CHAPTER 9
INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE
AMERICAN COURT STRUCTURE
TEXAS
Misdemeanor
Constitutional County Courts
County Courts at Law
Justice of the Peace
Municipal Courts
Felony
District Courts
Criminal District Courts
Juvenile
Appellate Courts
Court of Appeals
Court of Criminal Appeals
FEDERAL
District Courts
Jurisdiction
Circuit Courts of Appeals
Jurisdiction
Characteristics
Supreme Court
Jurisdiction
Selection of Cases
Rule of Four
Writ of Certiorari
JUDGES
Functions
Selection of Judges
FROM ARREST TO TRIAL OR PLEA
Booking
Magistrate
Indictment
Grand jury
Information
Preliminary Hearing
Arraignment
PRE-TRIAL RELEASE (BAIL)
American History
Development of Commericial Bail Bonds
Purpose of Bail: Stack v. Boyle (1952)
Louis Schweitzer (1960): Manhattan Project conducted by the Vera Institute of Justice
Federal Bail Reform act of 1966
Presumption in favor of pre-trial release
Federal Bail Reform Act of 1984
Allowed for pre-trial detention of violent offenders and those at risk of fleeing
Preventive Detention
Schall v. Martin (1984)
United States v. Salerno (1987)
TYPES OF PRE-TRIAL RELEASE
Pre-booking Release:
Summons:
Citation:
Post booking Release (Non-financial)
Recognizance Release:
Conditional Release
Supervised Release:
Third Party Custody:
Work Release:
Financial
Unsecured bail:
Privately Secured Bail:
Property Bail:
Deposit Bail:
Surety Bail: