuring Rods according to Albert Cohen?
- Know the three different types of subcultures according to Differential
Opportunity Theory.
- Know the basic premise of Institutional Anomie theory.
- Know the three major events that took place in American history that
had a significant impact on crime in the large cities in the post civil war
era.