A. England
Early jails:
1557 Bridewell Prison:
1777: John Howard
CHAPTER 13
CORRECTIONS
INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE
I. DEVELOPMENT OF PRISONS
A. England
Early jails:
1557 Bridewell Prison:
1777: John Howard
B. America: (Table 12.1)
Newgate of Connecticut--1773
Quaker Reformers
Reforms:
C. PENITENTIARY ERA (1790's-1860's)
Pennsylvania System:
Walnut Street Jail (1790)
Eastern Penitentiary (1829
Auburn System
Auburn Prison, New York (1819)
Auburn System prevailed
D. REFORMATORY ERA: (1870's-1890's)
Conditions of Prisons
Congregate system
Overcrowding
No rehabilitation
No discipline
Prison Industry
Cincinnati Declaration of Principles (1870)
Elmira NY reformatory for juveniles Warden: Zebulon Brockway: (1876)
Women's Prisons
Elizabeth Fry: English Quaker, 1800's
E. PROGRESSIVE ERA (1890'S- 1930'S)
F. MEDICAL MODEL (1930-1960's)
Rehabilitation model of corrections:
G. COMMUNITY MODEL (1960's-1970's)
Prisoners revolts and lawsuits (Estelle v. Ruiz, 1972)
H. CRIME CONTROL MODEL (1980-Present)
"Lock'em up and throw away the key"
Primary purpose of criminal justice is punishment
II. ORGANIZATION OF CORRECTIONS IN THE U.S.
A. Federal System
Federal Bureau of Prisons (1930)
Department of Justice
Federal Prison Characteristics
Federal Probation and Parole: (1927)
B. State systems:
Community Corrections
State Prison Systems:
Characteristics
C. Private Prisons:
First privately operated prison
First privately owned and operated
Today:
Corrections Corp. of America
Wackenhut Corp.
Advantages:
Texas Department of Criminal Justice (Institutional Division)
Incarceration Rates:
III. JAILS
A. Purpose:
pre-trial detainees
convicted offenders awaiting transport
house convicted misdemeanors
probation and parole revocation
house state and federal prisoners due to overcrowding
social misfits:
custodial only:
B. Population
C. Administration: