gaioz
mamalaZe
erovnuli ideologiis sakiTxebi
saxalxo
monarqiisaTvis
wigni I
vuZRvni
Cemi tkbili
mSoblebis,
nona kobaxiZis
da
mamia mamalaZis
naTel
xsovnas
sarCevi
1. bagrationi
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2. miSa, miSa ki ara, mefe, mefe
----------------------------------------------------------
3. saxalxo monarqiisaTvis
----------------------------------------------------------------
4. integraluri nacionalizmi da aristokratiulobis
Teoria --
5. mefisaTvis saWiroa msaxureuli elita
--------------------------------------
6. vin unda gaxdes saqarTvelos mefe
----------------------------------------------
7. vin SeiZleba gaxdes saqarTvelos dedofali
----------------------------
8. mefe-mRvdeli
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. saprezidento instituti anawevrebs, monarqia
aerTianebs --------
10. vis
daunaTesavdnen da daumoyvrdnen bagrationebi --------------------
11.
bagrationTa romeli Stodan da ra gvarisa unda iyos
saqarTvelos momavali mefe
------------------------------------------------------------
redaqtorisagan
msoflio
apokalifsur sibinZureSi iZireba. apokalifsuri wiTeli mxeci xarbad nTqavs msoflios xalxTa
erovnul TviTmyofadobas da ideologiebs. civilizaciebi katastrofisken mieqanebian... swored
am duxWir Jams, aqtualurad dgas sakiTxi, ra unda viRonoT, raTa Cveni samSoblo _ iberia da
eri sazepuro _ qarTveli, ara mxolod gadaurCnen antiqristes mZvinvarebas, aramed,
winaswarmetyvelebis Tanaxmad, gabrwyindnen kidec.
swored am SeWirvebis dros, eZiebda ra gzas
xsnisas, gzas erovnuli Tanxmobisas, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebisa da
saxelmwifoebrivi aRmSeneblobisas, gaioz (gia) mamalaZem, mniSvnelovani ganacxadi gaakeTa
qarTuli nacionalisturi ideologiis saxiT, romlis Semadgenel nawilad igi warmogvidgens
koncefcias, romelic Cvens samSobloSi RvTivkurTxeuli mefis institutis aRdgenaze gadis...
Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi,
miuxedavad monarqistuli saxelwodebebis matarebeli organizaciebis simravlisa, monarqizmis _
rogorc ideis propagandis done mniSvnelovnad moikoWlebs, radgan TiTqmis araferi gakeTebula
saxelmwifo wyobis am formis upiratesobaSi sazogadoebis dasarwmuneblad. miuxedavad amisa,
erSi arsebobs sakmaod didi simpaTia mefis institutis mimarT, rameTu es instituti
qvecnobierad aRiqmeba erovnuli saxelmwifos safuZvlad. amitom, monarqistul ideologiasTan
erTad aucilebelia mamuliSvilTa iseTi gaerTianebis arseboba, romelic axlo momavalSi
itvirTebs
konstituciuri
monarqiis institutis dakvidrebis aucileblobis dasabuTebis, TiToeuli moqalaqis darwmunebis,
did misias.
batoni gaioz mamalaZis iniciativiT, didi
Sromis Sedegad Seiqmna `saqarTvelos sasuliero da saero moRvaweTa samefeT-mefo klubi�,
romelic aerTianebs monarqizmis ideis mxardamWerebs, miuxedavad partiuli, erovnuli Tu
sarwmunoebrivi kuTvnilebisa. �samefeT-mefo klubSi� sazogadoebis TvalsaCino
warmomadgenlebTan erTad Tavmoyrili arian am ideis mxardamWeri rigiTi qarTvelebic. �samefeT-mefo
klubis� saqmianoba daloces da akurTxes qarTuli eklesiis ierarqebma, aseve Tavad sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m.
miuxedavad klubis wevrTa msoflmxedvelobrivi
sxvaobisa, maT Soris saocari erTsulovnebaa Tavad ideis garSemo, romelic bunebrivad
aerTianebs maT. amitom, �samefeT-mefo klubis� wevrebi zrunaven, raTa maTi Tanxmobis es
meqanizmi, romelsac safuZvlad mefis institutis aRdgena udevs, mTels saqarTveloSi
gavrceldes da, amgvarad, SeakavSiros Wrel politikur speqtrsa da maTi intrigebis
labirinTebSi urTierTdapirispirebuli mosaxleoba.
axla oriode sityva imaze, Tu riT aris
originaluri gaioz mamalaZis mier SemoTavazebuli koncefcia. batonma giam am koncefciis
Seqmnamde didi gza ganvlo. igi erovnuli moZraobis aqtiuri wevria. iyo studenturi moZraobis
erT-erTi lideri. misi iniciativiT Seiqmna `iberiul-kavkasiuri moZraoba _ erovnuli fronti�,
gia miiwvies pirveli nacionalisturi organizaciis _ `qarTvel nacionalistTa erTobis�
Tavmjdomared. es organizacia da misi ideologia aris TvalsaCino magaliTi imisa, rom swored
WeSmariti nacionalizmi aris xalxebs Soris megobrobis, urTierTpativiscemisa da demokratiuli
idealebis dacvis safuZveli.
gia mamalaZem Seqmna ideologia amis
Sesaxeb, es arc aris gasakviri, radgan gia aris erovnuli moZraobis patriarqis _ zviad
gamsaxurdias mowafed da am sakiTxebze, am ideologiaze muSaobis davaleba Tavad misgan
miiRo, rodesac groznoSi stumrobda.
gaioz mamalaZis `qarTuli nacionalisturi
moZraoba _ safuZvlebi, principebi, miznebi da amocanebi� iyo pirveli naSromi am
mimarTulebiT. mis mier SemuSavebul ideologias
safuZvlad daedo naSromebi: `aRmsarebloba da qarTuli nacionalizmi�: `saqarTvelo kvlav
unda iqces kavkasiis mzed�: `dekadansi�; `sruliad saqarTvelo� `qarTuli nacionalizmis
horizontaluri da vertikaluri postulatebi� da sxva (samwuxarod es Sromebi, jerjerobiT,
calke wignad ar aris gamocemuli). yvelaze simboluri ki, albaT, aris is, rom gia mamalaZis
xedviT, nacionalisturi ideologiis gvirgvinad, mis bunebriv, logikur ganviTarebad
warmoCinda `saxalxo monarqiis� Sesaxeb misive damoukidebeli naSromi.
simboluria, radgan saqarTvelos respublikis
prezidenti zviad gamsaxurdia ocnebobda saqarTveloSi am wyobis Seqmnaze da sabolood,
qarTuli erovnuli saxelmwifo amgvarad esaxeboda.
roca saubaria monarqiis aRdgenaze, unda
iTqvas, rom Zvel saqarTveloSi es instituti Tavisi arsiT iyo absoluturi monarqia, imis
miuxedavad, rom yovelTvis Seicavda demokratiis uprecedento elementebs. dResdReobiT,
saqarTveloSi ki ar unda aRsdeges, aramed Tavidan Seiqmnas `konstituciuri monarqiis�
instituti, romelic gaiTvaliswinebs im realiebs, romelTa winaSec Tanamedrove msoflios
demokratiuli sazogadoeba dgas. monarqistuli wyobis damkvidreba saqarTveloSi gaamTlianebs
im istoriul jaWvs, romelic ruseTis imperiis mizeziT 1801
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es aris erTaderTi vrceli
naSromi, sadac ganmartebulia, rom monaqiuli wyoba misaRebia YTiToeuli qarTvelisaTvis, rom
igi ki ar daSlis qarTvelobas fenebad, aramed gaaerTianebs.
gia mamalaZis es naSromi sainteresoa yoveli
patriotisaTvis, vinc bednier saqarTveloze, qarTveli eris erTianobaze ocnebobs. mkiTxvelis
winaSe iSleba axali, jerjerobiT, Tvalisa da yurisaTvis SeuCveveli momavali saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebrivi wyobis axali xedebi, romelic, sulac ar iqneba efemeruli, Tu `xma RvTisa
da xma erisa� erT hangze iJRerebs.
zaza
daviTaia
avtori
sixaruliT miiRebs argumentirebul SeniSvnebs da saqmian winadadebebs.
T.
51-50-72
[email protected]
Mob.
8 77 762 444
qarTlosian, farnavazian, mirianian,
gorgaslian, gvaramian _ bagrationi
iesean, daviTian, solomonian,
solomonian, _
aRmosavleTSi mxecis sruli
damarcxebis Semdeg, iberiidan warmoimarTeba xelmwife da mefe, romelic marTavs morwmuneebs,
uflis WeSmariti gziT atarebs maT da, amave dros, CaSlis mtrebis mzakvrobebsa da
mravalricxovan xafangebs. |
kirile
lavriotisi
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb religiur literaturaSi da gadmocemebSi mravali
sagulisxmo da saimedo sweria. da ara marto qarTulSi da ara mxolod marTlmadideblurSi.
dRevandelobiT gawamebuli qarTvelebi profetuli optimizmiT veliT
saqarTvelos gabrwyinebas. Ggveimedeba, rom Cveni qveyana RvTismSoblis wilxvedria da ufalma
amcno yovladwmidas: `hoi dedao Cemo, ara ugulebel
vyo eri igi sazepuro ufrois yovelTa naTesavTa, meoxebiTa SeniTa maTTvis~.
saqarTvelo ioane-zosimes `qebai da didebai qarTulisa enisai~-s
mixedviT aris qristes usayvarlesi megobari lazare-ioane, romelmac Tavisi sikvdiliT swama
uflisaTvis, xolo qarTuli ena aris RvTis ena, romliTac RmerTi amxels-gansjis kacobriobas: `damarxul
ars enai qarTuli dRedmde meored mosvlisa misisa sawamebelad, raiTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman
amxilos amiT eniTa. da ese enai mZinare ars dResamomde, da saxarebasa Sina amas enasa
lazare hrqvian. da axalman nino moaqcia da helene dedofalman, ese arian orni dani, viTarc
mariam da marTai. da megobrobai amisTvis Tqua, viTarmed yoveli saidumloi amas enasa Sina
damarxul ars, da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTvis Tqua daviT winawarmetyvelman, rameTu: weli
aTasi viTarca erTi dRei. da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa xolo maTeissa wili zis, romel
asoi ars da ityvis yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa. da ese ars oTxi dRei da oTxisa dRisa
mkudari, amisTvis mis Tanave dafluli sikudiliTa naTlisRebiTa misisaiTa.
da ese enai, Semkuli da kurTxeuli
saxeliTa uflisaiTa, mdabali da dawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meored mosvlasa uflisasa. da
saswaulad ese aqus: oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli umeteis sxuaTa enaTa qristeis mosvliTgan
vidre dResamomde.
da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars, mowamed warmogiTxar, asi ese wili
anbanisai.~
gadmocemis mixedviT bagrationebi arian mefsalmune daviT mefis
STamomavlebi, romlis Camomavlis _ iosebis ojaxSi iSua macxovari: `daviT winaiswarmetyuelisa da uflisa mier
cxebulisa Svilad wodebulo xelmwifeo! mefobai da saTnoebanic misni dagimkvidren qristeman
RmerTman, romlisaTvisca amas mogaxseneb: ara moakldes mTavrobai SvilTa SenTa da naTesavTa
maTTa, qveyanaTa amaT ukunisamde JamTa, aramed iyvnen igini mtkiced ufrois kldeTa myarTa
da mTaTa saukuneTa da didebul iyvnen ukunisamde~ (grigol xanZTelis mimarTva aSot
kurapalatisadmi _ giorgi merCule, `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~).
ufalma gangeb gamoagzavna bagrationebi saqarTveloSi da daanaTesava
xosrovanebs (farnavazianebs _ `TavTa maT qarTlisaTa~), raTa iveriaSi dadges `wmidaTa
aTaswlovani mefoba~ da aRsdges sataxto imperia `wmidaTa aTaswlovani mefobis ierusalimi~
saqarTveloSi, sadac aris wmida eklesia iveriisa, romelsac hyavs `damoukidebeli episkoposi
(patriarqi � g. m.) mefedkurTxevisa da mRvdelmTavrad xeldasmis uflebiT~ da `am ori
meufis (mefis da patriarqis) mmarTvelobis qveS myofi~ morwmune xalxi `iqneba da mas
ewodeba wmida eri, sameufo samRvdeloeba da rCeulTa eri~ da Cvens `dedaqalaqs ewodeba axali
ierusalimi~ da wmidaTa aTaswlovani mefobisas ibatonebs saxarebiseuli samarTlianoba (kirile
lavriotisi).
saqarTvelos, iverias RvTis gangebiT ergo uflis kvarTi, romelic
dakrZalulia mcxeTas, sveticxovlis sakaTedro taZarSi.
saqarTveloze marTlac Zalian bevria damaimedebeli winaswarmetyveleba da
gadmocema, isini TandaTan gavixsenoT, axla ki winamdebare werilis mizans mivubrundeT.
saukuneebis manZilze, mas Semdeg, rac daarsda qarTvelTa pirveli
saxelmwifoebrivi gaerTianeba, qveynis mesveurebi mudam imis fiqrSi iyvnen, rogorme ufro da
ufro daexvewaT mmarTvelobis forma.
amis Sesaxeb mravali cnoba arsebobs saqarTvelos istoriaSi, romlebic
Seexeba farnavaz mefis, daviT aRmaSeneblis, giorgi brwyinvalis da sxvaTa mier gatarebul
reformebs, romlebmac dadebiTi roli Seasrules saqarTvelos ganviTarebaSi.
analogiuri problemis winaSe dgas dRevandeli saqarTveloc. cxadia,
mmarTvelobis forma ar varga. ar varga mmarTveli elitac, sinamdvileSi fsevdoelita. didi
xania qarTveli patriotebis erTi nawili fiqrobs saqarTveloSi mefobis aRdgenis Taobaze.
patriotebis garda, ukve zogierTi gaqnili politikosic saubrobs konstituciur monarqiaze,
rogorc saprezidento institutis alternativaze Dda a.S. mxolod gamorCeuli pirovnebebi saero
da sasuliero wreebSi am sakiTxs uyureben ara marto rogorc socialur-politikurs, miT umetes,
rogorc teqnologiurs, aramed rogorc misiurs, esqatologiurs, profetuls.
jer kidev zviad gamsaxurdias hqonda survili daeyenebina fexze qveyana
da aRedgina daviTis taxti, magram ar acales.
saeklesio moRvaweebi,
romlebic tradiciulad Tavisi codnisa da movaleobis Sesabamisad mudam mefobis aRdgenis
mosurneni iyvnen, ukve sajarod acxadeben qveyanaSi mironcxebuli xelmwifis saWiroebas da
amas akeTeben dRevandeli prezidentis* TandaswrebiT da mrevlis winaSe.
2002 wlis 25 dekembers saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobels,
qorepiskoposma, ruis-ubnisis mitropolitma, meufe iobma ase mimarTa:
`saukuneebis meoTxedi SeerTva drois
swrafmaval dinebas dRidan Tqveni aRsaydrebisa da am xnis manZilze dauRalavi SemarTebiT
aRasrulebT RvTiur misias, romelSic gaerTianebulia ara mxolod kaTolikos-patriarqis, aramed
mironcxebuli mefis uwmindesi da udidesi movaleobani winaSe RvTisa da winaSe erisa, rameTu
mose winaswarmetyvelis mier udabnod aRpryobili ori xeli, wmida mamaTa ganmartebiT,
moiazreba eris ufalTan zeamyvanebel or frTad � mefed da patriarqad. dRes ki saqarTvelo
mironcxebuli mefis gareSea da am ukanasknelis uxilav jvarsac sakuTari mxrebiT ezidebiT
golgoTis eklian aRmarTze, ezidebiT TavmdablobiT, siyvaruliT, moTminebiT da Tqvens mier
ganvlili gzis SemyureT Tqveniv sityvebi gvaxsendeba:Q`WeSmaritebasTan wilnayar kacze diadi
araferia�
(`sapatriarqos uwyebani� 27
dekemberi _ 2 ianvari, 2002-03 w.w.).
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Cvenma
patriarqma ganacxada:
`Cveni
valia eri movamzadoT bagrationTa dinastiis aRdgenisaTvis. am mdgomareobaSi, romelSic
imyofeba Cveni qveyana, am dapirispireba-kinklaobaSi, ra Tqma unda, Znelia amis gakeTeba.
mniSvnelovania Tavad bagrationTa momzadebac. me vfiqrob, rom mefobis aRdgena saqarTveloSi
realuria da RmerTma Cven yvelani mogvaswros am dalocvil da kurTxeul dros� (gaz, �tribuna
5.02.03.).
kaTolikosis siTyvebSi bevri ra aris sagulisxmo.
rogorc Cans, Cemi gvari jer kidev im droidanaa dakavSirebuli
bagrationebTan, roca isini sul axali gadasulni iyvnen tao-klarjeTSi da gamefebulni,
saqarTvelo ki mraval samefod iyo daSlili. amas gvamcnobs SavSeTSi, sofel oqrobageTis
eklesiis naSTebis warwera: `qriste, saxeliTa RmrTisaiTa aRvaSeneT wmida eklesia Cuen,
mamalaisa ZeT, qronikonsa rmid (934 welsa) mefobasa kurapalatisasa, uflebasa bagratisa,
mamasaxlisobasa Mmarkozisai Zmisa makarisa.
mwerali da mkiTxveli da mwirveli RmerTman Seiwyalen~. (n. SoSiaSvili. `lapidaruli
warwerebi�, t. I, gv. 307-308).
swored amitom da patriarqis naTqvamis gamo vgrZnobT movaleobas da
gadavwyviteT gamovaqveynoT didi xnis win Cafiqrebuli werilebis seria, sadac mimovixilavT
am sakiTxis politikur, socialur, eTnikur, fsiqologiur, sotirologiur, profetul da sxva
mxareebs.
teqnologiuri TvalsazrisiT
dRevandeli sistema ar varga. Uufro metic, prezidenti, misi garemocva, agreTve opozicia,
saerTod, politikuri elita, Zalian cudia da unda Seicvalos ara marto prezidenti, aramed
sistemac, raTa qveynis axlandelma meTaurma SemdgomSi ver SeZlos datovos iseTi adamiani
Tavis nacvlad, romelic masze kargi ar iqneba. es Zalian realuri safrTxea da amas angariSi
unda gavuwioT.
unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom Tundac opoziciuri wreebidan gaimarjvos
vinmem da gaxdes prezidenti, rac Zalian saTuoa, igi mainc ver iqneba CvenTvis panacea.
imitom, rom dRevandel sinamdvileSi SeiZleba gaamarjvebinon viTom opozicioners,
sinamdvileSi sakuTar kacs, an SeiZleba gaimarjvos eqscentriulma pirovnebam,
`xarizmatulma~, sinamdvileSi desturqciulma, romelsac gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi arc
konstruqciulobis Tavi eqneba da arc saSualeba.**
SesaZloa, gaimarjvos niWierma, magram mis winaaRmdeg amuSavdeba
dRevandeli prezidentis garemocva, ojaxi, Zalian didi fuli da ucxouri interesebi.
Tu ucxoeTis interesebi mis kandidaturas (e.i. opoziciuri prezidentobis
kandidatisas) moiwonebs, maSin saeWvo xdeba misi patriotoba da nacionalistoba. aseTi
Tvisebebi ki qveynis meTaurisTvis aucilebelia.
vimeoreb, SesaZlebelia Teoriulad Zalian kargma kandidatma gaimarjvos,
magram is mainc Znelad misaRebi iqneba yvela wrisaTvis da mravali provokaciaa mosalodneli
mis winaaRmdeg, rac didi xifaTia qveynisaTvis. xalxma ki mzaoba erTxel ukve ver gamoiCina,
sul axlaxans.
roca Cven vaxsenebT ucxoeTs, ar vgulisxmobT erTian struqturas da
erTian interesebs, arc interesTa Tundac droebiT Tanxvedras. ucxoeTi, anu msoflio aris
interesTa Widili, konkurencia, brZola daundobeli, faruli, zogjer Ria meTodebiT. ase rom,
erTis mowonebuls, magaliTad, aSS-sa, ar miiRebs ruseTi an evropa da a.S. Tanac unda
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom ucxoeTis umravles wreebTan SeTanxmeba da maTi resursebis CarTva
saprezidento arCevnebSi yvelaze ukeT isev dRevandeli prezidentis ojaxsa da mis garemocvas
SeuZlia, rasakvirvelia, isev saqarTvelos interesebis xarjze... es samwuxaro realobaa.
fuli Zalian bevria saWiro prezidentad gaxdomisaTvis. amas sWirdeba
pirovnebis gapopulareba, rac gulisxmobs misTvis moqmedebis Ria pirobebis Seqmnas, anu
masmediis mowyalebas, es udides wilad qrTamTan da masmediis mosyidvasTan aris
dakavSirebuli. Tanxa saWiroa, aseve arCevnebis dros momxreTa organizebisaTvis,
mimosvlisaTvis, saarCevno xmaTa SenarCunebisaTvis da a.S.
didi fulis gareSe saprezidento arCevnebis mogeba gamoricxulia (es
erTxel SeZlo zviad gamsaxurdiam, sxva veRar SeZlebs, imitom, rom axla is dro aRaraa da
misebric ar Cans).
visac didi fuli aqvs, is patiosani ar aris. didi fuli rom iSovos
vinmem saprezidento arCevnebisaTvis, viRacas unda gamoarTvas, is viRac ki mere moiTxovs
daxarjulis ukan amoRebas da procentebsac. es ki kanonieri gziT ar moxerxdeba. kanonis
darRvevas ki prezidentis mxridan xedavT, rac mohyveba da a.S. aris kidev mravali niuansi.
mokled, arCeuli prezidenti ver iqneba Cveni qveynisTvis is, rac saqarTvelos sWirdeba.
Zalian mniSvnelovania pirvelobis, `pirveli kacobis� sakiTxi.
saqarTveloSi es problema Zalian mwvaved dgas.
Zalian bevrisTvis `pirvelkacoba~ aris cxovrebis mizani. qveyanaSi
mefis arsebobis dros sxva ver iqneba pirveli, rac unda bevri fuli hqondes, da rac unda
Zlier politikosad grZnobdes Tavs nebismieri, mas usaTuod ecodineba, rom masze maRla
amqveyniur ierarqiaSi, saero ierarqiaSi, aris mefe, romelic mas ganixilavs, rogorc Svils.
mefisTvis pirvelkacobis, pirvelobis problema ar dgas. misTvis
gangebaa, msaxurebaa, valdebulebaa zrunavdes qveSevrdomebze. es adgili mas karierisadmi
swrafviT ar moupovebia, arc qvemZvromoba, arc pozioroba, arc TamaSi, arc qrTamis aReba da
gacema mas ar dasWirvebia. es nebeluri ar aris, es fataluria. igi, ubralod, mefobisTvis
daibada da mefurad gazardes. imTaviTve yvelaferi garkveulia. ase ineba arsTa ganmrigem.
dRes yvelam icis, rom prezidentis ojaxi bevrs sZuls. mefis ojaxi
gamWirvaled icxovrebs. maT ar dasWirdebaT da arc eqnebaT fuli, ar eqnebaT biznesi, Ria Tu
faruli angariSebi bankebSi, ar eqnebaT SiSi Tanamdebobis dakargvisa da Semosavlebis
Sewyvetisa, konkurentebisagan Zaladobisa da intrigebisa, ar eyolebaT klani, vinaidan ar
SeeZlebaT Tanamdebobebis gayidva. mefe mxolod daamtkicebs xalxis arCeuls.
mefis, dedoflisa da memkvidris garda, arc erTi maTi naTesavi, Tundac
Svili, ar iqneba wodebisa da privilegiebis matarebeli. qveyanaSi ar iqneba samefo kari, ar
iarsebebs araviTari aristokratia da Tavadaznauruli wodeba, miT umetes, privilegia. Tavad
mefis dedmamiSvilic ki iqneba Cveulebrivi moqalaqe, batoniSvilisa da sefewulis, mTavrisa
da Tavadis wodebis gareSe.
memkvidre gaizrdeba patriarqis zedamxedvelobiT, wminda mamaTa
garemocvaSi(`Wyondideli
mamaa mefeTa~). yrmobidan iqneba ziarebuli marTlmadideblobis sibrZnes da saTnoebebs da
mefeTa saqmeebs: `da viTar vin aRracxnes, raodenni saqmeni eTxovebian mefobasa, raodenni
marTebani da gansagebelni? kideTa pyrobani, napirTa mWirvani, ganxeTqilebaTa krZalvani,
samefoisa wynarebisa Roneni, laSqrobaTa mecadineobani, mTavarTa zakvisa cnobani, mxedarTa
ganwesebani, saeroni SiSni, saxeloTa da sabWoTa sjani, saWurWleTa Semosavalni, mociqulTa
SemTxuevani da pasuxni, meZRuneTa jerovanni misagebelni, SemcodeTa wyalobiTni wurTani,
msaxurebulTa niW-mravlobani, moCivarTa marTalni gamoZiebani, mosakiTxavTa Sesatyvisni
mokiTxvani, spaTa dawyobani da Ronierni mimarTebani; da raodenni vin aRmowyunes sityviTa
ufskrulisagan samefoTa saqmeTaisa~ (`cxovrebai mefeT-mefisa daviTisi~).
yrmobidan momavali mefe gaiTavsebs ubralo xalxis wuxilsa da sixaruls,
maTTan erTad iqneba Wirsa da lxinSi, visac vixilavT `damaltobelad RawvTa misTa cremliTa~
avadmyofebis xilvisas, vinc iqneba qvrivTa da obolTa damxmare da ganmkiTxveli, vinc
daicavs xalxis interesebs qveyanaSi da qveynisas mTels msoflioSi, vinc patiosnad da
eklesiurad cxovrebis magaliTs miscems moqalaqeebs.
mefis ojaxis Senaxva iqneba Zalian iafi qveynisaTvis, gacilebiT iafi,
vidre prezidentis ojaxisa.
magaliTisTvis: espaneTis mefis da misi ojaxis, samefo sasaxleebis,
wveulebebis, ceremonialebis, personalis da a.S. Sesanaxad espaneTs exarjeba sul
ori(zogierTi cnobiT eqvsi) milioni dolari (gadagvarebul dinastiebs nu gavixsenebT, isini
Sors arian eklesiisagan). espaneTis mefis ojaxi samagaliTod kaTolikuri da xalxosnuria.
kargad maxsovs espaneTSi msoflios safexburTo Cempinatis gaxsnaze mefe xuan karlosis
sityviT gamosvlisas mTeli stadioni fexze amdgari, cremliani TvalebiT ismenda qveynis
erTianobis, erovnulobis, kaTolicizmis, didi istoriiT siamayis _ simbolos sityvebs.
ori(Tundac eqvsi) milioni dolari saqarTveloSi saSualo Cinovnikis
ukanono Semosavalze cotaa weliwadSi. arafers vambob prezidentis, misi ojaxisa da
sanaTesaos wliur xarjebze, romelic Cvens xalxs awevs kiserze. ase, rom mefobis aRdgena am
mxrivac sasurvelia.***
mefobis aRdgena iveriaSi Seamcirebs korufciasac.
roca pirveli kaci da pirveli ojaxi ar aris CarTuli korufciaSi, ar
midis jaWvuri reaqciac. mefes qrTami ar dasWirdeba. kidev erTi magaliTi espaneTis mefis
cxovrebidan: erTxel
mas viRac miliardelma iaxta aCuqa, mefem uari ver Tqva saCuqarze da verc miiRo. man
ganacxada, rom aseTi Zvirfasi iaxtis Senaxva samefos ar SeuZliao. gayida igi da aRebuli
fuli qvelmoqmedebas moaxmara. aseT sakiTxebs kanoni da eklesiuri aRzrda moagvarebs.
erovnulobis TvalsazrisiT mefobis institutis aRdgena lamazi qarTuli
tradiciebis aRdgenas niSnavs. rodesac dagvibrundeba mravali Zvirfasi da vaJkacuri
ceremoniali, romelTa Sesaxeb moTxrobilia `xelmwifis karis garigebaSi� da sxva wyaroebSi.
Cveni Svilebi ufro mtkice qarTuli da kacuri suliskveTebiT gaizrdebian.
Cveni patara vaJebi Seecdebian mefesaviT
qarTulad Caicvan da mamakacurad gaiar-gamoiaron, xolo Cveni gogonebi RvTisnier dedofals
mibaZaven. mefobas SeuZlia vestrenizaciis safrTxis acileba.
xelmwifoba, mefoba saqarTveloSi aTaswleulebis manZilze arsebobda da
misi aRdgena tradicionalizmis arCevaze, rwmenis arCevaze miuTiTebs. miT umetes, sxvaTa
mier motyuebiT, traqtatis darRveviT, naZaladevad, araqristianulad gauqmebulis aRdgena
qarTvelTa mxridan Seurigeblobis, gautexlobis, daumarcxeblobisa da gamarjvebis maniSnebelia
da saamayoa, rom ver mogverivnen da veraferi wagvarTves _
verc sicocxle, verc erovneba, verc mamuli, verc taxti da verc RmerTi.
saamayoa aseTi dinastiis yolac.
evropaSi erT-erTi uZvelesi dianstiisa da albaT, msoflioSic. bagratovanTa legendaruli
warmomavloba wmida mefsalmune daviT mefisagan da qristes naTesaoba aris iseTi ganZi,
romlis msgavsi izoTeisturi legenda arc erT qristianul dinastias ar gaaCnia.
mxolod evropis ramdenime sagvareulo Tvlis, rom isini ieso qristes
xorcieli Svilebi arian mariam magdalinelisagan. es ki uzarmazari mkrexeloba da codvaa.
aseTi legenda mxolod avadmyofuri ideis Sedegi SeiZleba iyos.
aris gadmocema, rom bagratovanebi, manamdeli qarTlis xosroiani
mefeebis, romlebic sinamdvileSi farnavazianebi iyvnen, STamomavlebic arian guaram
erismTavris dedis mxridan. guarami iyo mamiT bagrationi da dediT farnavaziani, gorgaslis
SviliSvili.
aseTi dinastiis taxtis aRdgeniT Cven wmida qeTevan dedoflis, wmida
luarsab mefis, giorgi brwyinvalis, wmida demetre Tavdadebulis, wmida Tamar mefis, wmida
daviT aRmaSeneblis, wmida vaxtang gorgaslis, wmida arCil mefis, wmida mirianisa da wmida
nanas, farsman qvelis, farnavazis, wmida mefsalmune daviT mefis, Cveni erTnarqebis
Tubalis, mcxeTosis da grigol robaqiZis sityvebi rom gavimeoroT, `qarTvelTa mdgen kardus~,
qarTlosis taxts aRvadgenT~!
* es werili daiwera SevardnaZis prezidentobisas.
** samwuxarod Cveni sityvebi gamarTlda,
saqarTvelo kvlav mZime mdgomareobaSia.
*** saqarTvelo espaneTTan SedarebiT
gacilebiT patara qveyanaa, aq ar aris sasaxleebi,
ase rom, saqarTvelos mefis Senaxva gacilebiT iafi daujdeba. garda amisa, 2004 wels
saakaSvils misTvis, rogorc prezidentisTvis, gamoyofili 10 milioni laris(rac 5 milion
dolarze metia) nacvlad 42 milioni lari dauxarjavs, is ki 23 milion dolarze metia.
miSa, miSa ki ara, mefe, mefe
aTeul
welze meti qarTveli xalxis didi nawili gaiZaxoda _ `zviadi_zviadi�. es iyo misalmeba
erovnuli moZraobis liderisa da qveynis prezidentisadmi, mere am SeZaxilma SeiZina
ideologiur_fsiqologiuri datvirTva da iqca erovnulobisa da erTgulebis gamoxatulebad.
`zviadi_zviadis�
SeZaxils hqonda obieqturi mizezi. zviad gamsaxurdia, qarTuli literaturis klasikosis ojaxSi aRzrdili, samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli da natanji
kaci iyo, romlis moRvaweobam megobarTan, merab kostavasTan erTad, gansakuTrebuli xasiaTi
misca qarTul erovnul moZraobas.
qarTveli xalxis didi
nawili miiCnevda, rom gamarjvebani, romelsac miaRwia: arCevnebis mogeba erovnuli moZraobis
mier, referendumSi gamarjveba, 1991 wlis 9 aprils ruseTisadmi SurisZieba _ damoukideblobis
gamocxadeba didad iyo damokidebuli zviad gamsaxurdiaze. amitom siyvaruli gamoxata aseTi
formiT.
qarTveli xalxi, arcTu
usafuZvlod, did rols aniWebda erovnul moZraobaSi da Semdeg qveynis damoukideblobis
gamocxadeba_aRdgenaSi pirovnebis rols. pirovnebani TavianTi titanuri nebiT qmnian epoqebs.
pirovnebani daimsaxureben xolme eris mamis tituls. ers lideri sWirdeba, ara imitom, rom
xalxi brboa, aramed imitom, rom lideris gareSe ar arsebobs gamarjveba.
qarTveli eri aRmoCnda
miTosuri ganwyobis, romelmac miTologizireba moaxdina Tavisi cxovrebis epizodebisa meoce
saukunis dasasruls. amas aqvs obieqturi mizezebi da sulac ar aris dasaZraxi. vgulisxmobT
didi xnis manZilze qarTvelTa erTi nawilis rwmenas, zviadi cocxalia, dabrundeba da
gagvamarjvebinebso. am rwmenaSi kargad Cans Cveni xalxis sakraluri xasiaTi.
miTebi iseTi diadi
xalxebis wiaRSi iSva, rogorebic iyvnen Zveli berZnebi, Zveli ebraelebi, Zveli qarTvelebi,
egviptelebi da sxva. yoveli miTi galamazebuli sinamdvilea da raime sibrZnes (sibrZneebs)
atarebs. zviadis sicocxlis rwmena eris mamis arsebobis survils gamoxatavs gaucnobiereblad
gadmocemuls, qceuls miTad. zviadi marTlac `cocxali� aRmoCnda, igi nel-nela amarcxebs
Tavis mkvlelebs da saqarTvelos mokvlis msurvelebs, SevardnaZes da mis mowafeebs.
naxevar saukuneze metia,
qarTvelTa erTi didi nawili stalinis siyvaruliTaa gamsWvaluli. garda qarTvelebisa, sxva
erovnebis Svilebic didis TavgarwirviT ewirebodnen stalinis saxeliT `samarTlianobisaTvis
brZolis ideas�. bolSevikebma kargad icodnen xalxTa miTosuri xasiaTi da TavianTi liderebi
gmirobis, eris mamobis, Tavdadebulobis da a.S. SaravandediT Semoses.
gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliT
stalini saqarTveloSi uyvardaT. arcaa gasakviri, qarTvelebi masSi saamayo obieqts
xedavdnen, qarTveli eris saqveynod saxelis ganmTqmels, yvela sardalze niWiers, msoflios
udides adamians, zekacs.
stalinistoba erTgvarad
nacionalizmis gamovlinebac ki iyo. stalinis fenomeniT qarTveli kaci mTel msoflios Tavisi
mamis, lideris da Sesabamisad sakuTari Tavis upiratesobas umtkicebda.
rostom CxeiZis TqmiT,
amiT qarTvelebs dakarguli didi qaldea enatrebodaTo.
gansakuTrebiT 1956
wlidan, xruSovis mier stalinisa da misi kultis dagmoba, qarTvelebma erovnul
diskriminaciad, erovnuli lideris, `mamis� Seuracxyofad miiRes da kinaRam
damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi gadaizarda saprotesto gamosvlebi. rom ara sisxliani 9 marti,
asec iqneboda, albaT. amitomac iCqara da isastika rusulma imperiam.
SevardnaZis moRalaturi
reJimisagan gawamebul xalxSi xSirad gaigonebdiT, `eg Tu ara, maS vin�. xalxi isev
liders, mamas, gadamrCenels eZebda. Tavisi roli mas qveynis gadarCenis saqmeSi naklebad
warmoedgina. arc aqtiurobda. misi nawili mxolod maSin gamovida quCaSi, rac usafrTxoebis
garantiebi igrZno ucxoeTidan da isic eleqtronuli mediis fsiqologiuri Sturmis Sedegad.
dRes qarTvelTa erTi
nawili gaiZaxis _ `miSa-miSa�. am nawilisaTvis axlandeli prezidenti SevardnaZisa da
abaSiZis dammarcxebeli gmiris mantiiTaa mosili. masSi isini xedaven gamaTavisuflebels
SevardnaZisagan, qveynis aRmSenebels da rac mTavaria, gadamrCenels. `miSa kargia, zura
Jvania cudi�, �miSam ar icis, rom hagiografias da saqarTvelos istorias ebrZvis misi
ministri, kaxa lomaia, Torem yofas utirebda,� da a. S.
qarTveli xalxis
mentaliteti aseTi yofila. igi arakoleqtiuria, aradisciplinirebulia, individualisturia da
lideri sWirdeba, raTa warmatebebs miaRwios. Tu gamoCnda vinme, yvela dadebiT Tvisebebs mas
miawers, rac ki arsebobs dedamiwaze da mis Secdomebs arafrad Caagdebs, daiviwyebs, `ase
iyoo saWiro�_ ityvis.
vakvirdebiT ra Cveni
xalxis amgvar xasiaTs, sul ufro da ufro vrwmundebiT, rom mas mefe sWirdeba. adamiani,
romelic imTaviTve eris liderad, eris mamad aris movlenili gangebis mier.
marTlmadidebluri
ideologiis mixedviT qveyanas sWirdeba ori xelisuflebis simfonia, saero da sasuliero
xelisuflebebisa. imitom, rom adamianebs akliaT rwmena da marto patriarqi ar akmayofilebT,
maT saero eris mamac sWirdebaT, sardali da damcveli. aq mxolod urwmunoTa xasiaTi ar aris
gaTvaliswinebuli, aramed qveynierebis sakraluri wyobac, romelic xalxTa fsiqologiaSi
vlindeba.
kargad rom davakvirdeT,
mefe marTlac uamravi ramiT sjobs prezidents. xom sjobia Rirseuli mama, pirvel kacad
dabadebuli, karierisaTvis nabrZol, ucxoeTis fulebiTa da piarkompaniebiT gamamebul
prezidents, maminacvals?
daskvna erTaderTi
SeiZleba iyos, dRes SeiZleba bevri ar dameTanxmos, magram momavali Cvens simarTles
daamtkicebs. qarTvelebi imitom eZeben xan zviads (zviadis dros es marTebuli iyo) xan
eduards da xan miSas, rom maT jer ver gaucnobierebiaT _ mefe sWirdebaT.
maS sjobs `miSa-miSa�
ki ar iZaxon, aramed `mefe_mefe�.
saxalxo monarqiisaTvis
SevardnaZis
xelisuflebis erT-erT warmomadgenels hkiTxes, momxre iyo Tu ara monarqiis aRdgenisa
saqarTveloSi. pasuxi uaryofiTi gaxldaT, Tumca respodentma Semdeg daamata: `principSi, Tu
aRsdgeba monarqia, mainc mivesalmebi, me xom Tavaduri gvaris varo�.
Tavidanve unda ganvacxadoT, sjobs arasdros
ar aRsdges monarqia saqarTveloSi, Tuki igi iqneba aristokratiis, an nebismieri sxva fenis
privilegiebisa da interesebis aRmdgenel-Semqmnel-damcveli.
monarqia unda iyos eris gamaerTianebeli,
saxalxo.
memkvidreobiT
aristokratias mravali damsaxureba miuZRvis saqarTvelos istoriaSi. TaobaTa manZilze
memkvidreobiT gadasuli wodebis warmomadgenlebi didi ZalisxmeviT emsaxurebodnen samSoblos,
qarTul kulturas, samxedro saqmes, rwmenas, xalxs... ar SeiZleba am instituts,
memkvidreobiT aristokratiis instituts damsaxureba davukargoT. magram saqarTvelo gacilebiT
Zlieri iyo maSin, roca qarTveli mefeebis Zalaufleba maqsimalurad SeuzRudavi iyo sxvadasxva artistokratiuli sagvareuloebis mxridan, magaliTad,
daviT aRmaSeneblis dros da giorgi brwyinvalis periodSi. wmida daviT mefem qarTuli imperia
Seqmna ara didi aristokratiuli sagvareuloebis mxardaWeriT, aramed maTi damarcxebiT. mis
mier damarcxebuli sagvareuloebia baRuaSebi, kaxTa mefeebi, Zaganis sagvareulo da sxva.
daviT aRmaSeneblisaTvis mTavari iyo adamianis piradi monacemebi da ara misi gvariSviloba.
mis dros did Tanamdebobaze iniSnebodnen, dRevandeli terminebi rom vixmaroT, kompetenturi
da patiosani adamianebi. aman mogvca didi Sedegi: eris konsolidacia da qarTuli imperiis
daarseba.
giorgi
brwyinvalem saqarTvelos gamoxsna monRolTa batonobisgan da imperiis aRdgena mxolod maSin
SeZlo, roca civis mTaze gazuluqebul, gaTavxedebul, moRalate, �gaulusebul�
aristokratebs Tavebi daaWra da qveynis samsaxurSi Caaba sxvadasxva fenis niWieri da
patiosani adamianebi.
saqarTveloSi patron-ymuri wyobilebis dros
aznauroba iyo qarTuli jaris oficroba. patron-ymoba gansxvavdeba baton-ymobisagan,
patron-ymobis dros glexTa mdgomareoba ar iyo araadamianurad kabaluri. ivane javaxiSvili
ambobda, rom qarTuli patron-ymoba gansxvavdeboda evropuli patron-ymobisagan. evropaSi
feodals yvela uflebebi hqonda glexze, maT Soris sasamarTlo. saqarTveloSi patron-ymobis
dros glexis gasamarTleba mxolod centraluri xelisuflebis prerogativa iyo. Semdgom
periodebSi, roca aristokratiam maqsimalurad daasusta mefis xelisufleba da daaymeva
glexebi, sasamarTlo xelisufleba mainc mefis xelSi darCa. amiT gansxvavdeba qarTuli
feodalizmi evropulisgan da gansakuTrebiT rusulisgan. Tumca aristokratiis didi nawili, Riad
Tu farulad, mainc Zaladobda mefeze da glexze, Zlieri mefeebi axerxebdnen aelagmaT
gaTavxedebuli feodalebi.
aznauri iyo oficeri, didaznauri (Tavadi)
iyo didi Cinis oficeri, romelTac gansazRvruli funqcia hqondaT _ es iyo qveynis Tavdacva.
mefe
miwas(soflebs glexebianad) raime damsaxurebisTvis gadascemda romelime warCinebul,
gamorCeul pirovnebas, `msaxureul aznaurs�. amas `Sewyaleba� erqva. Sewyaleba SeiZleba
yofiliyo `sapatio� an `samamulo�. samamulod Sewyalebulis memkvidreobiT gadacema
SeiZleboda. sapatiod gadacemuli ar gadadioda memkvidreobiT. mas `gasakargavi� ewodeboda.
erTiani saqarTvelis Zlieri mefeebi cdilobdnen GZalian ar gaeZlierebinaT didebuli aznaurebi
da maTs qonebas da gavlenas abalansebdnen droebiT Sewyalebulebze dayrdnobiT. ufro xSiri
iyo swored amgvari Sewyaleba. saqarTvelos mefes iuridiulad SeeZlo nebismieri saxis
mflobelobis CamorTmeva. srul suzerenad mxolod mefe iTvleboda. Sewyalebuli sxva
saqmianobisgan Tavisufldeboda. misi erTaderTi saqme msaxureba, oficroba Tu Tanamdebobis (�saxelos�)
gaZRola iyo. aznauri Tavisufals niSnavs. aq igulisxmeba misi Sromisagan gaTavisufleba da
ara sruli Tavisufleba. yvelas, MmaT Soris didaznaurebs (Tavadebs) hyavda patroni, batoni,
suzereni _ mefe. sruli suzereni mxolod mefe gaxldaT, sxva yvela misi yma iyo.
aznauri
valdebuli iyo daecva `gasakargav� (`saxarajo�) Tu `samkvidro� miwebze wesrigi,
aekrifa gadasaxadi da saxelmwifosTvis gadaeca gansazRvruli nawili (sruli Seuvaloba mxolod
saeklesio qonebas hqonda), Seedgina samxedro razmebi da gamoeyvana saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi.
gaewia patronoba adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis, diax, patronoba da ara monaTmflobelobis
msgavsi batonoba (marTalia `batoni� romauli sityva patronisagan aris warmomdgari, magram
Sinaarsi odnav gansxvavebuli aqvs (sanam `patroni� Semovidoda qarTul enaSi, manamde am
mcnebis aRsaniSnavad `ufali� gamoiyeneboda).
patron-ymobis
dros arsebobda ymaTa sxvadasxva kategoria. magram, ZiriTadad, adamianebi raime mizezis
gamo, Tavisi Tavisuflebis nawils, xSirad nebayoflobiT gadascemdnen dawinaurebul,
aRzevebul, Zlier, SeZlebul pirovnebas, raTa hyolodaT mfarveli gaWirvebis, tragediis an
sisustis Jams.
saqarTveloSi
feodal mflobelebs, Tavad-aznaurobas, miwa-wyali da glexi, riCard paipsis sityvebi rom
gamoviyenoT, mxolod �de-faqto� mflobelobaSi hqondaT da ara `de-iure� sakuTrebaSi
(saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gauqmebamde ase iyo).
gasakargavi
miwa-wyali da glexebi, mefis mier, xSirad gadaecemoda gamkargvelis STamomavlobas, aseve
gankargvis uflebiT da ara memkvidreobiT. gamkargvelebi male iviwyebdnen, rom mxolod
damsaxurebis gamo, droebiT miiRes Sewyaleba da cdilobdnen qoneba memkvidreobiTad eqciaT.
TandaTanobiT moxda am sakuTrebis miTviseba, radgan mefis xelisufleba dasustda da rotacia
aRar mimdinareobda ganmkargvelebisa, oficrebisa, Tanamdebobis pirTa. TiTqmis yvelaferi
memkvidreobiTad iqca, gansakuTrebiT miwa-wyali da glexoba.
oficrebs
(aristokratias) imitom hqondaT miwa da hyavdaT glexebi, rom uzrunvelyofiliyo maTi
momarageba sursaTiT, saWurvliT, miwaze muSaobisgan gaTavisuflebiT. uzrunvelyofiliyo maTi
col-Svilic sakvebiT da sxva saxmariT, raTa aznaurebs (aristokratias) SeZlebodaT qveynis
Tavdacvis saqmeSi moRvaweoba. samSoblom Tavisi interesebis gamo droebiT dauTmo miwa da,
gansakuTrebiT, glexebi. Tavadaznaurobam es `qoneba� memkvidreobiT sakuTrebad miiCnia da
pretenzia gauCnda maT batonobaze, srul mflobelobaze. amgvarad moxda saxelmwifo, erovnuli
miwebis miTviseba, saTavadoebis Camoyalibeba. xSirad patrons (da ara batons) ymad
(sapatronod) Seexizneboda da Tavisi Tavisuflebis, suverenitetis, Sromis Tu qonebis nawils
dauTmobda omSi daRupuli an dainvalidebuli gmiris ojaxi. mere aseTebi sruliad daaymeves,
TiTqmis daamones, yovelgvari suvereniteti, uflebebi waarTves (de faqto mainc). ase moxda
gmiri qarTveli kacis daCagvra, dabeCaveba (glexis namdvili patroni da damcveli,
gamonaklisebis garda, iyo mefe, yvela epoqaSi). ase daamaxinja patron-ymoba da samSoblos
interesebisadmi msaxureba saxelmwifo _ samefo miwebze da qarTvel kacze memkvidreuli
sakuTrebis ambiciam. ase daingra saqarTveloc.
saqarTvelo
maSin iyo Zlieri, rodesac rotacia mimdinareobda jarSi, roca damsaxurebis mixedviT
winaurdeboda oficeri (asisTavi, aTasisTavi, spasalari Tu amirspasalari). rotacia yovel
armias da jars sWirdeba droTa ganmavlobaSi. amgvari rotacia mimdinareobda Tavad aznaurTa
wodebaSic. Cven viciT mravali damcrobili gvari da aseve, viciT aRzevebuli gvarebis
istoria. es Cveulebrivi movlena iyo. xSirad niWier strateg mamebs, hyavT strategiaSi
gaurkveveli Svilebi da xom gaumarTlebeli iqneba mamis damsaxurebis gamo, araprofesional
Svilebs CavabaroT omSi sardloba.
gvian
Sua saukuneebSi rotacia TiTqmis Sewyda. glexi, Tundac uniWieresi iSviaTad aznaurdeboda,
aRzevdeboda. mxolod azatdeboda. azati Tavisufals niSnavs, magram ara aznaurs, axla ukve
aristokrats. aznauri ki emcroboda, TavadisSvilic eSveboda aznaurobamde, magram maTi
damcroba gaRaribebis Sedegi iyo umetesad (Tumca iyo ukanono Svilobis faqtoric). mdidari,
SeZlebuli, magram uniWo da nakleb erTguli Tavadi an aznauri poziciebs inarCunebda.
mas
Semdeg, rac aristokratiam daZlia erTiani saqarTvelos mefeebis xelisufleba da qveyana
daiSala giorgi VIII-is dros, rotacia oficrobisa qarTul sajariso saqmeSi da qveynis
mmarTvel elitaSi faqtiurad Sewyda. ramac katastrofuli Sedegi gamoiwvia qveynisaTvis. zogierTi mefe
axerxebda xolme did aristokratTa dajabnas da
qveynisTvis raime kargis gakeTebas (mag: solomon pirvelis mier tyveTa syidvis akrZalva da
imereTis gaZliereba), magram es gamonaklisia mxolod. gansakuTrebiT garTulda mdgomareoba
patron-ymobis baton-ymobiT TandaTan Secvlis
Semdeg. principSi, aman gamoiwvia, didwilad, qveynis ganuviTarebloba, daqucmacebuloba,
damografiuli mdgomareobis gauareseba a.S.
es
yvelaferi `daagvirgvina� ruseTis gabatonebam CvenSi. adre Tu memkvidreuli Tavadaznauroba
ibrZoda, ruseTma es funqcia TiTqmis mouSala da uZraobis mdgomareobaSi Caagdo. marTalia,
qarTuli aristokratiis didi nawili ruseTis armiaSi Sevida, magram samSoblosadmi man funqcia
dakarga, ruseTSi ki aristokratias fuqsavaturi stili hqonda cxovrebisa.
memkvidreuli
aristokratiis warmomadgenlebs metnaklebad hqondaT materialuri SeZleba, Tavisufali dro.
funqciis dakargvam, ufunqciobam maTi nawili
degradaciamde, loTobamde, social-demokratiamde da a. S. miiyvana.
Zlieri
mefeebi evropis qveynebSic ebrZodnen memkvidreobiT aristokratias, Tumca iq gacilebiT
naklebi masStabebi hqonda TanamdebobaTa memkvidreobiT miTvisebas da amis gamo qveynis
`saTavadoebad� daqucmacebas. procentulad evropaSi gacilebiT naklebi iyo aristokratia,
vidre saqarTveloSi. wina saukunis dasawyisSi poloneTSi iyo mxolod 4 % Sliaxta
(aristokratia), saqarTveloSi ki 6 %. evropaSi poloneTi iTvleba yvelaze mravalricxovani
memkvidreuli aristokratiis qveynad. dRevandeli Cveni gaTvliT, memkvidruli aristokratiis
STamomavlebi mTeli qarTuli mosaxleobis 12 %-s aRwevs. es gaugonrad didi cifria.
evropeli
mamuliSvilebi yovelTvis cdilobdnen aristokratiis, ufro Tu davazustebT, elitis rotacias da
Sesabamisad miaRwies kidec ganviTarebas. marTalia, maT geografiuli mdgomareobac uwyobdaT
xels, ar hyavdaT iseTi barbarosi mezoblebi,
rogorc Cven (TurqeTi, irani, ruseTi), magram faqti faqtad rCeba.
evropam
elitaSi Seiyvana burJuaziis warmomadgenlebi da amiT gacilebiT moigo. burJuazia erTgvarad
axali aRzevebuli sagvareuloebia. Zvel droSi maT aristokratiul wodebebs mianiWebdnen, axal
droSi es ar gaxda saWiro.
evropam
moaxerxa da memkvidreuli aristokratiis
problema axali
aristokratiis, axali elitis SeqmniT
gadalaxa(Cven ar veTanxmebiT iulius evolas). Sedegad igi swrafad ganviTarda da gaZlierdnen
evropuli saxelmwifoebic.
migvaCia,
rom memkvidreuli aristokratiuli wodebis aRdgena qarTul monarqias arafriT gamoadgeba. es
kategoriulad miuRebelia.
integraluri nacionalizmi da aristokratiulobis Teoria
Zvel
qarTulSi aristokratiulis Sesatyvisi sityva iyo `sazepuro�. SuSanikis wamebaSi naxsenebia
`aznaurni did-didni da zepurni dedani�.
qarTuli
warmodgeniT, qarTveli eri aris gansakuTrebuli misiis mqone. igi aris RvTismSoblis
wilxvedri. qarTveli eris gansakuTrebuloba, aristokratiuloba mtkicdeba Tavad macxovris
sityvebiT, romliTac ufalma mimarTa Tavis
dedas, yovladwmida RvTismSobels, mas Semdeg, rac dedaRvTisas wilad ergo iberia
gansanaTleblad: `hoi dedao Cemo, ara ugulebel vyo eri igi sazepuro ufrois yovelTa
naTesavTa, meoxebiTa SeniTa maTTvis.�
maSasadame, qarTveli eri sazepuro eria,
aristokratiuli eria.
Tu
Tavadi an hercogi aristokratiulia sxva wodebaTa Soris, aseve
qarTveli Tavisi erovnebiT aristokratia
sxva erovnebaTa Soris.
Tavadi niSnavs pirovnebas, sakuTari Tavis mflobels,
Tavisufals da, aqedan gamomdinare _ aristokrats.
qarTveli eri saTavado eria.
RvTis rCeuli eri iyo israeli, manamde qaldevelebi,
qaldeadan abraamma waiRo codna monoTeizmis Sesaxeb. Zveli aRTqmis rCeulma erma, israelma
ver miiRo axali aRTqma, ver cno mesia da axla axali aRTqmis rCeuli eria qarTveloba.
qarTvelobam daibruna Tavisi misia _ misia monoTeizmis marTlmorwmune codnis mqone erisa,
romelic dakarga pirveli qaldeas, SuamdinareTis dakargvasTan erTad; qarTvelobam
Suamdinaruloba, civilizaciuroba Semoinaxa axal SuamdinareTSi, mtkvar-araqsis
SuamdinareTSi, sadac Seqmna axali qaldea, meore qaldia _ kardus mTebis garSemo _ urartuSi;
Semdeg lazeT-taoklarjeTSi _ mesame qaldia. meoTxe qaldia aris Tanamedrove, ufro sworad
momavali saqarTvelo (�oTxisa dRisa mkvdari� _ amaze sxva dros).
gamorCeulobis Teoria mraval ers aqvs da amaSi cudi
araferia. ebraelebze vTqviT, somxebi miiCneven, rom axali sicocxle, axali miwa noes
kidobanma maT miwaze, araratis mTaze ipova (sinamdvileSi araratis, urartus mTa somxebis aq
mosvlamdis, xalxTa gaCenidan Cveni iyo)
gamorCeulobis Teoria, anu saqarTvelos zepurobis,
aristokratiulobis, Tavadurobis Teoria Zalian normaluri da bunebrivi movlenaa. aseTi
Teoriebi Zalas aZlevs xalxebs TviTidentifikaciisa da gadarCenisaTvis. ebraelebisa da
qarTvelebis magaliTi kmara amisTvis.
aristokratiuloba niSnavs sisxlismier
gansakuTrebulobas, Tumca aristokratiuloba aucileblad iTvaliswinebs sulier daxvewilobas,
rafinirebulobas, gamorCeulobasac. grigol robaqiZe werda: `adamianis qmediTi unaria
qaotiurSi Carevisa da misi mogvarebisa. am gziT igi xdeba rCeuli: `aria� keTilSobili
`Tavadi� _ Cveni SesaniSnavi sityviT, Tu mas movacilebT socialuri funqciis elfers.
es mopovebuli unari Teslzedac axdens gavlenas da
sisxlzedac: iqceva memkvidreobad, oRond verc Tesli, verc sisxli ver xdis memkvidres
TavisTavad `ariad�. `Tavadad�, rom gaxdes, man unda ganvlos `meored dabadeba� gonis
mxriT.
memkvidreoba uadvilebs mxolod `dabadebas� mas.
indoeTSi `arias� memkvidre, sanam `meored dabadebas� ar gaiarda, jer kidev ar iyo
umdables kastaze, `Sudraze� maRla mdgomi. ase hgonebdnen ZvelTaZvel xanaSi.�
Cveni warmodgeniT `meored dabadeba� zepurs SeuZlia
iniciaciiT, madliT da damsaxurebiT, gmirobiT, moRvaweobiT. damsaxurebaze Tu vilaparakebT,
qarTveli eri arc erT ers ar Camouvardeba kacobriobis winaSe damsaxurebiT. man
Tanamedroveobas Semounaxa SesaniSnavi, orginaluri qarTuli kultura _ iberiuli civilizaciis
naSTi. gansxvavebiT mravali erebisagan, Cvens ers arasodes uZalavia sxva civilizaciaze da
ar gaunadgurebia kulturebi. Cveni eri imTaviTve amaRlebuli iyo, imTaviTve `rCeuli�.
qarTvelTa
damsaxurebebis Sesaxeb bevri laparaki SeiZleba. rac Seexeba iniciacias, gavixsenoT jalal
ed dinis Semoseva, asi aTasi tfiliseli mowamis gmiroba sarwmunoebisaTvis _ amaze ukeTesi
`meored dabadeba�, iniciacia, ra SeiZleba arsebobdes.
kavkasiuri
xalxebis Tanamegobroba, geopolitikis enaze rom vTqvaT, nebayoflobiTi imperia, romelic ki
ar anadgurebda xalxebs, aramed icavda, sicocxlis unarCunebda da aviTarebda, despotizmSi ki
ar gadaizarda, aramed koleqtiuri martvilobis misteriaSi amaRlda.
jalaledinis
urdoebma Suri iZies jvarosanTa mier ierusalimis mahmadianuri mosaxleobis ganadgurebis
gamo. maT gaanadgures saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis qristianuli nawilis absoluturi umravlesoba,
yvela, vinc uari Tqva fexi daebijebina macxovrisa da RvTismSoblis xatebisaTvis da uareyo
qristianoba.
SurisZieba ierusalimis gamo axal
iarusalimze, tfilisze, aseTi iyo jalaledinis qveSecneuli mizani.
marTalia,
maSin saxelwifoebrivad daveciT, magram sulierad `meored davibadeT�. dRes jalaledinis
saxelwifo aRar arsebobs, saqarTvelo iarsebebs mudam.
qarTveli eris aristokratiulobis, zepurobis
Teoria ar unda warmovidginoT integraluri nacionalizmis Teoriis gareSe.
integraluri
nacionalizmis Teoria aris erovnuli erTobis yvelaze Tanamedrove, yvelaze adamianuri,
yvelaze realuri da qristianuli gageba.
integraluri
nacionalizmis mixedviT, maqsimalurad unda moispos qarTveli eris erTobisaTvis xelisSemSleli nebismieri jebiri Tu Catexili xidi.
erovnuli erTobisaTvis aucilebelia maqsimaluri socialuri Tanasworoba, Tanasworoba kanonis
winaSe, da rac aseve Zalzed mniSvnelovania, Rirsebis Tanasworoba.
ocdameerTe
saukuneSi TiToeuli qarTveli Tanabaria yovelgvari RirsebiT yoveli Tavisi TanamoZmisa,
miuxedavad imisa, mis winaprebs rogori socialuri safexuri ekavaT feodalur, ufro Tu
davazustebT, gvianfeodalur da araganviTarebul burJuaziul saqarTveloSi. isic sakiTxavia,
patronymoba rogor degradirda batonymobad, gvianfeodalur xanaSi visi gvari aRzevda an
daemcro da ratom.
saerTod,
yoveli koncefcia, yoveli ideologia, iseve rogorc nacionalizmi, Tu unda qveyanas namdvilad
emsaxuros, unda iTvaliswinebdes, rom uflis TqmiT, mTeli qarTveli eri sazepuroa,
aristokratiulia, saTavadoa da yovel qarTvel moqalaqes SeuZlia damsaxurebiT Tu iniciaciiT,
gmirobiT Tu msaxurebiT iqces `ariad� _ Tavadad�.
yoveli
qarTveli dabadebidan saukeTesoa, aristokratia maT Soris ar unda iyos dabadebiTi,
STamomavlobiTi sxvaoba. aseTia integraluri nacionalizmis Teoria.
mefisaTvis
saWiroa msaxureuli elita
parlamentarizmis
idea xelwamosakravi ar aris. mas SeuZlia iseTi samarTlebrivi bazisi Seuqmnas saxelmwifos,
romelic mudmivad ganaxlebadi da cocxali iqneba, win waiyvans qveyanas yvela aspeqtSi,
Tumca mefis instituti gasakontroleblad da dasaregulireblad sWirdeba mas. burJuazia,
biznesi materialur da finansur safuZvels umyarebs qveyanas, da roca amas emateba
inteleqtualuri fenis siZliere _ qveynis winsvlas veRaraferi daudgeba win. Tumca zneoba
eklesiam Tu ar gaakontrola, qveynis `progresi� ufskrulSi CaCexavs nacias.
zemoT
CamoTvlili fenebisagan iqmneboda elita _ axali aristokratia evropaSi
meTvramete-mecxramete-meoce saukuneebSi. amitom evropis progresi aSkaraa (Tumca morali
odnav (?) SemoakldaT).
saqarTveloSi
ase ver moxerxda, imitom, rom parlamentarizmis ideis sikeTe droze ver davinaxeT
(yuTlu_arslanis dasis gamosvla), verc daviT aRmaSenebliseuli Teokratia SevinarCuneT,
Tamaris humanizmi da damokratia samarTlebriv
disciplinad ver gardavqmeniT, qarTuli ordeni _ faruli elitac gavanadgureT 1177 wels. Cveni
msaxureuli (damsaxurebiTi, `ganmkargavi�) aznauroba memkvidreul aristokratiad vaqcieT da
funqciac gamovacaleT...
amasTan
dakavSirebiT saineteresoa erTi ucnauri faqti, romelic aristokratizmis ideis damaxinjebis,
misi gakerpebisa da am SemTxvevaSi araprogresulad qcevis Zalian sagulisxmo magaliTs
warmoadgens:
garnisis
omis moRalatis, saqarTvelos damamarcxeblis, naqurTal-nasomxar ivane mxargrZelis vaJma,
avagma, aTabagis wodeba, Tanamdeboba, `saxelo� da samflobelo _ lore, memkvidreobiT
miiRo, imis magivrad, rom vinme damsaxurebuli qarTvelisTvis miecaT igi. cnobilia, rom
garnisSi ivane mxargrZelma gaswira didi gmirebi _ Salva da ivane axalcixelebi, jari ar
miaSvela maT, ris gamoc qarTvelTa armia damarcxda da mere daeca kidec tfilisi, rasac
mohyva asi aTasi tfiliselis mokvdineba.
garnisSi
ivane mxargrZelis Ralatis gamo 4000 mesxi moikla, daiRupa ivane axalcixeli, xolo wmida
Salva axalcixeli, Samqoris da basianis gmiri, tyved Caigdo jalaledinma da awama.
saqarTvelos imperia daeca. gavida wlebi, monRolebs winaaRmdegoba ar gauwia saqarTvelos
imdroindelma elitam, aristokratiam, avagis xelmZRvanelobiT. erTxel avagi urdoSi daibares
gabrazebulma monRolebma. mas Tan axlda ivane axalcixelis vaJi. axalcixelis Zem Tavi
gaswira avagisaTvis da yaens warudga rogorc avag aTabagi. Tumca yaenma igi ar mokla.
gavida dro, yaenma gaarkvia es Tavdadeba da gaigo, vin iyo namdvili avagi. man daafasa
axalcixelis Tavganwirva `patronisadmi�.
diax,
ucnauri istoriaa. imis magivrad, rom daemxoT moRalate mxargrZelebis ojaxi, avags
memkvidreobiT gadasces mamis tituli da Zalaufleba, metic, misi moRalate mamis mier
gawiruli axalcixelis Svilma, Tavi gaswira mamisisa da samSoblos gamwirvelis ojaxis
STamomavlisaTvis.
rainduli
da gulubriyvilo saqcielia. aseTi maxinji forma miiRo am SemTxvevaSi memkvidreulma
aristokratizmma. saqme isaa, rom mxargrZelebi aqemenidi Sahis artaqserqse mxargrZelis
STamomavlebad asaRebdnen Tavs. miuxedavad imisa, rom somxuri wyaroebi aRniSnaven maT
qurTul warmomavlobas, mxargrZelebis aqamenidur warmoSobaSi darwmunebuli yofila Tamari
istorikosi da, aqedan gamomdinare, samefo karic. rogorc Cans, ivane axalcixelis Svilma
Tavi amitom avagis ymad CaTvala.
am
dros Salva axalcixelis vaJi gadaxvewili iyo saqarTvelodan da daRupuli ucxoeTSi.
daviT
aRmaSeneblis dros, roca aznauroba, oficroba, dawinaureba msaxureuli, anu
damsaxurebismixedviTi iyo da ara memkvidreuli, aseTi ram ar moxdeboda.
Salva axalcixeli (da misi Zmac) saqarTvelos
simboloa.
1195
Salva axalcixelis bedi Zalzed hgavs
saqarTvelosas. albaT igia erT-erTi Cveni udidesi mfarveli wmindani (xseneba 30 ivniss).
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba iTqvas, rom yovel droSi,
yoveli saxelmwifos da yoveli mamuliSvilis mizani unda iyos, izrunos Zlieri elitis
arsebobisaTvis. es iqneba axali aristokratia, sulieri da inteleqtualuri, aseve
sisxlismieri, rameTu Cven moviyvaneT wina werilSi magaliTad macxovris sityvebi, rom Tavad
qarTveli xalxi `zepuria� _ aristokratiulia.
kargad aRzrdili nebismieri qarTveli rom
gagzavno nebismier qveyanaSi, iqaur ers kargad
gamoadgeba grafadac da hercogadac.
Zvelad,
saqarTveloSi, qveynis Zlierebis Jams, gamorCeul pirovnebas vargs uwodebdnen, miuxedavad
imisa, is aznauruli wridan iyo Tu glexTa fenidan. mere, rogorc vTqviT, moxda, msaxureuli
aznaurebis mxridan mefis mier droebiT, sasamsaxurod micemuli miwebis mitaceba da
sasamsaxurod, `gasakargavad� gadacemuli glexebis naZaladevi damoneba. im glexebisa,
romlebic gmirulad ibrZodnen omebSi, rogorc qudze kaci (saTavadoebis Seqmna aris qarTuli
saxelmwifos dacema, degradacia). sxvaTa Soris, yma adre rainds niSnavda da ara monas,
gamoCenil vaJkacs `kai ymas� uwodebdnen. memkvidreuli aristokratiis gaCenam, gaZlierebam
da mefis institutis dasustebam gamoiwvia raindi_ymis damoneba,
romelsac mere ZaRlebSi cvlidnen da stambolSi hyidnen. ase dasustda Cveni geni. rom ara
mefis institutis dasusteba, ase ar moxdeboda.
arada,
saqarTveloSi yovel gvars, Tavaduri iqneba Tu glexuri, hyavs TiTo gmiri mainc winaparTagan
(ixileT qarTuli folklori). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Tavadaznauruli da glexuri warmoSobis
Tanamedrove adamianebi arafriT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. gvian Sua saukuneebSi
mwerlebi da mecnierebi mxolod aristokratiuli wridan gamosuli adamianebi iyvnen, aseve iyo
mecxramete saukuneSi da meocis pirvel naxevarSi (sulxan-saba orbeliani, daviT guramiSvili,
aleqsandre WavWavaZe, grigol orbeliani, nikoloz baraTaSvili, ilia WavWavaZe, akaki
wereTeli, ivane javaxiSvili, da sxvebi), ase imitom xdeboda, rom im dros srulfasovani
ganaTlebis miReba (bavSvobidan) mxolod Tavadebs SeeZloT.
ufro adreul saukuneebSi
eklesia-monastrebSi moRvawe berebi, romlebic brwyinvale originalur nawarmoebebs qmnidnen
Tu SesaniSnavad Targmnidnen ucxour literaturas, ar viciT maindamainc aznauriSvilebi iyvnen
Tu ara, monasterSi xSirad mcirewlovnobidan moRvaweobdnen wmida mamebi, maT Soris
iqnebodnen sxvadasxva fenidan gamosulebi. wmida mamebis TqmiT, mxolod saeklesio piria
namdvili aznauri-Tavisufali (`aznaurobiTa miT, qristem rom gaaaznaura�).
mecxramete saukunis bolodan ubralo
aznaurebmac SeZles SvilebisaTvis kargi ganaTlebis micema da Sedegic brwyinvalea(daviT
kldiaSvili, leo qiaCeli(Sengelaia), konstantine gamsaxurdia da sxvebi).
Tanamedroveobam kargad daamtkica, rom
qarTvelTa nebismieri fenis Svilebi, kargi ganaTlebisa da Sesabamisi pirobebis SemTxvevaSi,
SeZleben gaxdnen brwyinvale sazogado moRvaweebi, mecnierebi Tu mwerlebi, maT Soris
araaristokratiuli gvarebis STamomavlebic (vaJa fSavela, galaktion tabiZe, tician tabiZe,
giorgi leoniZe, akaki SaniZe, revaz baramiZe, viktor nozaZe, Salva maRlakeliZe, ana
kalandaZe da sxva mravali). es mxolod erTi saukunis ganmavlobaSi. momavalSi ufro
gamoCndeba qarTvelTa niWiereba.
Tu
gvsurs, rom saqarTveloSi aRdges monarqia da mefe iyos Zlieri, Tanabari unda iyos yvela da
yvelas unda SeeZlos damsaxurebisamebr mefisgan jildos _ wodebis miReba, romelic ar gadaecema
memkvidreobiT.
saqarTveloSi
sapatio wodeba unda hqondes mxolod mefis
ojaxs, patriarqs, mRvdelmTavrebs da aramemkvireobiT, msaxureul elitas.
vin unda
gaxdes saqarTvelos mefe
saqarTvelos
mefeTa_mefis taxtis aRdgenis msurvelebs Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa, vin unda gaxdes
saqarTvelos mefe, romel Stos ekuTvnis wmida daviT mefsalmunisa da farnavazis gvirgvini,
romeli ojaxis wevria Rirsi avides kurTxeul taxtze, romeli bagrationia umetesad legitimuri
da a. S. azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs, magram am sakiTxze arafrisdidebiT ar SeiZleba
kamaTi, debatebi, urTierTadapirispireba.
saqarTvelos
mtrebi moisurveben mefobis aRdgenis mSvenieri idea Segvilaxon politikuri piarebiT da sxva
teqnologiebiT, amitom, aqedanve unda gavarkvioT yvelaferi.
Cveni
azriT, kompententuri istorikosebis, samarTalmcodneebis, Tavad gvaris da, rac mTavaria,
patriarqis mier gairkveva, Tu romeli Sto aris legitimuri da romeli ojaxi.
gansakuTrebuli
roli am saqmeSi patriarqs ekuTvnis.
rodesac patriarqis gansakuTrebul rolze
vlaparakobT, yvelas unda gvaxsovdes, rom igulisxmeba Tavad taxti, RvTis mier am qveynad
misi moadgilisaTvis, saqarTveloSi, mcxeTaSi dadgenili, taxtis madli da Zala, da
suliwmindis mier am taxtisaTvis gamorCeuli mRvdelmTavari, msoflio xuT did patriarqTagani.
gvwams,
rom saqarTvelos samefo taxtisaTvis, aseve
suliwmidis mier gamoirCeva rCeuli bagrationi _ `mraval arian warCinebulni, xolo rCeulni
mcired.�
Zvel
saqarTveloSi, iberiaSi da kolxeTSic, samefo taxtze adiodnen ufrosobis, uxucesobis,
gamorCeulobis kanoniT, samefo sagvareulos warmomadgenlebi.
amgvar
wess Tavisi upiratesoba hqonda, taxtze ojaxis TanxmobiT, sagvareulos TanxmobiT adioda
gamocdili, Wkviani, Zlieri pirovneba. yvelafri garkveuli iyo. mis Semdeg taxts daikavebda
kvlav uxucesi.
qarTlSi
(iberiaSi) mefobis gauqmebis Semdgom es wesi miviwyebas mieca. Semdgom amisa, damkvidrda
taxtis aucilebel memkvidred ufrosi vaJis miCnevis wesi. es wesi mraval qveyanaSi iyo
gavrcelebuli. am kanonsac aqvs upiratesoba:
pirveli, iTvleba, rom RmerTi mefis ufros vaJs Casaxvisas mouvlens gansakuTrebul talantebs,
madls; meore, _ memkvidre aRizrdeboda, rogorc momavali mefe. mxolod igi izrdeboda ase, da
es garkveul upiratesobas aZlevda mas. sxva yvela, maT Soris Zmebic, misi ymebi iyvnen.
qveynisaTvis es kargi iyo.
wmida
daviT aRmaSenebelma scada Zveli iberiul_kolxuri uxucesobis wesis aRdgena: `ukeTu varg iyos
cvata, mefed yos Semdgom Tvisa�_o, daibara Tavisi memkvidris, demetre I-is misamarTiT
umcrosi Zis Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, demetrem kolxur-iberiuli wesi �ar gaiziara� (rogorc
Cans, daviT aRmaSenebeli winaswar Wvretda movlenebs). demetrem arc dadgenili, ufrosi Zis
wesi moiwona, ris gamoc igi ufrosma vaJma daviT V-m gadaayena taxtidan. Tumca demetre
daviT mexuTis uecari, moulodneli, udroo sikvdilis mere taxtze dabrunda, Tavisi meore
Svili, giorgi III gamoacxada Tanamosaydred da ara daviTis Ze demna (dimitri), romelsac
taxti ekuTvnoda legitimurad, ufrosi Zis principiT, da Tavadac male uecrad, moulodnelad
gardaicvala.
giorgi
III-m daarRvia, rogorc ufrosi Zis, aseve uxucesis da vaJis gamefebis principebi, yvela
erTad. 1177
marTalia,
giorgi III-m taxtze aiyvana wmida Tamar mefe, Cveni erT-erTi udidesi imperatori da deda da
am gadawyvetilebam droebiT gaamarTla, magram legitimuri memkvidris mokvlis codvam
saqarTvelo dasca.
giorgi
III-is SemoRebuli wesi qalis taxtze ayvanisa,
mxolod maSin SeiZleba iyos misaRebi, Tu sxva
memkvidre ojaxs aRar hyavs (Tumca didebulebma Tamars mainc `tomiT bagrationi� daviT
soslani mohgvares qmrad, raTa gvari srulyofilad gagrZelebuliyo). sxva SemTxvevaSi qalis
taxtze ayvana ar SeiZleba. rusudan mefem es kargad dagvimtkica. rusudanis dros iberiul_kolxuri da ufrosi Zis wesebi
aRreul-damaxinjebuli iyo.
kolxur_iberiuli
wesic unda gamovricxoT, radgan SeuZlebelia saqarTveloSi yvela bagrationi aRizardos samefod
da maTgan irCeodes mefe.
legitimizmis
kanonebis mixedviT taxti unda gadadiodes ufros Zeze. aseT SemTxvevaSi mefis ufrosi vaJi
samefod aRizrdeba sapatriarqoSi, rogorc adre, Wyondidelis meTvalyureobiT da ufrosobiT
izrdeboda daviT aRmaSenebeli.
vfiqrob,
es sakiTxi garkveulia da aRar moiTxovs msjelobas. Cveni mizania gamovTqvaT azri imis
Sesaxeb, Tu mefobis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi vin unda avides orasi wlis manZilze daqvrivebul
samefo taxtze.
albaT
es unda moxdes legitimaciis, ufrosi Zis principiT, Tumca droisa da viTarebis gamo, mTlad
ufrosi ojaxis ufrosma Zem, SesaZloa uari Tqvas taxtze an uari Tqvas Tavisi Zis, momavali,
aRdgenili samefos pirveli mefis sapatriarqoSi aRzrdaze.
mTavari ki, Cveni azriT, aris is, rom taxtze
unda avides mefurad gazrdili. anu is vinc bavSvobidan gaizrdeba sapatriarqoSi mefed.
ucxo
garemoSi, ubralo garemoSi, araeklesiur, Cveulebriv ojaxSi, Tundac burbonebis,
bagrationebis da sxva ojaxebSi aRzrda qarTuli taxtisTvis ar aris sakmarisi.
gavixsenoT
istoria: daviT aRmaSenebeli gazarda Wyondidelma episkoposma giorgim da man Seqmna didi
saqarTvelo da Tavad gaxda wmidani. laSa_giorgi da, gansakuTrebiT, rusudani aRzarda
didgvarovanma mxargrZelma da rusudanma daamxo saqarTvelo, xolo laSa gulisTqmas ujerebda da
ara mefis valdebulebebs. valdebuleba mefisaTvis umTavresia.
amitom,
vfiqrobT, sruliad gamarTlebulia patriarqis gegma, rom sapatriarqoSi aRizardon bagrationTa
legitimuri Stois bavSvebi.
mere
ufali Tavad gamoarCevs mefes, suliwmidis meSveobiT, legitimurad.
sxvebi
SeiZleba dainiSnon (da memkvidreobiT gadaeceT) saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos,
uzenaesi sasamarTlos da sxva mniSvnelovani saxelwifo institutebis xelmZRvanelebad.
gvaxsovdes,
vinc ar iqneba gazrdili sapatriarqoSi, mas qarTveli
xalxi ar miiRebs mefed, samefod gazrdilsac
ki.
espaneTis
magaliTi mravlismetyvelia, iq Tu frankom da arqiepiskoposma gazardes xuan karlosi, CvenTan
uwmindesi da unetaresi aRzrdis sruliad saqarTvelos mefeTa mefes.
vin SeiZleba gaxdes saqarTvelos dedofali
dedoflis
pirovnebas aqvs udidesi mniSvneloba konstituciuri monarqiis qveynebSi.
Cven monarqiis aRdgena gvWirdeba ara imitom,
rom saTamaSo mefe da dedofala gvyavdes, aramed imitom, rom pirvelma ojaxma, pirvelma kacma
da pirvelma qalbatonma qveynisa, Seasrulon TavianTi erT-erTi umTavresi movaleoba _ iyvnen marTlmadideblobis, erovnulobisa da sikeTis
magaliTebi.
qveynis pirveli pirebis magaliTi
gansakuTrebulad gadamdebia mosaxleobisTvis, mniSvnelovania saxelmwifos prestiJisaTvis da
amitom, vfiqrobT, qarTuli samefosaTvis es sakiTxic unda damuSavdes.
Cveni ideali yovelTvis unda iyos didi
saqarTvelos, erTiani saqarTvelos periodis saukeTeso magaliTebi.
yovelTvis unda veridoT, erTiani
saqarTvelos daSlis Semdgomi iZulebiTi Tu gadagvarebis gamoisobiTi magaliTebi miviRoT wesad
da im wesebis aRorZinebaze vizrunoT.
qarTuli samefo unda daeyrdnos mxoloddamxolod
marTlmadideblur, saWiro tradiciebs da ara nebismiers. yoveli tradicia tradicia ar aris.
CvenTvis Rirebulia mxolod pirveladi tradiciebi.
amitom gamowvlilviT unda SeviswavloT, ra
gamogvadgeba Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi. Tanamedroveobam erTgvari koreqtivebi Seitana
adamianTa urTierTobaSi, msoflio politikaSi, saxelmwifoTa diplomatiaSi. amitom,
Tanamedroveobas angariSi unda gavuwioT.
saqarTvelos erTianobis dros, rogorc garkveuli aris
qarTul istoriografiaSi, saqarTvelos mefes ekrZaleboda qveSevrdomis colad moyvana.
saqarTvelos dedofali SeiZleba gamxdariyo mxolod mefuri warmomavlobis asuli. SesaZlebeli
iyo, rom mefis meuRle gamxdariyo vasali samefo ojaxis Svili, magram am ojaxs tituli
SenarCunebuli unda hqonoda, pirobiTad mainc. magaliTad, osTa samefoebi giorgi III-is dros
saqarTvelos vasalebi, ymadnaficebi iyvnen. giorgi III-es colad hyavda osTa erT-erTi mefis
asuli, burduxan dedofali. politikuri qorwinebebi aadvilebda saxelwifoTaSoriso
urTierTobebs.
es aucilebeli wesi iyo. misi darRveva moxda
laSa-giorgis mier, ufro sworad laSas hqonda amis mcdeloba, man veliscixeli glexis qali
daisva `dedoflad�. Tumca igi eklesiam ar scno, vinaidan ar iyo mefuri sisxlis da, rac
mTavaria, igi iyo qmriani. wlebis Semdgom laSas da glexis qalis Svilma, ulu daviTma SeZlo
taxtze asvla da misi Teslidan warmodgnen iseTi didi mefeebi, rogorebic iyvnen demetre
Tavdadebuli da giorgi brwyinvale. Tavad daviT ulu, aris legenda, rom gvelebma gamozardes,
roca tyved iyo jurRmulSi, TurqebTan.
manamde, taxtis memkvidre demna batoniSvils, giorgi
III-is ufrosi Zmis, daviT V�s Zes, colad hyavda orbelis qali. demnas taxti ekuTvnoda
legitimurad, giorgi III-es, biZamiss ara. aris varaudi, rom orbelis qali mas SerTes
specialurad, raTa misi qorwineba CaTvliliyo morganatulad, araTanasworuflebianad da mas
daekarga saqarTvelos samefo taxtze asvlis ufleba. aseTi varaudi SeiZleba davuSvaT, magram
vfiqrobT, rom qarTuli kanonebis mixedviT mefis qorwineba iyo gansazRvruli zneobrivi
kanonebiT da ara raime SezRudvebiT. miTumetes, rom sxva mamrobiTi sqesis memkvidre ar
hyavda im dros dinastias. anu, Tu mefe an memkvidre iTxovebda aramefuri sisxlis,
qveSevrdomis asuls, is ar kargavda uflebas taxtze asvilisa, rogorc ruseTSia, aramed, ubralod, mas unda hqonoda Segneba
imisa, rom qveSverdomze ar daqorwinebuliyo. amis dasturad migvaCnia 1177
Tumca, unda vivaraudoT, rom demnas qorwineba orbelTa
asulze, mTlad mowonebuli ar iyo didebulTa mxridan, miuxedavad imisa, rom legendis mixedviT
orbelebi CineTis (`WinTa�) xelmwifeebis STamomavlebad iTvlebodnen.
qveSevrdomze qorwinebas Zvelad hqonda bevri
uaryofiTi mxare. pirveli, Cveulebrivi moqalaqe, aramefuri sisxlisa xdeboda dedofali,
meore, dedoflis mama xdeboda mefis simamri da privilegirebuli. aseve, dedofalis da_Zmebic
privilegirebulni xdebodnen. es arRvevda balanss da saboloo jamSi xels uwyobda
aristokratiis mier mefis damarcxebas, rac marTlac ase moxda, da ramac gamoiwvia qveynis
daSla da dacema.
meore, umTavresi piroba dedoflis taxtze asasvlelad
iyo marTlmadideblobis aRmsarebloba. gamonaklisi erTiani saqarTvelos dros TiTqmis ar iyo am
sakiTxSi. garda imisa, roca Cvens mefeebs aiZulebdnen colad daesvaT monRoli yaenebisa da
noinebis asulebi. Tumca, zogierTi maTgani, albaT, gaqristianda. iseve, rogorc dedoflis
taxtze asvlamdis somexi princesebi an yivCaRTa umTavresis, aTraRa SaraRanisZis asuli
marTlmadideblurad moinaTlnen.
rogorc vTqviT, zogierT qveyanaSi ufliswuli kargavs
taxtze asvlis uflebas, Tu iqorwinebs Tavadis, aznauris, glexis asulze. aseTi magaliTebi
Tanamedrove msoflioSi Zalian mcirea da ar Rirs saubris gagrZeleba.
axla is dro ar aris, roca politikuri
qorwineba iyo umTavresi diplomatiuri nabiji dinastiaTa da amiT, samefoTa Soris problemebis
gadaWrisa. es iyo aucilebobiT ganpirobebuli, rac mere tradiciad damkvidrda.
meorec, marTlmadidebluri samefos dinastiebi arc ise
mravladaa, rom maT mier gamozrdili principebis Semyure darCes qarTuli taxti. ruseTTan aRar
SeiZleba, iq samefo ojaxs bagrationi imperatrica leonida xelmZRvanelobs, naTesavebi arian
da a. S. kaTolikur da protestantul qveynebSi ara marto religiaa sxva, aramed moralic.
garda amisa, arafrisdidebiT ar SeiZleba adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciiT aRiarebuli adamianebis Tanasworobis principis darRveva.
inglisSic ki ar aris akrZaluli aramefuri da araaristokratiuli warmoSobis asulis miyvana
samefo ojaxis rZlad Tu dedoflad, asevea evropis konstituciuri monarqiis sxva qveynebSi.
demokratiuli principebis darRveva dauSvebelia. ganviTarebul qveynebSi, evropaSi nebismieri
warmoSobis asuli SeiZleba gaxdes mefis an memkvidre princis meuRle. inglisSi aucileblad
iTvleba mxolod qalwuloba. espaneTis memkvidre princi sul axlaxans daqorwinda ubralo
warmomavlobis axalgazrda qalbatonze. magaliTebis CamoTvla Sors wagviyvans.
vfiqrobT, saqarTvelos mefe ar unda iyos am mxriv
SezRuduli. mas unda SeeZlos daqorwindes nebismier qarTvelze, qveSevrdomze, vinaidan RvTis
winaSe da saqarTvelos konstituciiT yvela qarTveli Tanasworia. mefes mxolod imitom
gamovarCevT bagration-farnavazianTagan, rom ase daadgina ufalma. sxva yvela Tanabaria.
mefes ar unda waerTvas siyvarulis ufleba.
rogorc vTqviT, bevr qveyanaSi asea da amarTlebs.
mTavari aris mamrobiTi xazis sisxlis mefuroba, gvaris bagratovnoba.
Tumca, garkveuli kriteriumebi, albaT,
mainc iqneba, momavali dedofali unda iyos marTlmorwmune marTlmadidebeli, eklesiuri,
gauTxovari, wesieri da patiosani warsulis mqone. danarCeni Tavad mefis asarCevia.
saqarTvelos momaval dedofalze bevri ram aris
damokidebuli. man afxazTa, qarTvelTa, osTa, somexTa da sruliad kavkasianTa mefeT_mefesTan
erTad mTel qarTvel xalxs da mTel kacobariobas unda misces magaliTi RvTismoSiSobis,
kacTmoyvareobis, sikeTisa da siyvarulisa.
vfiqrobT, sapatriarqoSi aRzrdili mefe Tavis
arCevanSi ar Secdeba. mas amis codnas Cveni mRvdelmTavrebi miscemen.
RmerTma qnas, saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis sapatriarqoSi male miiyvanon aRsazrdelad patara bagrationi,
romelic Tavisi pirveli nabijebiT da swavlaSi warmatebebiT gaaxarebs yvela qarTvelis guls,
da taxtze asvlisas mas patriarqTan erTad akurTxeben angelozebi, rogorc erT-erT qarTul freskazea gamosaxuli.
mefe _ mRvdeli
pirveli,
riTic unda iqnas saqarTvelos momavali mefeTa_mefis aRzrda dawyebuli, Cveni azriT, es aris
Zis Sewirva uflisadmi. qarTuli taxtis legitimuri ojaxis ufrosma sakuTari axladSeZenili Ze
unda Seswiros ufals saqarTvelos mefed.
ratom
Sewirva? aseTi praqtika cnobilia saqarTvelos istoriaSi. magaliTad: giorgi mTawmindeli
dabadebamdis Sewiruli iyo RvTisadmi. misma dedam gamocxadeba ixila, rom eyoleboda Ze, unda
ewodebina misTvis giorgi da Seewira RvTisaTvis. giorgi mTawmidelma udidesi samsaxuri
gauwia ufals, mamuls da mefes. daaxloebiT amgvarad Sewirulebi iyvnen samefod aRzrdili
Cveni didi mefeebi.
Sewiruli aris iseTi adamini, romelsac
sakuTari, pirovnuli survilebi TiTqmis aRar gaaCnia. igi bavSvobidanve SeeCvia maT
uaryofas, maT daTgrunvas da sakuTari sicocxle miZRvnili aqvs uflisadmi, saqmisadmi, romlis
meSveobiTac emsaxureba RmerTs.
Ze imitom unda Seswiros legitimuri ojaxis
ufrosma, rom dRes, saqarTveloSi da ucxoeTSic, ar cxovrobs iseTi bagrationi, romelic
samefod aris aRzrdili, samefod aRzrda ki mcirewlovnobidan iwyeba.
saqarTvelos momavali mefe bavSvobidan unda
cxovrobdes eklesiurad.
igi
bavSvobidanve unda icnobdes marTlmadideblobis dogmebs, kargad unda erkveodes
RvTismetyvelebaSi, icavdes sjulis kanonis wesebs.
saqarTvelos momavali imperatori, mefeTa_mefe
unda iyos marTlmadideblurad cxovrebis paradigma.
aseTi
aRzrda mas SeuZlia miiRos qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi, sapatriarqoSi, patriarqis
meTvalyureobiT. igi ise unda aRizardos, rogorc giorgi Wyondideli zrdida wmida mefe daviT
aRmaSenebels, romelsac evropelebma, misi Tavdadebuli da mtkice qristianuli cxovrebis gamo
uwodes mefe_mRvdelmTavari.
momavali mefisTvis aucilebelia brwyinvaled
codna qarTuli enisa. igi unda iyos tkbilqarTulad moubari. qarTveli pedagogebi, albaT,
amags ar daiSureben amisTvis. qarTuli enisa da literaturis jerovani Seswavla patara
bagrations SeaZlebinebs amas.
taxtis memkvidrem, momavalma mefem SesaniSnavad unda iswavlos
saqarTvelos istoria. Cven gvyavs Zalian kargi istorikosebi, romlebic am saqmes itvirTeben.
ufliswuli, albaT, unda swavlobdes Tbilisis
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis istoriis fakultetze. es fakulteti
filologiis fakultetTan erTad aris erT-erTi burjTagani Cveni erovnebisa.
garda amisa, mefe unda aRizardos meomrad.
axla Zveli dro ar aris, roca saqarTvelos mefeebs uwevdaT brZolaSi monawileobis miReba da
zogierTi maTgani daiRupa kidec dampyroblebTan Setakebisas. magram mamakacisaTvis,
qarTvelisaTvis aucilebelia samxedro saqmis codna. samxedro xelovnebis daufleba iwyeba
bavSvobidan, qarTuli sabrZolo teqnikis (�xridolis�), qarTuli Widaobis da a. S.
SeswavliT.
saqarTvelos momavali mefe, unda erkveodes
iurisprudenciaSi, ekonomikaSi, politikaSi, fsiqologiaSi da a. S. iaponiaSi imperatorze
amboben, rom mas yvelaze mZime samuSao aqvso, imitom, rom misi cxovreba movaleobaTa
Sesrulebaa. ase iyo saqarTveloSic Zvelad.
saqarTvelo SeZlebs patriarqis
xelmZRvanelobiT mefis aRmzrdelTa SesaniSnavi koleqtivi Seqmnas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos momavali samefo iqneba
konstituciuri monarqiis da ara absoluturi monarqiis saxelmwifo: `viTar vin aRracxnesa,
raodenni saqmeni eTxovebian mefobasa, raodenni marTebani da gansagebelni?�..
kaudilio frankom (am SemTxvevaSi is cudi
magaliTi ar aris) alfonso mecametis Zes, _ romelsac ekuTvnoda taxti, vinaidan misi ufrosi
Zma avad iyo, _ SesTavaza, rom gazrdida mis vaJs, xuan karloss samefod da aiyvanda taxtze.
taxtis memkvidres eyo Segneba da daTanxmda sakuTari Zis sasargeblod. frankosa da espaneli
klerikalebis meTvalyureobiT aRizarda dRevandeli monarqi, romelic agrerigad uyvarT
espanelebs.
rodesac vlaparakobT momavali mefis
eklesiaSi aRzrdaze, gvaxsendeba erT-erTi evropuli samefos taxtis memkidre, romelic
aRzrdilia ara eklesiurad, aramed fufunebiT da dinastias xSirad Crdils ayenebs. amitom,
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, CvenTvis,
qarTvelebisaTvis pirovnebis Tvisebebs aqvs. Tvisebebs ki wvrTna unda siyrmidan da
yoveldRiuri kontroli.
uZvelesi legendis mixedviT, aRmosavleTSi
cxovrobs mefe, romelic imavdros aris mRvdelic, mRvdelmTavari. mas hqvia king ioane presviteri. qristianebisaTvis yvelaze
umZimes dros es mRvdel_mefe daiZreba Tavisi uZleveli, Tumca mcirericxovani armiiT da
Tavisuflebasa da bednierebas moutans qristianebs.
idea erT pirovnebaSi mRvdlisa da mefis
Serwymisa, mimaniSnebelia imisa, rom qristianebs surT maTi mefe iyos mRvdeli, moZRvari,
samagaliTod qristeani da maTi mRvdeli iyos xelmwife.
erT
pirovnebaSi gaerTianebuli mefe_mRvdels marad elodnen qristeanebi. dasavleTSi, erTxel
warmoidgines, rom daviT aRmaSenebeli iyo ioane proto-presviteri. rac marTlac asea. man
gadaarCina jvarosnebi da ierusalimi alepos sulTnis il_Razisa da mTeli samahmadianos
Semotevisagan (1119
daviT aRmaSenebeli marTlac iyo
mefe_mRvdeli, imitomac, rom qveyanas marTavda oTx berTan erTad (kaTalikos_patriarqi,
afxazeTis kaTalikosi, moZRvarT_moZRvari arsen
iyalToeli da giorgi Wyondideli). daviT IV-em saxelmwifo dauqvemdebara eklesias, gaxada ra
Tavis aRmzrdeli, Wyondidis episkoposi umTavres vezirad_mwignobarTuxucesad.
`mRvdlad�
(eklesiis wiaRSi, WyondidelTan da kaTalikosTan) da mefed gazrdili daviT aRmaSenebeli Cveni
siamaye da magaliTia. Cven ukve viciT, kvlav mRvdel_mefe gvWirdeba.
saqarTvelos momavali mefe unda iyos
`mRvdeli� (Rudva wvas niSnavs, mrevlisaTvis sanTlisebr wvas), unda iyos moZRvari
(magaliTi da maswavlebeli) da unda iyos
xelmwife_damcveli, mfareveli da imedi saqristianosi.
kirile lavriotisis winaswarmetyvelebis
(apokalifsisis ekzegezas) mixedviT saqarTvelos eyoleba bagrationi imperatori: `glaxaki
mefe, rCeuli RvTisa,� romelic patriarqTan erTad daamyarebs `wmidaTa aTaswlovan mefobas�,
saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur imperias_axal ierusalims Seqmnis yoveli qristianisa da sxvebis
misabaZ magaliTad.
saprezidento instituti
anawevrebs, monarqia - aerTianebs
ukrainaSi
mimdinare procesebi ara marto mniSvnelovani da sainteresoa, aramed Wkuis saswavlic aris.
am
qveyanaSi rac xdeba, gadamwyvetia geopolitikuri TvalsazrisiT. albaT yvela xvdeba, rom
brZola mimdinareobs ramdenime aspeqtSi.
geopolitikuri
TvalsazrisiT, dasavleTs (evrokavSirs, natos, aSS-s) surs, maqsimalurad miuaxloos Tavisi
gavlena moskoveTis saxelmwifos. gamostacos mas gavlenis sferodan umniSvnelovanesi regionis
erT_erTi Camketi _ ukraina da aaSenos iq iseTi saxelmwifo, romelic dasayrdeni, placdarmi
iqneba antiimperiuli, antirusuli ZalebisaTvis.
ukrainelebisaTvis es
aris brZola ukrainisaTvis. prezidentobis kandidat iuSenkos momxreTa udidesi nawili
nacionalistia da kargad icis, Tu ruseTs ar gamostaces ukraina, maT nacias CamorCenili
rusuli ekonomikis gavlena, eTnikur-kulturuli degradacia da garuseba
nacionalistebis da
liberalebis interesebi dRes erTmaneTs emTxveva. Tu iuSenko gaimarjvebs, momavalSi
nacionalistebi da liberalebi erTmaneTs daejaxebian, es dajaxeba yvelaze mwvave iqneba
momavali saprezidento arCevnebis dros (savaraudod, nacionalistebis lideri iqneba iulia
timoSenko, romelsac mxars uWers una_unsos(ukrainis nacionaluri ansambleis(moZraobis)
lideri, andrei Skili).
TavisTavad cxadia,
iuSenkos momxreTa moZraoba dafinansebul-gapiarebulia (iqneb dagegmilic) dasavleTis
specsamsaxurebis mier, evro-amerikuli geopolitikuri skolebis davalebiT.
ukrainel
nacionalistebs amjerad awyobT dasavleTis finansebi da aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba.
imitom rom ianukoviCis da prorusuli Zalebis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi rusuli ena
gamocxaddeba meore saxelmwifo enad, moskovis sapatriarqos kievis samitropolito
gaZlierdeba. fexze veRar dadgeba ukrainuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia, romelic
avtokefaliisTvis ibrZvis (mas avtokefalia ekuTvnis, kievSi namyofia
ruseTma ukve moaxerxa
ukrainaSi mcxovrebi rusebis, garusebuli ukrainelebis, somxebis da sxvaTa mobilizeba Tavisi
kandidatis, ufro sworad, Tavisi interesebis garSemo.
dakvirvebis gareSe
SeiZleba Zneli dasanaxia, magram ukraina gaxleCis, samoqalaqo omis, katastrofis winaSe
dgas. ianukoviCis momxreTa wreebSi gaCnda idea samxreT_aRmosavleTis mxareebis �avtonomizaciis�
Sesaxeb. es idea damuSavebulia moskovSi. igi xorcieldeba prezidentobis kandidatis momxreTa
meSveobiT. rasakvirvelia, ianukoviCs gayalbebis saSualebiT arCevnebSi xmebi moumates,
raRac procenti, magram misi momxreebis ricxvi mainc milionobiTaa. rac metad xdeba iuSenkos
momxreTa egzaltacia, miT metad mwardebian ianukoviCis momxreebi. rac met da met warmatebas
miaRwevs iuSenko, miT metad daiZabeba situacia ukrainaSi.
dasavleTisa da
ruseTis specsamsaxurebi, rogorc Cans, yvelaferze midian. maTTvis mTavaria mizani, xolo
uk�rainis erTianoba, xalxis keTil�dReoba, ukraineli eris eTnikuri saxe maTTvis ara�fers
ar warmoadgens.
yvelaferi gadaejaWva erTmaneTs. es aris
samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZola ukrainul nacionalizmsa da rusul Sovinizms Soris; ukrainis
Tavisuflebis ideasa da rusul imperialistur ideas Soris; kievur_bizantiur kulturasa da
maskalur_monRolur kulturas Soris; aseve, ukraineli xalxis gamoyenebiT, es aris omi
amerikasa da ruseTs Soris ukrainis teritoriaze.
kidev kargi ukrainelebi ar arian CvensaviT
samxreTuli temperamentis, CvensaviT ficxebi, Torem aqamde samoqalaqo omi daiwyeboda
ukrainaSi.
Cveni dRevandeli statiis mizani aris,
yuradReba mivaqcioT erT_erT im saSualebas, romliTac axerxeben ucxoeTis specsamsaxurebi
qveynebze zemoqmedebas da Wkua viswavloT.
es saSualeba aris
prezidentis instituti. ukrainis brZnul politikur wreebSi ukve daiwyes fiqri pre�zidentis
institutis gauqmebaze. axla es SeuZlebelia. gviania. aRaravin daTmobs, arc moskovi da arc
vaSingtoni, arc ukrainis ambiciuri wreebi. arada es gamosavalia.
Tavis droze
ukrainaSi saprezidento institutis SemoReba aRqmul iqna, rogorc damoukideblobis kidev
erT-erTi atributi da berketi. magram drom daamtkica, rom prezidentis instituti miuRebelia.
saprezidento posti
amarTlebs iseT qveynebSi, sadac geopolitikuri bagirebi aqeT-iqiT ar aris gadasawevi, sadac
xalxis erovnul-eTnikuri Tavisufleba srulia an ar aris saWiro. sadac saxelmwifo resursi ar
gamoiyeneba arCevnebis gayalbebisaTvis, sadac ucxo qveynebis specsamsaxurebs gavlena ara
aqvT, da a. S. da a. S. aseTi qveyana ki TiTqmis erTaderTia _ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi.
Tu davakvirdebiT warmatebul da stabilur
qveynebs, iq ZiriTadad konstituciuri monarqia an saparlamento respublikebia.
saprezidento qveynebSi, ZiriTadad erTi
kacis arCeva wyvets yvelafers: sagareo, saSinao, socialur, eTnikur, kulturul da rac
mTavaria, geopolitikur da geoekonomikur kurss. amitom msoflios Zlieri qveynebi cdiloben,
zemoqmedeba moaxdinon im erTi gadamwyveti postis erT_erT kandidatze da gaiyvanon igi
prezidentad. garedan zemoqmedeba prezidentze (gayvanilze) ufro advilia, vidre
parlamentze da gansakuTrebiT mefeze. mefe isedac dabadebulia mefed, pirvel kacad da ar
sWirdeba fuli da piarebi, ucxoelebis daxmareba xelisuflebaSi mosasvlelad. igi tradiciul
wreebSi (samefo ojaxi, eklesia, erovnuli universiteti, erovnuli samxedro akademia) izrdeba
da, amgvarad, sisxlSi mosdgams eTnikur-kulturuli interesebis dacva naciisa, Riad Tu
farulad. Tan misi xelisufleba SezRu�dulia, konstituciuria.
konstituciuri
monarqiis da saparlamento wyobis SemTxvevaSi, qveyanaze zemoqmedeba ucxo qveynis
specsamsaxurebs saprezidento mmarTvelobasTan SedarebiT uZneldebaT. parlaments ZiriTadad
akompleqtebs 3_4 an meti politikuri Zala. rac gamoricxavs mxolod oris, anu radikalurad
dapirispirebulebis, Sejaxebas da naciis gaxleCas. aseT SemTxvevaSi qveynis mmarTveli
aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba (premier_ministri da misi gundi) umetes wilad dakompleqtebuli
aris xolme koaliciurad, anu parlamentSi Sesul sxvadasxva politikur ZalTa erTobliobiT.
premieris (da misi gundis) xelisuflebaSi yofnis vada ar aris gansazRvruli maincdamainc
raime vadiT, gansxvavebiT prezidentisagan da premieris gadayeneba SesaZlebelia nebismier
dros. misi adgili yovel wuTs SeuZlia daikavos misive partiis Tu koaliciis sxva wevrma.
prezidenti ki arCeuli vadis ganmavlobaSi faqtobrivad xelSeuxebelia, rac ar unda Secdoma
dauSvas da danaSauli Caidinos.
ucxoeTis
specsamsaxurebs erT kacze da erT gundze uadvildebaT zemoqmedeba, xolo parlamentze da
mefeze zemoqmedeba Zneldeba. gansakuTrebiT es iTqmis mefeze, romelsac araviTari
valdebuleba ara aqvs ucxouri specsamsaxurebis winaSe.
SevardnaZes gacilebiT
advilad da adre �moviSorebdiT�, igi rom yofiliyo premier ministri da saqarTveloSi rom
ar arsebobdes prezidentis posti (e. i. saqarTvelo naklebad daingreoda) da naklebi
Zalaufleba Cauvardeboda saakaSvils xelSi. erTi kacis xelSi didi Zalauflebis koncentracia
saSiSia.
saakaSvili, damijereT,
Seecdeba yvela meTodiT SeinarCunos posti aTi weli 2014 wlamde. 2008
Tu gvinda, Cveni mosaxleoba kvlav ar
gaiyos orad, iseve rogorc adre _ CvenTan da axla _ ukrainaSi, Tu gvinda, ucxo qveynebis
specsamsaxurebs naklebi gavlena hqondeT saqarTveloze; Tu gvinda qarTveli xalxis didi
erTianoba, unda daviwyoT zrunva saxifaTo prezidentis institutis gauqmebaze da daviwyoT
fiqri saqarTveloSi samefos aRdgenasa da mis damkvidrebaze konstituciuri monarqiis saxiT.
vis daunaTesavdnen da daumoyvrdnen
bagrationebi
erTxel, Turme mefe Teimuraz I-ma sadilze stumrad
miiwvia saqarTveloSi myofi cnobili frangi mogzauri Sardeni. sadilis bolos mefes
stumrisTvis ukiTxavs: �rogor aris Cemi naTesavi, espaneTis mefe?� da misi sadRegrZelo
Seusvavs.
�didxans vfiqrobdi� _ aRniSnavs Jak Sardeni _
�rogor SeiZleba mefe Teimurazi iyos espaneTis mefis naTesavi da mivxvdi, rom is iziarebs
avtorTa umetesobis mosazrebas, rom espanelebi warmoSobiT iberielebi arian. me vkiTxe
kapucinebs, rogor esmis mefes es naTesaoba. maT mipasuxes, rom urban VII Tavis werilebSi
Teimuraz mefis mimarT moixseniebs saqarTvelos mefes, rogorc filipe II naTesavs, xolo
iberebsa da espanelebs uwodebs Zmebs... Teimurazi da misi garemocva amayobda da amayobs am
naTesaobiT.�
rac Seexeba naTesavebs, bagrationebi
danaTesavebulni iyvnen Zveli dinastiebis warmomadgenlebTan, bizantiis dinastiebTan
(paleologosebTan, komnenebTan (Tumca aris varaudi, rom komnenebi lazuri warmomavlobis
arian), dukebTan, botinaitebTan da sxvebTan. aseve, armenTa, ovsTa, yivCayTa, monRolTa,
CerqezTa, daRestnelTa, yabardoelTa, erayelTa, osmalTa da iranis dinastiebTan).
yvelaze metad, mainc, qarTveli mefeebisTvis
saintereso evropeli mefeebi iyvnen _ bizantia aRar arsebobda, monRolebi daecnen, yivCaRebi
aiTqvifnen, xolo osmalebTan da iranelebTan naTesaoba iZulebiTi iyo. musulmanebTan
danaTesavebas didad dadebiTi Sedegebi ar mohyveboda xolme.
gavida ramodenime saukune da Teimurazis
naTqvami axda. bagratovanTa gvaris warmomadgeneli irakli giorgis Ze muxraneli (1909-1977)
gaxda espaneTis samefo saxlis siZe. man iqorwina espaneTis samefo saxlis wevris, infant
don fernandos, bavariis princis qaliSvilze, espaneTis infanta, bavariis princesa mersedes
bavariel-burbonze. bavariis princi ferdinandi iyo espaneTis mefis alfonso XII-is
qaliSvilis maria terezas Svili. amasTan, bavariis princi Camomavali iyo bavariis
hercogebisa, gvarad vitelsbaxi. maria terezas deda iyo habsburgTa warmomadgeneli.
pirveli msoflio omis mere, 1918
sxvaTaSoris, saxelovani generlis Salva
maRlakeliZis gadmocemiT, vilhem imperators dagegmili hqonda, ruseTis imperiis damarcxebis
Semdgom, aRedgina saqarTvelos samefo da mis mefed gamoecxadebina Tavisi Svili ioaximi.
ioaximisTvis SerCeuli iyo, Turme, sacolec, maCablis qali. gadmocemiT ioaximi ecnoboda
saqarTvelos istorias, icvavda xolme Coxas. germaniaSi imperatoris daxmarebiT Seqmnili iyo
saqarTvelos gaTavisuflebis komiteti.
cnoba maCablis qalze zusti ar unda iyos,
radgan ioaxims 1916
germaneli imperatorebis daintereseba saqarTveloTi
Zvel warsulSi iwyeba. imperator fridrix `barbarosas�, gvarad hohenStaufens, Tavisi
memkvidre princisTvis filipe SvabelisTvis uTxovia Tamar mefis xeli(hohenStaufenebi Svabiis
hercogebi iyvnen). maSin germaneli da qarTveli samefo ojaxebis danaTesaveba ar moxda.
Tamar mefis meuRle gaxda ovsTa mefis vaJi, `tomiT bagrationi� daviT soslani.
irakli bagration-muxranelis daqorwinebiT
infanta mesrsedesze aRsrulda Teimuraz mefis sityvebi. gangeba ucnauria, maindamainc
espanelebs da germanelebs daunaTesavdnen bagrationebi pirvel rigSi, evropaSi. espaneTs
dasavleTis
(frangi
burbonebis es Sto 1700
manamde irakli bagrations colad hyavda italieli
didgvarovnebis graf ugo da grafinia henrieta paskvinebis asuli maria antuaneta. am
qorwinebidan irakli bagrations hyavs vaJi giorgi, romelic daibada 1944
giorgi bagrations hyavs oTxi Svili, irakli
(dabadebuli 1972
irakli bagrationis meore meuRle infanta mersedesi, rogorc vTqviT
iyo espaneTis mefis asuli. misi Zma,
espaneTis mefe alfonso XIII,
romelsac colad hyavda didi britaneTis
dedoflis viqtorias
SviliSvili, 1931
respublika.
1939
socialisturi respublika da qveyanaSi
damyarda kaTolikuri principebis
nacionalisturi xelisufleba, romelsac
`falangistur� reJims
(mmarTveli nacionalisturi partiis
saxelis mixedviT), an frankos
diqtaturas uwodeben.
qveynis
meTaurma (kaudilio) generalma, didgvarovanma frankom
saxelmwifoSi daamyara mkacri
disciplina. frankom espaneTi gadaarCina
meore msoflio omSi monawileobisagan.
amiT qveyana gadarCa ngrevas,
uamrav adamianur msxverpls, okupacias
gamarjvebuli amerikelebisa da
ingliselebisagan. rac mTavaria
qveyana gadarCa daSlas.
frankos kargad esmoda, rom misi sikvdilis
Semdeg qveyana unda dadgomoda demokratiisa da erovnulobis iseT gzas, romelic
daakmayofilebda mis momxreebsac da uamrav mowinaaRmdegeebs, romelnic mis sicocxleSi,
marTalia, xmas ver iRebdnen, magram misi sikvdilis mere aucileblad wamohyofdnen Tavs.
amitom, gadawyvita monarqiis aRdgena. man espaneTis yofili mefis Svils don xuans SesTavaza
misi Zis, xuan karlosis samefod aRzrda da Tavis (kaudilios) memkvidred gamocxadeba. don
xuani daTanxmda.
unda iTqvas, rom evropaSi im dros moxda kidev
erTi saintereso faqti,
rogorc
gviambo qalbatonma manana xomerikma, 1948 wels, ruseTis imperiis taxtis memkvidrem
vladimer kiriles Ze romanovma iqorwina irakli bagrationis daze, leonida giorgis asul
bagration-muxranelze.
didi mTavari vladimeri iyo vaJi ruseTis
imperatoris aleqsandre meoris Zis vladimeris Zis kirilesi, romelmac emigraciaSi 1922 wels
Tavi gamoacxada `taxtis damcvelad�, xolo mas mere, rac dadasturda taxtis ufro axlo
pretendentebis, nikoloz II-is Zis, aleqsis da aleqsandre II-is Zis, mixeilis mkvlelobis
faqtebi, kirili vladimeris Zem 1924 wlis 31 agvistos manifestiT Tavi imperatorad, xolo
Svili, vladimeri memkvidred da cesareviCad gamoacxada.
1938
1946
vladimeris deda iyo saqs-koburg-goTas princesa
viqtoria, inglisis dedoflis viqtorias SviliSvili. 1918
vladimer romanovs da leonida bagrations hyavT
qaliSvili maria. igi 1976
maria romanovas da mixeil hohencolerns hyavT
vaJiSvili giorgi, ruseTis taxtis memkvidre.
dedofal viqtorias SviliSvili iyo mefe xuan karlosis
bebia, alfonso XIII-is coli, beatrisi.
irakli bagrations meore qorwinebidan hyavs ori
Svili, bagrati (daibada 1949
bagrat bagrations hyavs vaJi ioane (1977w) da
qaliSvili inesa (1980).
espaneTSi mcxovrebi bagrationebi enaTesavebian
erekle meoris STamomavlebsac. qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle II-is asuli qeTevani colad hyolia
ivane muxran-batons, maT Svils erqva konstantine, konstantines vaJs erqva erekle, erekles
Zes erqva aleqsandre. aleqsandre muxraneli iyo irakli bagrationis mamis giorgis mama.
irakli bagrationis dedis elene zlotnickaias deda iyo erekle mefis STamomavlis, elizbar
erisTavis asuli mariami.
espaneTis dRevandel mefes, xuan karlos colad hyavs
saberZneTis yofili mefis da sofia, igi aris gliuksburgebis gvaridan. daniis am samefo
gvaris warmomadgenlebi, aseve gamefdnen saberZneTsa da norvegiaSi.
xuan karlosi Turme did pativs scemda irakli
bagrations, mas biZias eZaxda. did pativs scems mefe giorgi bagrationsac da igi biZaSvilad
miaCnia. Tumca misi namdvili biZaSvili giorgi ar aris. bagrati da mariami ki arian xuan
karlosis papis dis SviliSvilebi. giorgi bagrationis ojaxi marTlmadidebelia. aseve
marTlmadideblurad monaTlula mariam bagrationic. irakli bagrations madridSi dauarsebia
qarTuli eklesia. bagrat bagrationis vaJs, rogorc viciT, surs moinaTlos qarTulad.
ase daunaTesavdnen da daumoyvrdnen uZvelesi gvaris
warmomadgenlebi
gacilebiT axalgazrda evropul samefo gvarebs.
bagrationTa romeli
Stodan da ra gvaris unda iyos saqarTvelos momavali mefe
monarqistTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaoba
arsebobs taxtis memkvidris Taobaze. garda amisa, uamrav adamians Tavisi politikuri
TviTSegnebis srul gamonarqistebaSi xels uSlis is, rom ar aris cnobili pirovneba, romlis
garSemoc unda dairazmos sruliad saqarTvelos konstituciur-monarqistuli Zalebi.
principSi, es marTlac Zalian mniSvnelovani
winaRobaa, xelisSemSleli pirobaa moZraobisaTvis.
Tumca unda gvaxsovdes, rom
konstituciur-monarqistuli wyoba perspeqtivis sakiTxia. amitom umTavresia qarTveli xalxis
mier principuli gadawyvetilebis miReba _ taxtis aRdgenis Sesaxeb.
danarCeni, droisa da memkvidris aRzrdis
sakiTxi, advilad gadasaWreli iqneba. zrdasruli adamiani am saqmisTvis ar gamodgeba.
saqarTvelos realobaSi sul oriode Stos
SeiZleba hqondes obieqturi pretenzia taxtze asvlisa.
erT-erTia, nugzar petres Ze
bagration-gruzinskis ojaxi, romelsac, samwuxarod vaJiSvilebi ar hyavs. es ojaxi aris
qarTl-kaxeTis ukanaskneli mefis, giorgi XII-is pirdapiri memkvidre.
aseve, espaneTSi mcxovrebi giorgi irakli Ze
bagration-muxranbatonis ojaxi, romelsac sami vaJi hyavs (da erTi ZmisSvili). es ojaxi aris
erTiani saqarTvelos mefis, aleqsandre I didis meore vaJis, dimitris Zis konstantine meoris
memkvidre (aleqsandre didis Semdeg gamefda misi ufrosi vaJi, vaxtang IV, igi gadaego
uZeod, Semdgom taxtze avida giorgi VIII. giorgize ufrosi Zma, vaxtangis momdevno dimitri
gardacvlili iyo. dimitris Svili konstantine (SemdegSi konstantine II) mcirewlovani
gaxldaT. giorgi VIII-m erTiani saqarTvelos taxti dakarga da kaxeTSi gamefda. konstantine
II-is xazi mere Sewyda, xolo meore vaJis, bagratis, romelic muxranbatonTa Stos fuZemdebeli
iyo, pirdapiri memkvidre aris giorgi iraklis
Ze muxranbatoni.
1490
1790
gangebam ineba da saqarTvelos gasabWoebis
mere emigraciaSi moxvdnen muxranbatoni giorgi da misi vaJi irakli, romelic maSindelma
tradicionalistTa kavSirma taxtis memkvidred gamoacxada.
irakli bagrationi gaxda espaneTisa da
bavariis samefo ojaxebis siZe, xolo misi da, leonida ruseTis imperiis taxtis memkvidris,
vladimer kiriles Zis meuRle.
didi pativiT unda movixsenioT imereTis
mefeebi da STamomavlobac, Tumca erTiani saqarTvelos taxti, Cvenis azriT, maT ar ekuTvniT.
garda am sami Stosi, bagrationTa sxva Stoebs,
miuxedavad maTdami didi pativiscemisa, pirdapiri memkvidreoba taxtisa ar gaaCniaT.
bevri morwmune, marTlmadidebeli mkvlevari
ambobs, rom saqarTvelos ubedureba, daSla-daqucmaceba imis bralia, rom dairRva legitimizmis
principi, jer giorgi III-m taxti waarTva ZmisSvils, demnas da mokla igi, giorgi VIII-m
taxti waarTva ZmisSvils, konstantines da sxva.
ase rom, legitimizmis princips isev unda
daveyrdnoT, Tumca yvelaferi uflis xelSia. rogor moisurvebs RmerTi, ar viciT, Cven mxolod
Cvens azrs gamovTqvamT, romelsac eTanxmeba qarTvel monarqistTa farTo wre.
yvela dameTanxmeba, rom saqarTvelos realobaSi
gvaris gagrZeleba mxolod mamakacuri xaziT SeiZleba. wmida Tamar mefis magaliTi aq ar
gamodgeba (am sakiTxze saubris gagrZeleba arc aris saWiro).
aqedan gamomdinare, Cven, Tanamedrove
qarTvelebma, SegviZlia gavimeoroT saqarTvelos istoriaSi arsebuli brwyinvale magaliTi:
erTiani saqarTvelos momavali pirveli mefe, bagrat III iSvila uZeo daviT III kurapalatma.
aseve, afxazeTis uZeo mefem, Teodosim, Tavisi diswuli, igive bagrat III gamoacxada Tavis
memkvidred.
Sedegad saqarTvelo gaerTianda. qarTvelebi ar
viarsebebdiT albaT, rom ara im SesaniSnav mamuliSvilTa, aseve ioane maruSisZisa da sxva,
dReisaTvis ucnobebi patriotebis, vaJkacuri saqcieli.
vinaidan gruzinskebis memkvidres, baton
nugzars, mxolod qaliSvilebi hyavs, kargi iqneba Tu igi iSvilebda giorgi
bagration-muxranbatonis ufros vaJs, iraklis, romlis Zec mere avidoda taxtze (an iraklis
momaval Zes). vimeorebT, zrdasruli adamiani am saqmisTvis ar gamodgeba.
baton nugzar bagration-gruzinskis unda
mieniWos regentis wodeba da pativi.
aseTive pativi da wodeba, Cemis azriT, unda
mieniWos imereTis taxtis memkvidres, bagrationTa sagvareulo saxlis Tavmjdomares, qalbaton
nino bagration-imeretinskaias.
rasakvirvelia, umTavresi regenti iqneba
saqarTvelos patriarqi (maT garda ramdenime damsaxurebul monarqistsac unda mieniWos
regentis wodeba).
garda amisa, saqarTveloSi, samefo taxtis
aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi, romelic mere memkvidreobiT gadava, unda Seiqmnas kidev ori
memkvidreobiTi instituti, romlebsac saTaveSi Caudgebian gruzinskebisa da imeretinskebis
ufrosi ojaxebis ufrosebi. Cvenis azriT, aseTi memkvidrobiTi Tanamdeboba SeiZleba iyos
uzenaesi da sakonstitucio sasamarTloebis xelmZRvanelTa postebi.
Tu kargad davakvirdebiT Cvens winadadebas,
mivxvdebiT, rom, pirveli _ samefo taxtis Zveli prerogativa sasamarTlo xelisuflebisa
aRsdgeba, simbolurad; da meore _ vinaidan saqarTveloSi ar iarsebebs aristokratiuli wodeba,
rogorc amas moiTxovs `adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia�, ase dafasdeba bagrationTa gvaris sxvadasxva Sto.
bagrationebs ki `jer Tavisi sityva bolomde ar uTqvamT� (sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos
patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II).
es Cveni pozicia demokratiuli, Tanamedrove da
kategoriulia. Tu iqneba mcdeloba saqarTveloSi monarqiasTan erTad aristokratiis pativis da
privilegiebis aRdgenisa, Cven umZvinvaresi mteri gavxdebiT aseTi ideologiisa.
garda amisa, im pirovnebam, romelic ava
aRdgenil samefo taxtze, da misma pirdapirma memkvidreebma, unda miiRon gvarad sxva, ubralo
bagrationebisagan gansxvavebuli forma, raTa gamoirCeodes ganaxlebuli samefo dinastia.
saqarTvelos istoriaSi aris cnobili, rom wmida
mefsalmune daviT winaswarmetyvelis STamomavali bagrationebi daunaTesavdnen qarTlis samefos
fuZemdeblis, farnavazis Camomavlebs, farnavazianebs. gvaram erismTavari mamiT iyo
bagrationi, dediT farnavaziani, vaxtang gorgaslis SvilisSvili. farnavazianebi iyvnen
qarTvelTa eTnarqis, qarTlosis (qardus) pirdapiri memkvidreebi.
vfiqrobT, saqarTvelos momavali mefeebi unda
iyvnen bagration-farnavazianebi.
gaioz(gia)
mamalaZe
daibada
1964
hyavs
meuRle da qaliSvili.