gaioz

gaioz (gia) mamalaZe
samkaulni da siqadulni qarTvelTa

rogor gadaiqca somexTa goliaTi mefe Rorad

Cveni welTaRricxviT 260 wels sparselebma romaelebi daamarcxes. isini Cvens regionSi gabatondnen. armenuli dinastiis mefe tiridati romSi gaiqca. `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ tiridati cnobilia, rogorc `Ze kosaros somexTa mefisa, saxeliT Trdat... da iyo igi goliaTi~. saqarTvelo samefo taxts inarCunebda, Tumca igi aRiarebda sparseTis hegemonias regionSi da iZulebuli iyo, misi mokavSire yofiliyo.
284 wels romis imperatori gaxda wmida giorgis mawamebeli dioklitiane. dioklitianem Tanaimperatorad maqsimiane daisva. orive avgustusis tituls atarebda. dioklitianem moadgile keisrad galeriusi gamoacxada, maqsimianem ki _ konstancius xlorusi. es iyo `tetrarqia~, oTxTa mmarTveloba.
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, mirian mefe flobda qarTls, somxeTs, rans, hereTs, movakans da adarbadagans. roca igi darubandSi iyo wasuli xazarebis mosagerieblad, romis imperias veluri germanuli tomebi Seesivnen. brZolis velze guTebis mefem romaelTa erT-erT keisars erTi erTze Serkineba mosTxova. keisarma xriki ixmara, Tavisi jaWv-saWurveli somexTa mefis goliaT Zes Trdats (tiridats) Caacva da Tavis magivrad gauSva germanelTa beladTan sabrZolvelad. Trdatma daamarcxa guTi da Seipyro. germanelebi gaiqcnen.
romaelebma daufases Trdats. keisarma jari misca da armeniaSi gamoagzavna. Trdatma isargebla sparseTSi taxtisTvis atexili ZmaTaSorisi omiT da somxeTis taxti daibruna, Tumca droebiT. mas kvlav mouwia romSi gaqcevam.
im periodSi kabadokiaSi cxovrobda warCinebuli zabuloni, wmida giorgis megobari da naTesavi. unda vivaraudoT, rom igi iyo warmoSobiT mosxi-mesxi, elinizebuli. zabuloni Sevida maqsimianes samsaxurSi, romelic romis imperiis dasavleT nawilebs ganagebda. zabulonma frankebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi Tavi gamoiCina, rogorc mxedarma da sardalma. man daamarcxa galebi da frankebi. Semdeg gamosTxova maTi beladebis sicocxle maqsimianes da romis papis kurTxeviT frankTa tomebi qristes sjulze moaqcia. amis mere zabuloni dabrunda kabadokiaSi, iqorwina ierusalimis momavali patriarqis daze sosanaze, romelic aseve, albaT, mosxi iyo. maT SeeZinaT asuli nino.
maqsimiane keisars mravali Tavgadasavali gadaxda. igi dioklitianeze aranakleb veragi da gaiZvera iyo, qristianTa mdevneli da matyuara, Tumca naklebad niWieri. maqsimianem bolos Tavi moikla, radgan konstantine xlorusis Zes da memkvidres _ konstantine imperators ganZi mohpara da aujanyda. konstantine misi siZe iyo, man moxuci maqsimiane, sakuTari Zis _ maqsenciusis mier devnili, Seiwynara. Tumca maqsimianem RalatiT upasuxa. konstantine imperatorma 313 wels gamosca milanis ediqti, riTac dasrulda qristianTa devna da qristianoba oficialur religiad gamocxadda. konstantine Tavadac moinaTla, Caatara msoflio saeklesio kreba, dedasTan, elene dedofalTan erTad gaaqristiana romis imperiis didi nawili da saberZneTi. qristianulma samyarom konstantine da elene wmindanebad aRiara, miuxedavad imisa, rom konstantine gaqristianebamde didad codvili iyo. Tavisi Svilic ki mokla.
meTerTmete saukuneSi safrangeTSi, marselSi ipoves maqsimianes sarkofagi. misi dabalzamebuli, kargad Senaxuli cxedari marselis arqiepiskoposis brZanebiT, rogorc qristesa da konstantines mteri, zRvaSi gadaagdes. legendis mixedviT, sadac qristianTa veragi mtris gvami Cavarda, zRva ganuwyvetliv mZvinvarebs qariSxlisgan.
298 wels galeriusma daamarcxa sparseTi. nisibinis zaviT iberia, somxeTi da mesopotamia romaelTa gavlenis qveS aRmoCnda. Trdatma taxti daibruna.
amis Semdgom, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, konstantine imperatormac daamarcxa sparselebi da maTi mokavSire mirian III, iberiis (qarTlis) mefe. mirianma mas Tavisi Ze baqari misca mZevlad.
miriani da Trdati didxans mtrobdnen erTmaneTs. xan miriani aoxrebda armenias, xan Trdati esxmoda Tavs qarTls. verc erTs ver gaemarjva. verc veravin mokla Trdati, rameTu iyo didad Zlieri, goliaTi. bolos konstantine keisris CareviT dazavdnen da damoyvdrdnen miriani da Trdati. mirianis Ze revi daaqorwines Trdatis asul salomeze. sazRvaric konstantinem ganuCina maT. is teritoriebi, romelzedac mdinareebi miemarTebian samxreTiT da SeerTvian araqss, armeniis sakuTrebad gamocxadda, xolo is miwa-wyali, romlis mdinareebic CrdiloeTiT miedinebian da mtkvars SeerTvian, qarTlad iqna aRiarebuli. sxvaTa Soris, es im droisTvis eTnikurad samarTliani da geostrategiulad gamarTlebuli iyo. amis mere qarTls da armenias bambakis mTebi yofda. samwuxarod, dRes ase aRaraa.
ninos mSoblebi zabuloni da sosana monasterSi Sedgnen. ninoze misi biZa, ierusalimis patriarqi zrunavda. nino bavSvobidan gamoirCeoda RvTismoSiSobiT, glaxakTa mowyalebiT da saTnoebiT.
mas gansakuTrebiT ainteresebda qristes cxovrebis detalebi. erTxel sara niaforma, dvinelma somexma, romelsac uvlida wmida nino, uambo qristes jvarcmis da aRdgomis Sesaxeb. wmida nino Zalian dainteresda qristes jvriT, kvarTiTa da ardagiT(sudariT), romelSic gaaxvies iesu qriste jvridan gardamoxsnis Semdeg.
somexma sara niaforma uTxra mas, rom qristes kvarTi iyo mcxeTaSi, qristes sudara qristeanedqmnilma pilates colma waiRo pontoSi luka maxarebelTan. axla is dakarguliao (qristes sudara axla napovnia, is turinis sudaris saxeliTaa cnobili, masze saswaulebrivad qristes gamosaxulebaa aRbeWdili). jvari ierusalimSia damarxuli, oRond sad _ mxolod RmerTma iciso.
gavida xani. ierusalimSi qalaq efesodan warCinebuli dedakaci Cavida wmida adgilebis mosalocad.
erTxel sionis mTis venaxebTan wmida ninos yovladwmida RvTismSobeli gamoecxada da ubrZana, wasuliyo CrdiloeTis qveyanaSi _ mcxeTaSi saxarebis saqadageblad. dedaRvTisam gadasca wmida ninos vazis rtosgan gakeTebuli jvari da uTxra: `ese iyos mcveli Seni da amiT sZlio yovelTa winaaRmdgomTa SenTa. da waremarTos qadagebai Seni da me viyo Sen Tana da ara dagiteo Sen~.
wmida ninom yovelive uambo ierusalimis patriarqs. man daloca disSvili da efesoel qals gaayola. efesoSi wmida ninom gaicno mTavrebis STamomavali qali, rifsime, romelic qristes sjuls aziara. Turme, rifsimes silamazis ambavi dioklitianes Seutyvia da misi colad moyvana gadauwyvetia. qristian rifsimes Tavi qristesTvis hqonda miZRvnili da ar SeeZlo, qristianTa mmusvrel dioklitianes gahyoloda. amitom igi, misi gamzrdeli gaiane, wmida nino da ocdaaTi axlad moqceuli qali gaiparnen efesodan. ramdenime xnis Semdeg isini Trdat mefes samefos, armenias miadgnen. dioklitianem Seityo maTi ambavi da miswera Tavis qveSevrdoms, goliaT Trdats, rom moeZebna rifsime da mieZRvna misTvis.
Trdatma Seipyro wmida dedebis didi nawili. igi moixibla rifsimes silamaziT da ganizraxa, TavisTvis daetovebina. rasakvirvelia, wmida rifsime ar daTanxmda. Trdatma awama misi gamzrdeli gaiane, mxleblebi da Tavad rifsimec. yvela sixaruliT Sexvda qristesTvis wamebasa da sikvdils.
RmerTma ar apatia Trdats mis winaaRmdeg galaSqreba da gareul Rorad gadaaqcia.
wmida nino saswaulebrivad gadaurCa Trdatis mier datyvevebas. mas xma Semoesma zecidan, romelmac CrdiloeTiT, mcxeTisken wasvla ubrZana.
mravali gaWirvebis mere wmida nino moadga iberiis dedaqalaqs, mcxeTas. aq ukve gavrcelebuliyo ambavi Trdatis Rorad da isev kacad gadaqcevis Sesaxeb. iberebi Tavadac Seeswrnen saswauls. ufalma wmida ninos locviT Weqa-quxili mouvlina mcxeTas da daamxo warmarTuli kerpebi. gavida sami weli. wmida ninom mravali mcxeTeli moaqcia qristes sjulze.
amasobaSi, rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, konstantine mefem kidev erTxel daamarcxa sparselebi. gadmocemiT, wmida konstantinem brZolis win caSi jvari ixila da euwya, amiT gaimarjvebo. igi myarad daadga qristianul gzas. male wmida konstantinesa da misi dedis, wmida elene dedoflis mecadineobiT ierusalimSi ipoves qristes jvari. masze mikarebiT sneulebi saswaulebrivad ikurnebodnen.
wmida ninos mier moxdenilma saswaulebmac didi Sedegi gamoiRo da qristianulad moinaTlnen qarTlis (iberiis) mefe da dedofali, wmida miriani da wmida nana. qristianoba saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda. es iyo daaxloebiT 317-318 wlebSi.

samkauli da siqaduli qarTvelTa

mexuTe saukunis dasawyisSi qarTlSi buzmari mefobda. am dros bizantias marTavda Teodosi II, xolo sparseTs _ iezdigerdi I. orive xelmwifes surda, iberia mokavSired hyoloda. buzmarma, viTarca qristianma, bizantia arCia da konstantinepols gaagzavna Tavisi Ze, ufliswuli murvanosi(murvanozi), SemdgomSi petre iberielis saxeliT cnobili.
petre iberielis cxovrebis qarTuli, gadakeTewbuli Targmanis Tanaxmad, murvanosis mama mefe varaz bakuria. varaz bakuri meoTxe saukunis 70-ian wlebSi mefobda qarTlis naxevarSi. misi Zec _ ufliswuli farsmani, momavalSi farsman V qarTlis mefe _ wargzavnili iyo mZevlad bizantiaSi. Tumca, petre iberisgan gansxvavebiT, Tavi bermonazvnobisTvis ar miuZRvnia. mis romantikul Tavgadasavals sxva dros giambobT.
gadmocemis mixedviT, mefes Svili ar hyolia. igi gulmxurvaled loculobda da RmerTs Svils sTxovda. erTxel mtkvris piras Ramis gasaTevad gaCerebuls locvis Semdgom mierula, gamoecxada angelozi da amcno, rom SeeZineboda Ze, romelic `did da srul~ iqneboda RvTis winaSe da mraval ers moaqcevda RvTisken.
roca Tormeti wlis Sesrulda ufliswuli murvanozi, Teodosi imperatoris dasamSvideblad mamam konstantinepolSi gaagzavna igi.
keisarma SviliviT Seiyvara mZevali. Teodosi didad morwmune mefe iyo, misi meuRle evdoqsia da samefo kari eklesiurad cxovrobdnen. qarTveli ufliswulic ar CamorCenia maT. RmerTmac daumadla Wabuks da madli kurnebisa mianiWa. im dros sparseTSi qristianebi awames. maTi wmida nawilebi mcxeTis samefo karze miabrZanes qristianebma. mefem Tavis Zes gaugzavna wmida nawilebi. ufliswuli maT ar iSorebda. wmindanebic ecxadebodnen mas da aZlierebdnen.
erTxel, naTlisRebis dResaswaulze, roca mefe-dedofali da amala eklesiaSi wirvaze iyvnen wasuli, iberielma ufliswulma Cveulebisamebr ganmartoebiT locva moindoma. man sTxova msaxurs, kandelisaTvis zeTi moetana. msaxuri gabrazebuli iyo masze mkacri qristianuli cxovrebis gamo, misi mokvla gadaewyvita, arc zeTi miarTva da yuradRebac ar miaqcia.
murvanosi ar ganrisxda, aiRo wyali, Caasxa kandelebSi, ufals da wmindanebs Sewevna sTxova da aanTo. Svidi dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi ar Camqrala uzeTo kandelebi.
es saswauli yvelam Seityo. amis mere ufro Seiyvares iberi ufliswuli keisarma da bizantielma didebulebma.
male ufliswuls ufali gamoecxada. mefis Zem ierusalims wasvla gadawyvita. imperatori evedreboda, ar wasuliyo da mcvelebi daudgina. mcvelebma misi mokvla gadawyvites, raTa ar wasuliyo da Teodoss isini ar daesaja.
qarTvelTa mefis Zem brwyinvaled icoda berZnuli, ierusalimSi gamgzavrebis win asurulic iswavla.
murvanosi Tanamzraxvel ioanesTan erTad gaeSura wmida qalaqisken. Tan waritanes wmida nawilebi. konstantines qalaqidan gamosvlisas maT ixiles naTlis sveti, romelmac gaamxneva isini: `eZiebdiT naTelsa...~
Tanamzraxvelebma navi ipoves da RmerTs miendvnen. Teodosi keisarma bevri eZeba isini, magram RvTis madliT ver ipova.
ufliswuls Tan hqonda nawili uflis jvrisa, Zeli cxovels mironi sdioda. mironis wacxobiT mogzaurebs Zala ematebodaT da SimSili uqrebodaT.
erT-erTi qalaqis mTavarma Seipyro ierusalims mimavalni. im Rames miwisZvra moxda, qalaqis Tavma Cveneba ixila, romelmac gaafrTxila, gaeSva tyveebi, Torem qalaqi daiqceoda.
uTenia sapyrobileSi qalaqis Tavi SeiWra, fexebSi Cauvarda pyrobilebs da Sendoba iTxova.
ierusalimSi wmida adgilebi gulmxurvaled moiloces momlocvelebma. murvanos ufliswuli uflis saflavze berad ekurTxa da uwodes saxeli petre, mis msaxurs _ ioane.
ocdaxuTi wlis asakSi wmida petre Zvali da tyaviRa iyo, imdenad daiSrita xorci. erTxel monastris mSeneblobaze daRlils CaeZina. maSin warmoudga eSmaki da uTxra: `darCeniliyavi Sens samefoSi, arc saWmeli mogakldeboda, arc sasmeli da dasveneba. xom xedav, fexze veRar dgaxar.~
wmida petrem ganagdo igi uflis ZaliT. myis kvamlad iqca eSmaki da gaqra.
wmida petre qarTveli tiroda da RmerTs evedreboda. maSin gamoecxada mas ieso qriste da uTxra: `nu stiri, rad xar aseTi sulmokle? Sexede zecas!~ _ petre iberma aixeda da dainaxa mSvenieri eklesia caSi. _ `es eklesia Seni aSenebulia zecaSi, nu sulmokleob, aramed ixare~. am monasters iverTa monasteri ewoda.
amis mere petre qarTvelis Zalebi gaaTkecda. mowafeebTan erTad srulyo RvTismSoblis saxelobis qarTvelTa monasteri. Semdeg wavida iordanes piras da sxva monastris Seneba daiwyo.
iordanes napirebTan dasneulda wmida ioane, saxeze wyluli gauCnda. wmida petrem miiyvana igi uflis saflavTan da aloca. am dros moxda saswauli, lodidan xeli gamovida, ioanes saxeze Seexo da gankurna.
gavida dro, ioane kvlav dasneulda. Tavad wmida ioanes uxaroda gansvla am soflidan. mama petres Zalian uyvarda ioane da eZneleboda masTan ganSoreba. ufalma axlac Seusrula aja petre ibers da Tormeti wliT gauxangrZliva sicocxle ioanes.
amis Semdeg wmida mamebma gamocxadebiT ixiles gankiTxvis dRe, ris gamoc wmida petre ocdaaTi dRe amqveynad TiTqmis aRar iyo, aravis elaparakeboda da saxe gaubrwyinda.
wmida mamebma egvipteSic aaSenes monasteri. misi kurTxevisas ixiles, rom iqaur episkoposTan erTad markoz maxarebelic akurTxebda eklesias.
wmida mamebma aleqsandriaSic mravali saswauli moaxdines, eSmakeulni gandevnes, brmebi, keTrovnebi da avadmyofebi gankurnes.
ierusalimSi dabrunebis Semdeg kvlav mihyves xeli eklesiis Senebas. erTi eriskaci maT sazRvars edaveboda. erT dRes man mama iovanes gaartya da muSebi eklesiidan gayara. petre qarTvelma es rom gaigo, Tqva: `sakvirveli iqneba, Tu is kaci ar mokvdeba amaRam~. marTlac, moCxubari kaci dilas mkvdari ipoves.
rodesac wmida mamebs glaxakTaTvis dasarigebeli sakvebi SemoakldebodaT, maTi WurWeli saswaulebrivad ivseboda sursaT-sanovagiT.
gavida dro, wmida ioane miicvala.
wmida petre iberielis saxeli ganiTqva ierusalimSi, palestinasa da egvipteSi. am dros gardaicvala qalaq miumis episkoposi. moqalaqeebma patriarqs sTxoves, mama petre ekurTxebina episkoposad. patriarqis brZanebiT wmida petre udabnoSi ipoves, Seipyres, Sekres da waiyvanes ierusalims, raTa ar gaqceodaT.
roca mama petrem gaigo, ratomac gakoWes, atirda da acxadebda, didad codvili varo. gzaSi dauRamdaT, wmida petrem sTxova, gamxseniT da dilas SemkariTo. raime simaRlidan undoda gadaxtoma, raTa rame moetexa da aecilebina saepiskoposo dideba, rameTu didad sZulda amsofliuri pativi. am dros gamoecxada macxovari da ubrZana, emwyemsa misni cxovarni.
patriarqma petre qarTveli mTavarepiskoposad akurTxa da gaagzavna miumSi, sadac didi pativiT miiRes. wmida petre iberma miumSi Jamiswirvisas SeamCnia, rom misi mRvdelmoqmedebis Sedegad sakurTxevelSi naTlad gamoCnda wmida xorci da sisxli. mama petre da mRvdelni SeZrwundnen. uceb xma moesmaT zecidan: `episkoposo, Sesawiravi ganasrule! uwyodes yvelam, raoden did ars Sesawiravi ese siwminde!~
450 wels gardaicvala imperatori Teodosi II. taxtze avida markiane keisari. 451 wels Catarda meoTxe saeklesiao kreba qalkedonSi, romelzec daigmo monofizitoba da RvTismSoblis uTayvaniscemloba.
antioqiaSi, siriasa da palestinaSi bevri monofiziti iyo, romlebic aujanydnen qalkedonitebs, diofizitebs da didi brZolebi gauCaRes markianes jarebs. radgan friad bevrni iyvnen monofizitebi, mravali marTlmadidebeli mokles.
wmida petre qarTvelma gamocxadeba ixila, Tu rogor ahyavdaT gardacvlil marTlmadidebelTa sulebi angelozebs zecaSi. eqvsi wlis mere mefe markiane mokvda da keisris taxtze avida leon I. mwvalebelma monofizitebma dro ixelTes da kvlav aries qveyana. maT qarTveli mRvdelmTavris petres mokvla ganizraxes. mis rezidenciasTan viTom avadmyofi bavSvi miiyvanes da sTxovdnen, gamosuliyo da ganekurna igi.
petre iberiels xma Semoesma zecidan: `ar gauRo kari, mzakvarni arian~. zeciurma xmam daafrTxo mzakvrebi. wmida petrem gadawyvita, gascloda iqaurobas, raTa misi mokvlis gamo ugunurni codvaSi ar Cavardniliyvnen.
gzad erT adgilas gaCerdnen, Sevidnen SenobaSi wirvis Casatareblad. Senoba sakerpe aRmoCnda. wmida petre arc Secbunebula, radgan icoda, rom msxverpls ufals Seswiravda da ara _ kerpebs. wirvisas cecxli gamohkrTa petre iberielis sacecxlurisagan da dawva kerpebi, saxls ki ara avno.
momdevno qalaqSi, romelSic gaiares, iyo erTi qristiani kaci, romelsac asuli hyavda mZimed avadmyofi. rom vera uSvela ra, es kaci grZneulis mosayvanad gaeSura. gogonas deda ki meufe petresTan movida. wmida petrem scxo avadmyofs evligia wmida samebis saxeliT, gankurna da Tqva: `vgoneb, is grZneuli xval mokvdeba~. marTlac ase moxda.
im qalaqSi erT-erTi wirvis win didebulebis uxamsi saubari moismina wmida petre qarTvelma. wirvisas angelozi gamoecxada da sakurTxevlidan gadagdebas upirebda. wmida petrem cremlmoreulma ikiTxa: `aseTi ra davaSave, ufalo?~ angelozma gaafrTxila, rom meored ar waebilwa Tavisi wmida goneba uxamsi da urgebi sityvebis mosmeniT.
wmida adgilebis molocvisas meufe petrem uambo mowafeebs, Tu rogor gamoicno moses mTaze ucnobma berma masSi qarTvelTa mefis Ze da episkoposoba uwinaswarmetyvela. wmida petrem Semdgom gamocxadebaSi ixila, rogor aiyvanes zecaSi angelozebma im beris suli.
petre iberieli marTlmorwmune uSviloTa imedad iqca. misma locvebma uSvilo mamakacebs Svilieroba mianiWa.
leon keisari Cvidmeti weli mefobda. misi mefobisas bizantia dawynarda, marTlmadideblebi gaZlierdnen. 474 wels leon pirveli gardaicvala. taxtze avida leon II, man sul ramdenime Tve imefa. imave wels imperatoris taxti zenonma daikava. zenon mefem saxelganTqmuli wmida esaia da wmida petre TavisTan miiwvia. arc wmida petres da arc wmida esaias ar surdaT imperatorTan wasvla. wmida esaiam RmerTs avadmyofoba sTxova, raTa ver wasuliyo konstantinepolSi. igi ise gasivda, rom senakidan veRar gamodioda. roca imperatoris msaxuri wavida, wmida esaia isev gamojanmrTelda. wmida petre gadaixvewa. ucxo adgilas droebiT gaCerebulTan mebostne mivida da amcno, rom Cveneba hqonda wmida nawilebis adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb. wmida petrem, adgilobrivma episkoposma da morwmuneebma gaTxares miwa da aRmoiyvanes wmida nawilebi. gamocxadebiT ixiles, rom eseni iyvnen sparsTa mier damwvari wmidanebi luka, fuka da romanoz. im adgilas maT saxelze eklesia aaSenes.
keisarma zenonma miswera wmida petres: `CemTvis mainc iloceTo!~ amis mere qarTveli meufe kvlav dabrunda miumSi. miumis mcxovrebni didi sixaruliT Seegebnen da hmadlobdnen RmerTs.
gavida xani, gamocxadebiT wmida petrem Seicno wmida isaias gardacvaleba. iloca, itira da meoxeba sTxova wmida samebis winaSe.
qarTveli meufe Tavadac grZnobda am soflidan gansvlis moaxloebas. sxvebic grZnobdnen. wmida esaias da wmida zenon skitelis, romelic aseve gardaicvala, mowafeebi moZRvarTa anderZisamebr petre iberiels daumowafdnen. amasobaSi movida wmida petresTan ebraeli meTevze, romelic Zlier avad iyo. mama petrem saxlSi gauSva da uTxra: `Tu amaRam morCebi, modi da mognaTlav~. ebraeli morCa da moinaTla.
erT dResac wmida qarTvelma episkoposma mrevls ganucxada, rom male gardaicvleboda. imave Rames wmida zenonis mowafeyofilma aTanasem Cveneba naxa da tiriliT uambo iberiel episkoposs. man ixila ufali da wmindanebi. wmindanebi SesTxovdnen RmerTs, mieyvana maTTan wmida petres suli, `didad tanja sxeuli Tvisi siyvarulisTvis~. ufalma auwya, rom aTi dRis Semdeg wmida petres suls moiyvans wmida petre aleqsandrieli patriarqio.
aTi dRis manZilze aRaraferi Wama petre qarTvelma. mxolod loculobda. uqadagebda mowafeebs da mrevls da ganamxnevebda. meaTe dRes gamoacxada: `sayvarelno Svilno Cemno, amieriTgan arRara mixiloT me~. mowafeebi da xalxi kocnidnen da tirodnen. man isini daamSvida, Semdeg senakSi Sevida da loculobda. roca mowafeebi Sevidnen mis sanaxavad, senakSi sakmevlis sakvirveli suni daxvdaT. `xelTa SenTa Sevhvedreb sulsa Cemsa, ufalo iesu qriste, RmerTo Cemo~ _ Tqva netarma petrem da daiZina marTali ZiliT.
sami dRe ver dakrZales igi, imdenad didi iyo mnaxvelTa da TayvanismcemelTa ricxvi. wmida cxedris garSemo sakmevlis suni trialebda. vinc mieaxleboda, Tu ram seni awuxebda, myis gamojanmrTeldeboda.
ase gardaicvala palestinaSi, qalaq miumSi samocdaxuTi wlis asakSi qarTvelTa mefis Ze, wmida mTavarepiskoposi petre, `samkauli da siqaduli qarTvelTa~. misi cxovreba asurul enaze aRwera qarTlidanve misma mowafem, zaqariam, xolo qarTulad makari mesxma Targmna.

ovblf f,b,jc ytrhtctkb 2 cgfhctkt,bc 3qvthsbc4 vrdktkb

cgfhctkt,c 'fkbfy eyljlfs mfhskib vtaj,bc ufemvt,f8 vfs rfhufl tcvjlfs7 hjv mfhsdtkb vtat .jdtksdbc cf[bafsj bmyt,jlf vfssdbc8 vtabc ufhitvj lfhfpvekb7 seylfw vwbhthbw[jdfyb b,tht,b .jdtksdbc cfibib b.dyty7 hflufy .dtkfyfbhfl [tkc eikblyty htubjyib cgfhcsf uf,fnjyt,fc8 cgfhctsc rb cehlf cfv[hts rfdrfcbbc vskbfyfl [tkib xfult,f7 ifdb pqdbc cfdfzhj upt,bc lfcfresht,f8 ifd pqdfpt ufcfcdktkfl cgfhctsbcsdbc fewbkt,tkb b.j mfhskbc lf kfptsbc lfvjhxbkt,f8
fv htubjyib uf,fnjyt,bcsdbc b,h'jlf ,bpfynbfw7 cgfhctsbc elbltcb vnthb lf vtnjmt8 ,bpfynbtkt,b7 bctdt hjujhw b,tht,b lf kfpt,b7 mhbcnbfyt,b b.dyty8 fvbnjv cgfhctsbc [tkbceakt,f fmnbeh mvtlt,fpt uflfdblf8 mfhskc itvjenbf fhf vfhnj [vkbs7 fhfvtl cfhoveyjt,bsfw7 2 vfpltfyj,bs8
%@# otkc mfhskb uehuty vtabc vtsfehj,bs fe]fy.lf cgfhctsbc if/c7 rfdflc7 cgfhctkt,vf ufbvfh]dtc8 vtat uehutyb b'ekt,ekb b.j uflfcekb.j lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjib7 kfptsib8 vtht rb rjycnfynbytgjkib vjeobf ofcdkf8
vbc vtht nf[npt fdblf vtat 'fvfyfhct8 vjrfdibhbc ufhtit epfhvfpfh cgfhctssfy ufvrkfdt,f ehsektcb b.j8 cgfhctkt,vf 'fkbfy itfdbohjdtc mfhsdtkb udbhudbyjcfyb8 bub rjycnfynbytgjkc xfdblf lf ,bpfynbbc rtbcfhc7 becnbybfytc cgfhcsf obyffqvltu rfdibhb itcsfdfpf8 bvgthfnjhc 'fkbfy ufe[fhlf7 cfxemht,bs lf lfgbht,t,bs ufvjbcnevhf b,thbbc vtat cfvij,kjib888 vfuhfv lf[vfht,f lf sfdbcb bynthtct,bc ufnfht,f b,thbfib dtqfh it'kj8
becnbybfyt rtbcfhb lblfl vjhoveyt b.j8 vfy rjycnfynbytgjkib ffityf ,ho.bydfkt fbf-cjabfc nf'fhb7 cflfw !$%# okbc vfbcbc ,jkjvlt mhbcnbfyekb ufkj,f bcvjlf8 rjycnfynbytgjkbc lfg.hj,bc itvltu sehmt,vf fbf-cjabf vtxtsfl uflffrtstc8 f[kf veptevbf8
becnbybfytc ghj,ktvt,b /mjylf kfptsib7 kfptsb bv lhjc vbcb ufdktybc mdti b.j8 %@# otkc uehuty mfhskbc vtatc vbltdyt,ekvf cgfhcsf ]fhvf kfpt,c ijhfgfyb lf crfylf offhsdf8 %@* otkc kfpt,c ,bpfynbtksf vfidtkb ]fhb vjedblfs8 vfs it'ktc crfylfcf lf ijhfgybc wb[tsf lf,heyt,f8 vtnb ,bpfynbfc fh itt'kj8 vbs evtntc hjv %#! otkc cgfhctsbc nf[npt fdblf 'kbthb if/b [jchjd 66 fyeibhdfyb8 %#@ otkc ,bpfynbfcf lf cgfhctsc ijhbc 3cfereyj pfdb4 lfblj7 hjvkbc vb[tldbs cgfhctsvf efhb ufyfw[flf kfpts-tuhbcpt7 mfhskb rb cfsfhtijl vfc lfhxf8
,bpfynbbc ofhvjvflutykt,b 'fkbfy welfl bmwtjlyty tuhbcib7 hbc ufvjw kfpt,b vhfdfkupbc fe]fy.lyty vfs8
vjvltdyj cfereytt,ib rjycnfynbytgjkbc vfhskvflblt,kehvf trktcbfv becnbybfyt ovblfyfl ithfw[f8
,bpfynbfcsfy lflt,ekb pfdbs bcfhut,kf [jchtd if/vf lf %#% otkc mfhskib vtaj,f uffemvf8
becnbybfyt rtbcfhvf dth it'kj vjrfdibhbc nf[nbc uflfhxtyf b,thbfib7 vfc kfptsibw 'fkbfy ezbhlf7 vtcjgjnfvbfibw lf c[dfufyfw8
cgfhctsbc if/vf mfhskbc ufvut,kfl cfresfhb vj[tkt7 vfhpgfyb ufvjfupfdyf8 vfhpgfyb cgfhcekfl jkmbc vvfhsdtkc ybiyfdc8 mfhskbc vfhpgfyc 'fkbfy lblb eakt,t,b /mjylf8 vfc itt'kj yt,bcvbthb vw[jdht,bc ufcfvfhskt,f7 bmyt,jlf bc ukt[b7 lblfpyfehb se vqdltkvsfdfhb lf cbrdlbkbs lfc]fw8 nabkbcib7 vw[tsfib lf c[df mfkfmt,cf se wb[tt,ib cgfhctksf ]fhb bluf8 cgfhctkt,vf mfhsdtkt,c [fhrb lf cfv[tlhj ,tufhf lffrbchtc8 mfhsdtkb [fk[b fh ehbult,jlf ew[jtksf ,fnjyj,fc8
vttmdct cfereybc ief [fyt,ib hjvftkt,b =,bpfynbtkt,b` fv,j,lyty 3b,tht,b yt,f.jakj,bs fh tvjhxbkt,bfy cgfhctkt,c888 w[flbf7 hjv b,tht,c bkf]b ufo.dtnbkb fmds lf bcbyb fgbht,ty f]fy.t,fc ef[kjtc vjvfdfkib7 se vj[th[t,ek lhjc itehxtdty4888
cgfhctkt,b wlbkj,lyty mfhsdtksf hovtybc ith.tdfc lf mfhskib vfpltfyj,bc ufdhwtkt,fc8 vfpltfyj,f7 wtw[ksf.dfybcwtvkj,f7 pjhjfcnhbpvb 2 fv cf[tkt,bsff tc htkbubf wyj,bkb8 bub e'dtktcb htkbubff7 mflfut,c ,jhjnpt rtsbkbc ufvfh]dt,fc7 ,jhjnb f/hbvfybc wtw[kbs ufyovtylfc7 qvthsb f/ehfvfplfc ufvfh]dt,fc lf f8 i8
mfhsdtkt,bcsdbc7 hfcfrdbhdtkbf7 wtw[kbc sf.dfybcwtvbs ufyovtlf cbcektktl xfyc7 hfvtse vfhskvflblt,kj,f udfcofdkbc7 hjv wjldfsfufy ufyovtlf cbyfyekc ite'kbf lf fhf wtw[kc8 fvbnjv b,tht,b uffasht,ekb oby fqelut,jlyty ofhvfhs7 wtw[kbcsf.dfybcvwtvtk cgfhctkt,c8
lfvg.hj,kt,vf mfhskib vhfdfk flubkfc fqvfhstc wtw[kbc cfsf.dfyj flubkt,b8 c[dflfc[df vtsjlt,bs wlbkj,lyty flubkj,hbdsf wleyt,fc8
qvthsvf fv ufycfwltkib fh vbfnjdf mfhsdtkt,b8 vhfdfkb mfhsdtkb cfthj lf cfcekbthj vjqdfot bqodjlf cfhoveyjt,bcf lf thjdyt,bc ityfhxeyt,bcfsdbc8 fvfc lftvfnf qdsbc elbltcb cfxemfhb8 cfmfhsdtkjib cfvjqdfojl xfvjdblyty ovblf fcehtkb vfvt,b8 bcbyb cfmfhsdtkjc c[dflfc[df geymnt,ib lfvrdblhlyty7 iteluyty vcf[eht,fc lf mhbcnbfyj,bc ufyvnrbwt,fc8 vfsb vj'qdfhb b.j bjfyt ptlfpytkb8
bjfyt ptlfpytkbc vjofatt,b lf 'vt,b5 f,b,jc ytrhtctkb7 fynjy vtcdtnt vfhnv.jatkb7 lfdbs ufht]tkb7 ptyjy b.fksjtkb7 sfltjp cntafyovbltkb7 bct obkrytkb7 bjct, fkfdthltkb7 bcbljht cfvsfdytkb7 vbmftk ekevgjtkb7 gbhjc ,htstkb7 cntafyt [bhctkb7 ibj vqdbvtkb ofhvjij,bs mfhsdtkt,b fh b.dyty7 vfuhfv qvthsvf vfs cfmfhsdtkjc uflfhxtyfib lf ufyvnrbwt,fib lblb vbcbf itfchekt,byf8 fv,j,ty7 hjv fv wfvtn vfvfc c[df vfvt,bw f[klyty7 vfufkbsfl qbhcb bkbf lbfrjyb lf c[dt,b8
pjub abmhj,c7 hjv ovblf fcehtkb vfvt,b itcf'kjf 'dtkb mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc isfvjvfdkt,b b.dyty8 wyj,bkbf7 hjv e'dtktc [fyfib vwbht fpbfcf lf obyf fpbfib vhfdkfl w[jdhj,lyty b,thbekb hfcbc [fk[t,b8 vfsb yfobkb cfmfhsdtkjib vjdblf7 vfufkbsfl7 vtc[t,b =vjcj[t,b`7 yfobkb rb flubkpt lfhxf lf vbcek [fk[t,c ittho.f8 fctdt mfhsdtkehb ofhvjij,bc itb'kt,f b.dyty vfhskvflblt,kehb trktcbbc ovblf vfvt,b ,fcbkb lblb7 uhbujk qdsbcvtn.dtkb lf bjfyt jmhjgbhb8
fcehtk vfvt,c mfhsekb cwjlybfs cekbovblbc vflkbs fy mfhsdtkehb ofhvjij,bc ufvj8 fctf se bct7 b,thbfc qdsbc lblb 'fkf ittobf8
e'dtktc mfhsek mfkfm ytrhtcib7 rf[tsib7 cftgbcrjgjcj tgfhmbfc ufyfut,lf ovblf fcehtkb vfvf f,b,jc ytrhtctkb8
ovblf f,b,j fqb'hf cfqvhsj iehbs8 vbdblf wtw[ksf.dfybcvwtvtksf ths-ths cfnaeht,fcsfy7 cflfw wtw[kb tysj lf ofhvfhsyb sf.dfyc cwtvlyty7 hjujhw qvthsc7 lffc[f o.fkb wtw[kc lf xffmhj8
ec]ekj cgfhctkt,vf itbg.htc ytnfhb lf bct cwtvtc7 vrdlfhb utujyt,jlfs8 itvltu cfg.hj,bktib xffultc lf vfhpgfyc itesdfktc vjv[lfhb8
vfhpgfyvf ,h'fyf tgbcrjgjcbc vfcsfy vb.dfyf8
ytnfh vteatc /.fdlf vtuj,fhb cdbvbjy vtcdtnt fynbjmbtkb7 ovblf cdbvbjyc lf ovblf f,b,jc thsvfytsb sdfkbs fh /.fdlfs yfyf[b8 vfs vbvjothf /mjylfs thsvfytssfy lf cekbthb v[tldtkj,bs bwyj,lyty ehsbthsc8 hjltcfw ovblf f,b,j itg.hj,bkb vj/.fdlfs8 cjatk bfkljib vbtf[kf vfc cdbvbjy cfrdbhdtkvjmvtlbc ufvjupfdybkb vjwbmekb lf uflfcwf ovblf cdbvbjybc rdths[b7 ovblf tdkjubf lf othbkb8 ytnfhb f,b,j lblfl uff[fhf lf ufyfvnrbwf cfxemht,vf8
mfhsdtkt,c vbcb ufvj[cyf eyljlfs 'fkbs7 vfuhfv vteat f,b,jv fh byt,f7 hfvtse cehlf vfhndbkj,f mhbcntcsdbc8
upfib ovblfyvf cgfhctkt,c cs[jdf7 wjnf [ybs uftidfs ytnfhb ibj vqdbvtkbc cfyf[fdfl8 cgfhctkt,b lfsfy[vlyty8
tgbcrjgjcvf f,b,jv lf ,thvf ibjv bkjwtc thsfl7 itvltu ytnfhvf f,b,jv cs[jdf ytnfh ibjc7 vbcsdbc tkjwf8 ovblf ibjv ufyfvnrbwf bub sfdbcb cbn.dt,bs8 tgbcrjgjcb f,b,jc ythrtctkb cb[fhekbs ufeluf upfc8
cjatk ht[ib vfhpgfyvf cfcfvfhskj vjfo.j7 vfc lftcohyty mfhsdtkb tgbcrjgjct,b7 vqdlkt,b lf thbcvsfdht,b cgfhctkt,sfy thsfl8
vfhpgfyvf /rbs[f ytnfhc5 2 hfl efh/.fdb xdtyb vtatsf vtabc 'fkfeakt,f lf hfl vjrfkb xdtyb qvthsb0
ovblfyvf vbeuj5 2 qvthsb v[jkjl eafkb btce mhbcntf8 [jkj wtw[kb7 hjvtkbw lfdihbnt7 tivfrbc cfwlehbf8 ukjwfds7 hfsf ufyeluts tivfrc lf v[jkjl ztivfhbn qvthsc vcf[ehj,lts8
vfhpgfyvf /rbs[f5 2 hbcsdbc vjrfkb qvthsb xdtyb7 hjv ity qvthsc dtvcf[ehjs0
ytnfhvf egfce[f5 2 bwjlt7 hjv qvthsb fh vjvbrkfdc7 wtw[kb xfdfmht8 wtw[kb qvthsb fh fhbc7 bc thsb vjdktyff ,eyt,fsfufyb8 qvthsvf cfv.fhj itmvyf o.kbs7 /fthbs7 vbobs lf wtw[kbs8 wtw[kb v[jkjl ths-thsb tktvtynsfufybf8 tc tktvtynt,b sfyfcojhbf7 sfyf,fhbf8 se ths-thsb fqvfnt,ek bmyf7 c[df cecnlt,f8 smdtyb wtw[kb itibc vtidtj,bs bodbc8 o.fkb lfdfc[b lf xfmhf8
vbrdbhc smdtyb uf,hfpt,f7 hjujh fh uhw[dtybfs vbcb qvthsfl vbxytdf8 smdtyb wtw[kb [jv smdtyb lfyst,ekbf8 hjujh fhbc bc qvthsb0
fv cbn.dt,vf 'fkbfy uffwjaf cgfhcsf if/bc vfhpgfyb8 vbcb ,h'fyt,bs fofvtc ytnfhb7 vtht mdt,bs xfmjktc8
vteabc ovblf w[tlfhb mfkfmufhts ufbnfytc7 lfeotctc vwdtkt,b7 hfsf v[twt,c lf ahbydtkt,c ittzfvfs8 vfs tibyjlfs7 mhbcnbfyt,vf lblt,bs lf gfnbdbs fh lfrh'fkjyj8
ytnfhbc ovblf c[tekc dthw thsb v[twb lf ahbydtkb dth itt[j8 cgfhctkt,b vb[dlyty7 hjv n.ebkfl tkjlyty ovblfybc itehfw[.jafc v[twsf vbth lf ofdblyty8
vfiby vjdblyty mhbcnbfyt,b7 off,h'fytc ytnfhbc ovblf c[tekb lf lfrh'fktc vfs vbth fityt,ek vjyfcnthib =lqtdfltkb cfvsfdhjc ltlfsf vjyfcnthb=8
fct itbobhf ztivfhbnvf qvthsvf ovblf f,b,jc vc[dthgkb7 ofhvfhs cgfhcsf 3qvthsbc4 vjrdkf lf vfhndbkj,f8
ovblf f,b,jc ofvt,fv itltub ufvjbqj8 mfhsdtkyb ufyvnrbwlyty cfhoveyjt,fib7 ,tdhvf ehoveyjv bhoveyf vfw[jdfhb8 vfkt f[lf ytnfhbc obyfcofhvtn.dtkt,fw8 vttmdct cfereybc cfvjwlffsbfy okt,ib ,bpfynbfcf lf cgfhctsc ijhbc jvb ufyf[klf8 rfdrfcbtkb [fk[t,b fe]fy.lyty vfpltfyt,c8 fvfcj,fib cgfhctsib ibyfjvb fn.lf8 %(! otkc cgfhctkt,b ufyltdytc mfhskbc elbltcb yfobkblfy8 bcbyb v[jkjl nabkbcbc wb[tcf lf f[kj-vf[kjqf b.dyty ufvfuht,ekyb8
b,thbfib fqcluf cf[tkvobajt,hbj,f8 vfhsfkbf7 vtatl fhfdby erehs[t,bfs lbl-fpyfehsf fv,bwbt,bcf lf atjlfkehb bynthtct,bc ufvj7 vfuhfv mdt.ybc vtsfehb uf[lf thbcvsfdfhb8
gbhdtkb thbcvsfdfhb b.j udfhfvb8 fv lhjc vj[lf afhyfdfpbfysf lf ,fuhfnbjysf lfyfstcfdt,f8 udfhfvc wjkfl ithstc df[nfyu ujhufckbc idbkbidbkb8 bub 3b.j rfwb vjhoveyt lf vfityt,tkb trktcbfsf48 vfc lfeo.bf vw[tsfib ]dhbc vjyfcnhbc vityt,kj,f7 hjvtkbw flfhyfct thbcvsfdfhvf lffchekf8

wmida giorgi didgorSi gancxadebulad win uZRoda daviT aRmaSenebels da qarTvelTa jars

egviptidan iranamde, yovel qveyanaSi, yovel qalaqSi, yovel sofelSi, yvela sasaxlidan, yvela minareTidan, yvela gzajvaredinze, yoveli sulTani, xalifa, amira, aTabagi, begi, yadi, mola mouwodebda qudze, ufro sworad, Calmaze kacs saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg galaSqrebisken.
`sanam saqarTvelo ar daecema, araferi gveSveleba musulmanebs, sanam daviT mefe cocxalia, bednieri ver viqnebiT Turqebi, arabebi, sparsebi~! _ gahkiodnen mahmadianuri samyaros Tavkacebi.
saukuneebis manZilze izrdeboda da Zlierdeboda muhamedis mimdevarTa civilizacia. jer arabebi gamovidnen arabeTis naxevarkunZulis udabnodan virTxebTan erTad da virTxebiviT moednen mTel imdroindel msoflios. mere Turanidan oRuz-Turqebi daiZrnen da jer mTel Sua azias, mere wina da mcire azias moednen da misustebuli arabuli musulmanuri Zala ufro veluri da aranakleb sastiki mahmadianuri ZaliT Caanacvles da gaaZlieres.
gansakuTrebiT ki meTerTmete saukuneSi _ is iyo, mcire aziisa da evropis qveynebs arabTagan gaTavisuflebis imedi gauCndaT, rom mcire azia Turq-selCukebma walekes.
`didi Turqoba~ _ ase uwodebs istorikosi selCukTa mier saqarTvelos aoxrebas. klarjeTi, SavSeTi, lazeTi, aWara, samcxe, qarTli, argveTi, quTaisi TurqebiT aivso. `moWames da moswyvides~ qveyana. es iyo didi Turqobis dasawyisi saqarTveloSi. `ar iyo maT JamTa Sina Tesvai da mkai; mooxrda qveyanai da tyed gardaiqca~. arc bizantias daakles xeli Turqebma da evropis qveynebsac daemuqrnen.
arsad Canda gamosavali, qristianul samyaros da, gansakuTrebiT, saqarTvelos ganadgureba emuqreboda.
magram moiRo wyaloba ufalma, `rameTu amieriTgan iwyes niavTa cxovrebisaTa mobervad da RrubelTa macxovarebisaTa aRmoWvirebad, vinaidgan aTormet wel amaT TviTo-saxeTa WirTa gangrZobilTa bnelsa ukunsa Sina iwyo aRmociskrebad mzeman yovelTa mefobaTaman, didman saxeliTa da udidesman saqmiTa, saxelmodgamman daviT RmrTisa mamisaman, da TviT samocdameaTormeteman Svilman amis daviTisman, daviT~.
qveynis mesveurebi, eklesia, giorgi II mixvdnen, rom saqarTvelos taxts gansakuTrebulad madliani mpyrobeli sWirdeboda. giorgi mefis mxolodSobil Zes, Teqvsmeti wlis Wabuk daviTs etyoboda, rom RvTis rCeuli iyo. amitom qarTulma ordenma giorgi II-s TanxmobiT mefed akurTxa daviT IV _ TviT mamaman (mefe giorgim) daadga gvirgvini mefobisa~. ufro swori iqneboda, gveTqva, rom Tavad ufalma akurTxa igi: `TviT mamaman zecaTaman pova daviT, monai Tvisi da sacxebeli misi wmidai cxo; rameTu xeli misi Seewia da mklavman misman ganaZliera igi; wyalobai da WeSmaritebai Sehmosa mas; da uaRres yo ufrois yovelTa mefeTa queyanisaTa, vidremdis dadva zRuasa zeda xeli misi da mdinareTa zeda marjvene misi...~ Tumca yvela es zegardmo wyaloba daviT mefem Tavisi eklesiuri cxovrebiT, didi SromismoyvareobiT, niWiT, vaJkacobiTa da TavdadebiT daimsaxura.
daviT mefem yma-molaSqreTagan, ubralo moqalaqeebisgan da msaxureuli aznaurebisgan samxedro razmebi Seqmna. nel-nela wvrTnida maT, gamarjvebas aCvevda. TandaTanobiT mTaSi gaxiznuli mosaxleoba saxl-kars daubrunda. mefem daamarcxa moRalate liparit erisTavi da misi Svili rati, Zagan da modistos erisTavebi. 1099 wels xarki Seuwyvita Turqebs, 1103 wels daibruna zedazeni, 1104 wels Tavis samflobelos, afxazTa samefos SemouerTa kaxeT-hereTi, 1110 wels aiRo samSvilde, 1115 wels _ rusTavi, Semdeg wels _ lore.
1118 wels daviT aRmaSenebelma CrdiloeT kavkasiis velebidan saqarTveloSi Camoiyvana 40 aTasi yivCaRuri ojaxi. eseni iyvnen daqiravebuli meomrebi TavianTi col-SviliT, romelTagan daviTis sikvdilis Semdeg nawili ukan dabrunda, nawili daviTis mier maTTvis gamoyofil miwebze damkvidrda da gaqarTvelda, nawili _ gasomxda.
wmida daviT IV did yuradRebas uTmobda marTlmadideblobis ganmtkicebas. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebaze man gawminda saqarTvelos eklesia `qvab-avazakTagan~.
1104 wels saqarTveloSi TurqTa 100000 molaSqre SemoiWra. daviT mefem 1500 qarTveliT saswaulebrivad gaanadgura TurqTa brbo erwuxis brZolaSi.
1096 wels romis papma urban II-m uflis saflavis gasaTavisufleblad jvarosnuli omi gamoacxada, mouwoda yvela evropels masSi monawileobisken da codvaTa miteveba aRuTqva. `deus le volt~ (RmerTs nebavs) _ SesZaxa asi aTasma, zogi cnobiT _ samasi aTasma evropelma da ierusalimisken daiZra. gzad maT SeuerTda bizantiis samxedro Zala, somxebi, asurelebi da daviT aRmaSeneblis jariskacebi.
jvarosnebma aiRes antioqia, edesa, Semdeg ierusalimi. ierusalimSi evropelebma sastiki xocva-Jleta gamarTes, riTac Tavis winaaRmdeg ganawyves ara marto mahmadianebi, aramed sxvebic.
molaparakebisamebr, aziaSi musulmanTagan gaTavisuflebuli miwebis patronad bizantiis keisari aleqsi komneni, (savaraudod, warmoSobiT elinizebuli lazi) unda gamocxadebuliyo. jvarosnebma bevri piroba daarRvies da gaanawyenes berZnebi.
mahmadianTagan gaTavisuflebul ierusalimSi Seiqmna samefo (samTavro), romlis meTaurma gotfrid bulonelma `uflis saflavis mcvelis~ tituli miiRo. daarsda sxva samTavroebic.
mahmadianebi nel-nela gons movidnen da gaafTrebuli brZola daiwyes qristianTa winaaRmdeg. musulmanTa razmebSi gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeoda TurqTa saxelovani mxedarTmTavari ilRazi. man 1119 wels Seutia antioqiis qristianul samTavros. antioqiis mTavari roJeri da bevri evropeli raindi jvarosani daiRupa am omSi. am droisTvis ierusalimis mefe iyo balduin II. man Tavi mouyara yvela jvarosans ilRazis winaaRmdeg da antioqias mieSvela. jvarosnebma SeZles antioqiis SenarCuneba, magram didi zarali ganicades.
jvarosnebma icodnen, rom TurqTa Setevebi ganaxldeboda. amitom gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo Zlieri mfarvelis Zieba. 1119 welsve mefe balduini faruli vizitiT ewvia naWarmagevSi wmida daviT mefes.
daviT aRmaSeneblis pirovnebam didad daainteresa msoflios qristianebi, ara marto aRmosavleTSi, evropaSic. masze legendebi vrceldeboda, TiTqos igi ibrZoda ierusalimTan, Cvens mefes aigivebdnen aRmosavleTis legendarul mefe-mRvdel ioanesTan. iverias jvarosnebi ganixilavdnen, rogorc Tavis `wina burjs~.
1119-1120 wlebSi tfilisis mahmadiani mmarTvelebi, `berebi~ (uxucesebi) musulmanuri qveynebisken gaeSurnen, maTTan erTad iyvnen ganZeli da dmaneli Tavkacebic, miwa da nacari daiyares Tavze, Savad SeiRebes tansacmeli da xel-piri da vaebiT eaxlnen sulTnebsa da meTaurebs.
Turq-selCukebma da arabebma gadawyvites, pirvel rigSi gaerTianebuli ZalebiT saqarTvelosken daZruliyvnen. maT kargad esmodaT, rom qarTvel xalxs daviT mefis meTaurobiT gadawyvetili hqonda, Seeqmna uZlieresi saxelmwifo, romelic araTu vinmes daemorCileboda, aramed Tavad gaxdeboda mterTa dammorCilebeli da moyvareTa Semwe. qarTveli xalxi Tavis qveyanaSi avtoqtonia, evropelebisgan gansxvavebiT, qarTvelebs meti motivacia hqondaT mahmadianebTan saomrad. qarTvelebis damarcxebis gareSe ki SeuZlebeli iqneboda ierusalimis, antioqiis dabruneba, bizantiaze Seteva, evropisken daZvra. qarTuli saxelmwifos mzardi Zala am yvelafers safrTxes uqmnida.
swored amitom Turq-arab-sparsTa samxedro koalicia daiZra saqarTvelosken da ara ierusalimisken. koalicias xelmZRvanelobda nejm ad-din ilRazi, baRdadis gamgebeli, mardinis cixis mflobeli, alepos dampyrobi, antioqiaSi jvarosanTa dammarcxebeli. sulTanma mahmudma amitom Caabara mas gaerTianebuli jaris mTavrsardloba.
durbeizi (dubeis sadayas Ze) evfratze mdebare qalaq hilas patroni, `arabeTis mefe~.
ToRrul muhamedis Ze _ yazvinis, zenjanis, gilanis, asanisa da ganZis mflobeli, sulTani, muhamed sulTanis Zma.
TuRan arslan kuziani, Turqi amira, biTlisisa da arzanis mflobeli, somxeTis qalaq dvinis dampyrobi.
`yovelTa somxeTisa amirebi~ da `sadRac vin iyo... mxedrobad SemZlebeli~.
somexi istorikosis maTe urhaecis cnobiT, mahmadianTa laSqari 560 aTas kacs Seadgenda.
antioqiis samTavros kancleris goties monacemebiT, musulmanTa jari 600 aTas iTvlida.
daviTis istorikosis sityviT, Turq-arab-sparsebi `viTarca qviSa zRvisa~ movidnen `TrialeTs, manglis da didgors~.
ivane javaxiSvili da SoTa mesxia miiCnevdnen, rom musulmanTa koalicia 300000-ze naklebi ar iqneboda, yovel SemTxvevaSi, isini qarTvelebze gacilebiT metni iyvnen.
mahmadianebi yarsi-TrialeTis, dvinisa da ganZis mxareebidan Semosulan saqarTveloSi da 1121 wlis 10 agvistosTvis Tavi mouyriaT manglis-didgorSi.
somexi maTe urhaecis TqmiT, daviT mefes brZolis velze gamouyvania 40000 qarTveli, 15000 yivCaRi, 500 osi da 100 evropeli jvarosani. Cveni laSqari didgoris vels niCbisis gziT miuaxlovda da or mTas Soris dabanakda. daviTs dasavleTidan unda Seetia, demetre ufliswuls ki moulodnelad mTaze gaSlili tyidan unda daertya. raTa ukandasaxevi gza moeWra mtrisTvis. laSqris ukan xevi xis jebirebiT Caxerges. am adgils dResac Caxergilas uwodeben.
brZolis win daviT aRmaSenebelma sityviT mimarTa jars: `eha, meomarno qristesano! Tu RvTis sjulis dasacavad TavdadebiT vibrZolebT, aramc Tu eSmakis uricxv mimdevarTa, aramed TviT eSmakebsac advilad davamarcxebT, da erT rames girCevT, rac Cveni patiosnebisa da sargeblobisTvis kargi iqneba: Cven yvelam, xelebis cisaken apyrobiT, Zlier RmerTs aRTqma mivceT, rom misi siyvarulisTvis am brZolis velze davixocebiT da ar gaviqceviT. da raTa ar SegveZlos gaqceva, kidevac rom movindomoT, am xeobis Semosavali, romliTac SemovsulvarT, xeTa xSiri xorgebiT SevkariT da mters, roca mogviaxlovdeba Cvenze ieriSis mosatanad, mtkice guliT daundoblad SevutioT!~
didgoris brZola RvTismSoblis marxvis xuTSabaT dRes, 12 agvistos momxdara.
roca meomari mxareebi erTmaneTis win gaewyvnen, mefis brZanebiT laSqars orasi qarTveli vaJkaci gamoeyo. isini mters miuaxlovdnen. urjuloebs egonaT, mefes uRalates da Cvens mxares gadmovidneno. amitom daubrkoleblad SeuSves TavianT ganlagebaSi. uecrad Tavganwirulebma xmlebi iSiSvles da mters daerivnen. aman areuloba gamoiwvia mtris rigebSi, ukana razmebs egonaT, davmarcxdiTo da TavdaviwyebiT garbodnen. WyletaSi bevri daixoca. sanam mteri gons movidoda, daviT mefe da qarTvelTa jari mters ekveTa. gaCaRda daundobeli brZola. am dros mTidan daeSva demetre daviTis Ze Tavisi laSqriT da flangidan Seutia mters.
`iqmna sastiki brZola or mTas Soris, ise, rom laSqarTa saSineli xmaurisgan es mTebic xmaurobdnen~, _ wers maTe urhaeci.
`pirvelsave omsa iota banaki maTi da ivltoda...~ gviambobs daviTis istorikosi. brZola sul sami saaTi gagrZelebula. `sam Jamamde iyo da verca pirvelsa kueTebasa SeuZles winadadgomad~.
`rameTu (daviTs) xeli maRlisai Seeweoda da Zali zegardmoi hfarvida mas; da wmidai mowame giorgi gancxadebulad da yovelTa saxilvelad wina-uZRoda mas da mklaviTa TvisiTa mosrvida zeda-mowevnulTa usjuloTa maT warmarTTa, romel TviT igi usjuloni da umecarni moRmarT aRiarebdes da mogviTxrobdes saswaulsa amas mTavarmowamisa giorgissa~, _ gviambobs daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosi.
mahmadianebi gaiqcnen, qarTvelebi misdevdnen, Cexdnen an qaTmebiviT iWerdnen. `aRivsnes velni, mTani da Releni mZorebiTa~.
gotiesa da maTe urhaecis cnobiT, 400000 musulmani mouklavT qarTvelebs. Cvenc mogvikles meomrebi, magram daviTis laSqris danaklisi imdenad mcire iyo mterTan SedarebiT, rom Tanamedroveebs arc aRuniSnavT.
`Zlevai sakvirveli~ didad mniSvnelovani iyo imdroindeli msofliosTvis. qristianebi ganmtkicdnen palestinaSi, bizantiaSi, mcire aziaSi. mahmadianebi gatydnen. am brZolam 66 wliT gadado ierusalimis dakargva jvarosnebisgan. saqarTvelo uZlevel qveyanad iqca.
momdevno wels daviT aRmaSenebelma aiRo qalaqi tfilisi `oTxas wel qonebuli sparsTa~, amieridan Tbilisi gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi gaxda.
1123-1124 wlebSi wmida mefem anisis somxeTis da Sirvanis (dRevandeli azerbaijanis) olqebic SemouerTa saqarTvelos da Tbilisi saqarTvelos kavkasiuri imperiis dedaqalaqad iqca.
mxolod homeross an rusTvels SeeZloT, jerovnad aReweraT `Zlevai sakvirveli!~

                    SamqorSi gamarjvebulma qarTvelebma sultnis
                        sasaxleSi Roris xorciT iqeifes

brZnuli da RvTisnieri qmedebebiT Tamar mefem SidaqarTuli dapirispirebebi Caacxro da erT muStad Sekra qarTveloba. aman mTeli qarTuli samxedro resursi saqarTvelos imperiis gavlenis gavrcelebisken mimarTa. es, rasakvirvelia, ar awyobdaT arc maxlobel musulmanur saxelmwifoebs, arc Sua, wina da mcire aziaSi arsebul uZlieres mahmadianur sasulTno-saxalifoebs.
`lomi brWyalTagan sacnaur ars da Tamar _ saqmeTagan~. izrdeboda da izrdeboda saqarTvelos samflobeloebi da mcirdeboda TurqTa da sparsTa. qarTvelebma `iwyes yovelgniT rbevad sparseTisa da iqmnebodes ganmarjvebani sakvirvelni~. alafiT aivso qarTvelTa mxedroba, xolo mahmadianni `viTarca melni imalvodes da viTarca mTxunvelni Zvrebodes miwaTa Sina~.
uRonobam moicva musulmanebi, amitom maTi xelmZRvanelebi Seikribnen, SeiRebes tansacmeli da piri Savad da mividnen musulmanTa sulier liderTan, islamis damaarseblis, mociqul mahmadis sisxlismier STamomavalTan, xalifasTan. xalifas sTxoves daxmareba. man gaxsna Tavisi saganZuri, idumalad gaagzavna Sikrikebi avRaneTis, indoeTis, samaryandis miwebidan moyolebuli yvela musulmanur samflobeloSi, TviT darubandamde.
xalifam brZaneba gasca, vinc ar wamovidoda saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg saomrad, Tavad misi qveyana aeoxrebinaT.
am droisTvis iranis azerbaijanis, namdvili, Zveli azerbaijanis _ adarbadaganis gasultanebuli aTabagi yizil-arslani gardacvalebuli iyo uZeod. memkvidreobiT misi samflobelo ergoT misi Zmis fehlevandis (`falavandis~) Svilebs. ufrosma xutluinanCim sakuTrebad miiRo `erayiT xuarasnamdis da babiloanamdis~; abubeqrma (`amir-bubaqarma~) adarbadagani somxiTamde; amir-mirmanma _ `irani gurganis zRviT belaqunis zRuadmde~. Zmebs Soris pirvelobisTvis omi gaCaRda. abubeqrma ufrosi Zma, xutluinanCi daamarcxa, gaaqcia da TviTon dajda aTabagad. amir-mirmani saqarTvelos vasalis, Sarvan-Sahis siZe gaxda. abubeqri `belaynis kars~ Tavs daesxa maT da gaaqcia.
Sirvan Sahs stiqiuri ubedurebac daatyda Tavs. miwisZvram daangria Sirvanis dedaqalaqi Samaxia. SarvanSas coli da Svilebi daiRupnen.
gaubedurebul Sirvan Sahs abubeqrisgan qveynis aoxrebis saSiSroeba adardebda. misi mxsneli mxolod RmerTi da `RmerTisgan RmerTqmnilni daviT da Tamar~ iyvnen.
aRsarTan Sarvanis Sahma werili moswera Tamars da daviTs, Tavis suzerenebs da Svela sTxova.
saqarTvelo valdebuli iyo daxmareboda qveSevrdoms. Tamar mefem brZaneba gasca laSqris Sekrebisa. oqroWedil taxtze dasxdnen Tamari, daviTi da Ze maTi giorgi. didis pativiT miiRes aRsarTani da amir-mirmani, aseve maTi Tanmxlebni. mere gamovidnen tfilisidan da mefes da didebulebs miegebnen saqarTvelos samsaxurSi myofi osebi da yivCaRebi; _ maSin `Zma yivCayTa mefisa sevinjisa savalaTi aqa iyo samsaxurad~. daviT aRmaSeneblidan moyolebuli saqarTvelo qiraobda xolme yivCaRebs da sxvebs `roqis spad~, _ aseve `mesxni da Torelni; SavS-klarj-taoelni; Semdgomad somxiTarni; Semdgomad afxazni da suan-megrel-gurielni Tana raWa-Takuer-margueliTurT~.
stumrebisTvis puroba gaimarTa, Semdeg nadimi. Tamar mefis natifma da daxvewilma qcevam da silamazem, qarTuli samxedro Zalis demonstrirebam imdenad aRafrTovana daxmarebis saTxovnelad mosulni, rom `gancvifrebulqmnilTa, ficiTa daamtkices:
_ ara naxula kacTa TvalTagan, arca wagvikiTxavs ZvelTa werilTa Sina, gina axalTa, saxe Tamarisi da msgavsi qceviTa yofisa misisa~.
didi STabeWdileba datoves maTze daviT soslanma da qarTvelma meomrebma: `gavimagrneT gulni Cuenni da aRviZarcvoT kmaeba SeWirvebisa TualTagan CuenTa! WeSmaritad Zaluc xsna Cueni da kvaladgeba mamuladve Cvenda~.
amir-mirmanis sapativcemulod iyo `zma mgosanTa da muSaiTTa~, nadiroba da `burToba~, mTeli kviris ganmavlobaSi.
amir-mirmani da misi amala eraySi, eransa da adarbadaganSi saukeTeso moburTalebad iTvlebodnen. daviT soslani Tavisi moymeebiT gaejibra maT. `saWvretelad~ brwyinvale Tamar mefec mobrZanda. qarTvelebma mswrafl Zlies burTaobaSi stumrebs.
saqarTvelos samefo kari amasobaSi saomrad emzadeboda. aTi dRis ganmavlobaSi `viTarca groi SevardenTa, mofrinda yoveli mxedari~ tfilisSi.
wmida mefem saqarTvelos yvela monastersa da eklesias SeuTvala `raTa daucadebelni Ramis Tevani da litoniobani aResrulebodian yovelsa adgilsa~. glaxakTaTvis gasca `friadi safase~, raTa moicalon locvad da mowyale yon RmerTi. nu sada Tqvan warmarTTa: sada ars RmerTi igi maTi!~
Sekrebil laSqars mefeTa mefem mimarTa: `Zmano Cemno, yovlad nu SeZrwundebian gulni Tqvenni simravlisa maTisaTvis da simcirisa Tqvenisa, rameTu RmerTi Cven Tana ars... mxolod RmerTsa oden mieT da gulni Tqvenni simarTliT ipyreniT winaSe missa da sasoeba yoveli jvarisa mimarT qristesa iyavn. Seiswrafed qveyanad maTda SewevniTa yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaTa da ZaliTa uZlevelisa jvarisaTa waremarTeniT~.
wmida dedofalma daloca jari da Seavedra RmerTs, `waruZRvana Zeli cxovrebisa~. TviTon fexT gaixada da fexSiSveli avida RvTismSoblis saxelobis metexis taZarSi. yovladwmidas xatis winaSe daucxromlad loculobda da cremliT evedreboda RmerTs qristianTa gamarjvebas.
daviT soslanma waimZRvana Zeli cxovrebisa da sviani droSa `gorgaslian-bagratoanuri~.
qarTuli jari, romelsac Tavi moeyara mtkvris, algeTis, qciisa da qurdvaWris (qciis Senakadi mdinare debeda) xeobebSi, daiZra Samqorisken.
amasobaSi abubeqri Tavisi uricxvi laSqriT qalaq SamqorSi da mis midamoebSi gamagrda. mzveravebma daviT soslans ambavi miutanes: `Cven TvaliTa CeveniTa gvixilvan aTasni aTasTani da bevrni bevrTani, umravlesni ricxvisani, viTarca mkalni da viTarca qvisa zRvisa SamqoriTgan vidre mTad SoTisa da vardanaStisa ganZis karamdi, ver misawvdomel arian Tvalni gancdad da gardawTomad~.
mefe daviT da jari mtris ricxvmravlobas ar SeuSinda, piriqiT, mswrafl moqmedebaze gadavida.
`aRiWurva mefe da Sejda zerdagsa~. es cxeni Zalian saxelganTqmuli iyo. igi cixisa da miwebis safasurad vaxtang xaCenelisgan eyida daviTs. `hkres spermurTa da sces zari, daawyves razmi wesisamebr. miuwia wverman mTad da marcxniTgan _ mtkvrad~. ase dawyobili razmi miuaxlovda Samqors. mefem jari orad gayo. erT, ufro mravalricxovan nawils Tavad uTava, marjvniv Semouara Samqors, gadalaxa Samqor-Cais mdinare, raTa SamqorisTvis zurgidan daertya, Caeketa Samqorisa da ganZis gzebi. aseTi manevri mters daabnevda, romelic imdenad mindobili iyo Tavis mravalricxovnobas, Samqoris cixesimagris siZlieresa da masTan misasvleli xevis gauvalobas, rom daetovebina ganZisa da aranis gamagrebuli adgilebi. Samqor-Cais garda, mowinaaRmdege gamagrebuli iyo mtkvarSi Camavali mdinareebis koSka-Caisa da ganja-Cais xeobebSi.
qarTvelTa mewinave razmi Camoxta cxenebidan, Tayvani sces RmerTs da wmida jvars cremliT da mters `viTarca arwivTa mimarTes da viTarca vefxni ekveTnes...~
mewinave, marjvena frTis samoqmedo areali viwro iyo, mxolod mewinaveni Tu ebrZodnen erTmaneTs. daviT mefis razms cudi gzis gamo manevri Seuyovnda. mewinave qarvelebs cxenebi gamoukles, is iyo gauWirdaT qarTvelebs, rom moaxlovda mefe daviTi da gamoCnda `droSa igi gorgasliani, romeli sindeTs SeslviTgan mospetakdeboda~.
mefis mosvlamdis uZlebda aTabagis jari. magram ra ixiles soslani, Tavzari daecaT mahmadianebs. qarTvelebma `daaTvres isarni sisxliTa da xrmalni Wamdes xorcTa mterTa maTTasa. da mefe iqceoda msgavsad aqilevisa~.
qarTvelTa jarma ar misca musulmanebs manevrirebis saSualeba. mdevarma erT mxriv ganZis mxrisken, meore mxriv gelaqunisken mouWra gza mahmadianebs. `viTarca TagvTa mosvrides da viTarca qaTamTa ipyrobdes didTa maT amiraTa maTTa baRdadelTa da musulelTa, avrielTa da erayelTa da adarbadaganelTa da eranelTa da sxvaTa mravalTa adgilTasa... wevrTa zidviT moiyvanebdes winaSe daviT mefisa~.
Tavad abubeqr aTabagi SeSinebuli gaiqca da mxolod imiT gadairCina Tavi, rom `miwevnulman xnarcvsa sadme mciresa miwasa Sina dafla Tavi Tvisi~.
qarTvelebma sami qalaqi daionavres~, erTi aTabagisa, erTi aTabagis Zisa beSqen qvelisa, erTi saTmaz ezdinis Zisa~.
qarTvelma gmirma Salva axalcixelma xalifas droSa waarTva musulmanebs. mtris devnisgan mobrunebul mefes Seegeba anton mwignobarTuxucesi _ Wyondideli, romelmac xmali ar amoiRo, rameTu beri iyo, magram sami yrma msaxuris meSveobiT xelT Caigdo samasi jori da aqlemi.
daviT mefesTan gamocxaddnen SarvanSa da amirmirman, aseve qarTveli sardlebi, Camoxtnen cxenebidan da Tayvani sces.
im aremareSi medreseTa magier aRmarTes eklesiani da myivara molaTa magier hkres Zelsa da adidebdnen adonais, ufal sabaoTs.
es moxda 1195 wlis 2 ivniss. meore dRes, diliT Samqorelebma mefes miarTves qalaqis kliteni. daviT soslanma Samqori amirmirmans uboZa. TviTon gaemarTa ganZas. gamoegebnen didebulebi, didvaWarni, yadi da molebi. daecnen miwaze da cremliT Seavedres Tavi da col-Svili. gauRes mefes qalaqis kari, daufines stavra sultanis sasaxlemdis `da gardaasxmides Tavsa oqrosa da vercxlsa, dramasa da drahkansa~.
Seiyvanes mefe daviTi sultanis sasaxleSi da sultanis taxtze dasves. Seiqmna darbazoba. Semovidnen qarTveli vezirebi, SarvanSa da amirmirmani da sxva qveSevrdomni Zvelni da axalni.
ijda daviT-mefe da sultani taxtze, aTabagis Ze, Sarvan Sahi da sxva ymebi eTayvanebodnen. ganjelebma didi ZRveni da xaraja Seswires.
`fanjnobaTasa sasultnosa ukres da Roris xorciTa didad Zali puroba gardaixades~.
Tamar mefeTa mefis gasaxareblad daviT mefem malemsrboli gamoagzavna. ramdenime dReSi Tavadac gamoemgzavra, jarTan erTad.
bednieri Tamari win Seegeba gamarjvebul qarTvelTa jars. Tamar mefisa da moqalaqeebisTvis saCveneblad zaqaria da ivane mxargrZelebma tyveebi da alafi qalaqgareT gamofines. didubis velze avWalamde da gldanis xevamde daayenes tyve amirebi sakuTari droSebiT, pirvel rigSi xalifas droSa, romelic Salva axalcixelma                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Tamars miuZRvna, mere aTabagis droSa, mere tyveebi, Tormeti aTasi kaci, ormoci avaza, oci aTasi cxeni, Svidi aTasi jori, TxuTmeti aTasi aqlemi. xolo oqro, vercxli, WurWeli, lari da sxva alafi imdeni iyo, rom daiRleboda kaci daTvalierebiT.
ase gaamarjvebina RmerTma wmida daviT winaswarmetyvelis oTxmocdameerTe Svils, wmida Tamars.
mefeTa mefem xalifas droSa xaxulis RvTismSoblis xats Sewira. xolo RvTis sadideblad iambiko (leqsi) gamoTqva:

`casa caTasa damwyeb ars RmerTmTavroba,
Ze saukunobs pirveli da kvaladi,
sulman man RmerTman srulyo moqmedebadi,
samebiT srulman erTiTa RmrTaebiTa,
miwiT pirvelis, pirmSoisa kacisa.
Sen mier misTvis drkusa mis ganmgebeli
drkui midrka uvnebeli vnebisadmi,
ivno da vneba pirveli uvnebel yo,
Sengan Sobilman Cven Rirsgvyvna aRmoSobad
bneliT naTelsa, naTeliTa mxedvelobad.
Sengan qalwulo, romelsa SenTvis daviT
rokvida, Zisa RmerTisa Zed Senda yofad,
me, Tamar, miwa Seni da mierive,
cxebulobasa Rirsmyav da Tvisobasa.
edems, RadirTad, samxriT da CrdiloeTiT
Suamflobeli iavars Senda vmrTelob,
xalifas droSa Tanave maniaksa
SevrTe, cru-sjulTa moZRvrisa Razod mZRvani,
vin daviT, Zeebr efremis moisarman,
moirTxna, mosrna sultniTa, aTabagiT.
erans ebrZoles Cemi mier misTa spaTa
Cvenni mxedarni, mosavni Senni, sZalo
mowylnes, moswyvides agaris naTesavni.
muniT moxmulTa niWTagan erTsa amas
Senda Sevwirav. moixe Zeebr, RmerTo!

es sixaruli Tamar mefes wmida guls agarianebma cremliT Seucvales. damarcxebulma abubeqrma Suri iZia da moawamvlina Tavisi Zma, saqarTvelos ymadSeficuli amirmirmani. es rom gaigo wmida Tamarma, didad damwuxrda, Savebi Caicva da iglova yma.
daviT soslanma abubeqris dasasjelad mzadeba daiwyo. am periodSi ivane mxargrZels, romelic gelaqunSi laSqrobda, Sexvda mtris laSqari, romelic ganZidan dvinisaken miemarTeboda. mahmadianebi aTjer metni iyvnen. qarTvelebi ar SeuSindnen da `dafanCes da dapantes...~ `daxoces...~ da risxva RmerTisa moavlines maTs zeda~. am laSqrobiT gelaqunis (sevanis) tbis garSemo qveynebi saqarTvelos SemouerTdnen. Semdeg Tamar mefem Seyara laSqari, erTi nawili gagzavna dvins da daimorCila dvini, meore nawilma ilaSqra ganjaSi, ocdaxuTi dRe dayves qalaqSi da amowyvites damnaSave ganZelebi daviT mefem da qarTvelebma. ase dasajes abubeqri da waarTves mas dvini da ganja.

RmerTsa da wmida Tamaris cremlebs mindobil
gmirTa gamarjveba basianSi

1203 wels mahmadianTa didi koalicia daiZra saqarTvelos gasanadgureblad. dasavleT TurqTaTvis yvelaze did xifaTs saqarTvelo warmoadgenda. Tamar mefis brZnulma politikam da qarTuli samxedro Zalis uZlevelobam sul ufro da ufro gaafarTova saqarTvelos sazRvrebi, ukan da ukan gadaswia TurqTa samflobelo da samoqmedo areali.
saqarTvelos imperia safrTxes uqmnida Turqul imperias, rumis (ikoniis) sasulTnos. saqarTvelos mezobeli mahmadiani samTavroebi damorCilebulni iyvnen Tbilisis samefo kars. arabTa, yovelTa musulmanTa xalifa ZRveniT sTxovda Tamars, mxolod xarki aeRo mahmadianTagan da ar erbia isini. wina azia-mcire aziaSi or metoqes Soris, TurqTa da qarTvelTa imperiebs Soris, Setakeba gardauvali gaxda.
amisTvis didxans emzadeboda rumis sultani ruqnadini _ ruq-al-din suleiman Sahi %qarTuli wyaroebiT `nuqradin (nuqardin) Caraslanis~ Ze) romelmac Tavisi Zma yias ed-din qeixusrevi taxtidan Camoagdo da sultani gaxda. Semdeg daimorCila aseve Tavisi Zma, malaTiis gamgebeli muiz-ed-din-kaisur Sahi, aseve siZe fahrun-din-behrami, da mTeli ikoniis imperiis erTpirovnul mmarTvelad iqca. misi xelisufleba cno musulmanTa sulierma liderma, baRdadis xalifa nasir ad dinma da mis saxelze xutba aRavlina.
manamde Tamar mefis karsa da rumis sasulTnos diplomatiuri urTierTobebi hqondaT.
ruqnadinma `gaxsna mamapapuri saunjeni da gamoyarna oqro auracxeli da wargzavnida oqroTa SekrebisaTvis mxedrobisa~. SuamdinareTSi, kilikiaSi, galatiaSi, ankaraSi, kabadokiaSi, biTviniaSi, siriaSi, erzinkaSi, arzrumSi da mTels saTurqeT-samahmadianoSi `ara dauteva Tvinier dedakacisa sofelsa Sina maTTa, aramed yovelni aamxedra~.
`istoriani da azmani SaravandedTanis~ ucnobi avtoris TqmiT, saqarTvelosken daZrula 400 000 mahmadiani. basili ezosmoZRvaris TqmiT, musulmanebi rvaasi aTasi iyvnen.
ruqnadinma Tavisi jari erzinkis sasulTnos teritoriaze Sekriba, iqve gaamzades saomari manqanebi. ixila ra aseTi mravalricxovnoba da momzadebuloba Tavisi armiisa, `aRzvavda guliT~, daiviwya qarTvelTa mefisTvis micemuli aRTqma mSvidobisa da Tavxeduri werili miswera wmida Tamar mefes:
`me, nuqardin sultani, yovlisa cisa qveSisa umaRlesi, mimsgavsebuli Zlierebasa angelozTasa, Tanamdgomi RmerTisa, movlinebuli didisa mohmedisagan. mogimcnob mefesa qarTvelTasa Tamars.
yoveli diaci regvenia. da Sen gibrZanebia qarTvelTad aRebad xrmalTa da RmrTisagan sayvarelisa islemTa erisa daxocad, musulmanTa, da kvalad naTesavsa zeda Tavisufalsa dadebad xarki ymeburi. da aw me moval, raTa usajo samarTali saxlsa sparsTasa da gangwvarTo Sen da eri ege Seni araodes aRebad xrmlisa, romeli RmerTsa CvenTvis uboZebia. xolo cxovnebiT igi oden vacxovno, romelman uwinares mosvlisa Cemisa Tayvanis mces winaSe karvisa Cemisa da aRiaros qadageba mohamad mociqulisa da uaryos sjuli Seni da xeliTa TvisiTa iwyos winaSe Cemsa lewad jvarisa, romlisa mimarT dagicT cudi sasoeba. da aw moelodi nacvalsa Cemsa, romeli SeamTxvie sparsTa~.
roca ruqnadinis elCi Tamar mefis sasaxleSi misula da werili waukiTxavs, mefisTvis `arasakadrebeli~ sityvebi uTqvams: `ukeTu mefeman Tqvenman dauteos sjuli, ipyras sultanman colad. da ukeTu ara dauteos sjuli, iyos xarWad sultnisa!~
ampartavani da uzrdeli elCis sityvebma aRaSfoTa samefo kari, `warmodga zaqaria amirspasalari da uxeTqa xeliTa pirsa da viTarca mkvdari daeca da idva~.
roca mociquli moasulieres, zaqariam uTxra: -elCi rom ar iyo, jer enas amogaclidi da mere Tavs mogaWridi aseTi kadnierebisTviso. mas saCuqrebi uboZes da sapasuxo werili misces.
werilis gagzavnamde Tamarma brZana nikofsiidan darubandamde saqarTvelos jaris Sekreba. gaqroldnen malemsrbolebi. ramdenime dReSi `viTarca vefxni sikiskasiTa da viTarca lomni guliTa~ Sekrba laSqari javaxeTs. mefeTa mefe Tamarma varZiis RvTismSoblis xatis winaSe cremlebiT Seavedra RmerTs daviT soslani, qarTvelTa jari da `droSa bednierad xmarebuli~. Semdeg ubrZana laSqars amxedreba, TviTon avida amaRlebul adgilas fexSiSveli, ise, rom yvela daenaxa da davarda locvad. mTeli laSqari aRelvebuli, cremlmoreuli ucqerda dedasa da dedofals da loculobda Tavadac. Tamarma cremliT daalto miwa. mere uxmo mxedarTmTavrebsa da erisTavebs TavisTan, raTa mTxveodnen wmida jvars, romelic Tavad Tamar mefes epyra xelT cali mxridan, meore mxridan _ ezosmoZRvar basilis da jvarismtvirTvels.
modiodnen qarTveli sardlebi, tiriliT eTayvanebodnen jvars da Tamar mefis xels, anderZs utovebdnen mefeTa-mefes da SesTxovdnen col-SvilTa, saxleulTa mfarvelobas da Tavisi sulisaTvis locvas.
Semdeg Tavad wmida Tamarma aiRo xelSi wmida jvari da jvari gadaswera jars samgzis, daloca.
90 aTasi qarTveli gmiri RmerTsa da wmida Tamaris cremlebs mindobili saomrad gaemgzavra. mefeT-mefe fexSiSveli da Tvalcremliani miacilebda laSqars, Semdeg oZrxes wavida salocavad da samarxulod.
qarTvelTa laSqarTan erTad gaamgzavres ruqnadinis mociquli, romelic kargad daasaCuqres, misces sapasuxo werili da gauSves patronTan.
oZrxeSi Tamar mefesTan erTad iyvnen qarTlis kaTalikosi Tevdore ||, `kaci wmida da saxieri~, episkoposebi, berebi, monazvnebi, maT Soris ioane SavTeli, `kaci yovlad ganTqmuli~, `filosofosi da ritori, leqsTa gamomTqmeli~, da evlogi, salosad wodebuli, romelsac RvTisgan winaswarmcnobelobis madli hqonda miniWebuli.
iyo RamisTeva, locva da litanioba mTeli saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebSi. Tavad Tamaric Rameebs texda locvaSi. gadioda dReebi. erT mSvenier dRes Tamar mefis winaSe iyvnen ioane SavTeli da evlogi. uceb evlogim zemoT daiwyo cqera, Semdeg sulelis msgavsad RaRadeba daiwyo salosma. mere samjer axta da iyvira: `aha,wyaloba RmrTisa saxlsa zeda Tamarissa moiwia!~
amis Semdeg evlogi gaiqca da avida araganis mTaze. ioane SavTelma uTxra mefes, keTili Cveneba ixila salosmao. CainiSnes dRe da saaTi.
Tamar mefis dalocvis Semdeg daZruli qarTvelTa jari basians miadga, adgils, romelsac boliscixes uwodeben, iq iyo dabanakebuli nuqardinis jari.
basianis mxare odiTgan qarTuli tomebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. swored kolxuri tomis, fasianebis saxeli Seerqva am kuTxes. adgili, sadac basianis brZola moxda, daaxloebiT 60 kilometriTaa daSorebuli qalaq arzrumidan (karnu-qalaqi). Tamaris dros basianic SemouerTda saqarTvelos. xolo arzrumi, aseve Zveli qarTuli, diaoxis, kolxeTis teritoria, dakavebuli hqondaT Turqebs, Tumca Semdeg Tamarma arzrumis saamiro saqarTvelos dauqvemdebara. mecxramete saukunemde arzrumSi ijda qarTveli episkoposi, arzrumeli.
qarTvelTa jarze gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi, basianidan sami mimarTulebiT undoda Semoseoda saqarTvelos ruqnadini. basianidan iRebs saTaves Woroxis xeoba (TorTumi, arTvini _ aWara), mtkvris xeoba (olTisi, artaani, axalcixe), araqsis xeoba (yarsi _ anisi).
qarTvelebi rom miuaxlovdnen nuqradinis banaks, miavlines kidec misi elCi, romelsac Tan hqonda saqarTvelos imperatoris werili:
`Zalsa RmrTisa yovlisa mpyrobelisasa mindobilman da maradis qalwulisa mariamis mvedrebelman da patiosanisa jvarisa sasoebiT mosavman warvikiTxe RmrTisa ganmarisxebeli wigni Seni, hoi nuqardin, da vscan sicrueni Senni, romelTa bWe RmerTi iyos. ara gasmiesa,~ rameTu `yoveli crud mfucavi saxelsa RmrTisasa mis mier aRixocos?~
Sen oqrosa SekrebulTa simravlisa mevireTa mindobil xar umecari msjavrsa RmrTisasa. xolo me arca simdidreTa, arca spaTa CemTa simravlesa, arca ras sxvasa kacobrivsa saqmesa mindobil var, aramed Zalsa RmrTisasa yovlisa mpyrobelisasa da Sewevnasa qristes jvarisasa, romelsac Sen hgmob.
ese-ra-viTari SemogeTvala, warmomivlenia mxedroba qristes mosaxele ara Senda Tayvaniscemad, aramed damxobad Senda- zvavisa magis da ampartavnisa gulisa Senisa, raTa ganiswavlo RmrTisa mier arRara gmobad saxelsa missa. iyavn neba RmrTisa da nu Seni, samarTali misi da nu Seni! xolo me uwyi daxsniloba msaxurTa SenTa. amisTvis warmomivlenies msaxuri Cemi, raTa wignisa Senisa pasuxi adre mogarTvas da gangakrZalos, rameTu Cem mier warmovlenilTa spaTa ferxni, esera, karTa SenTa zeda dganan~.
es werili rom waikiTxa ruqnadinma, marTlac, qarTvelebi misi jaris win iyvnen dabanakebuli. gabudayebul ruqnadins darajebic ki ar eyena, amitom qarTvelebi moulodnelad miadgnen da daesxnen Tavs. saerTo sardloba daviT soslans ebara. winambrZolebi iyvnen zaqaria mxargrZeli _ amirspasalari, Salva mandaturTuxucesi da misi Zma ivane axalcixeli, Wiaberi da sxva Torelebi. ra dainaxes musulmanebma qarTvelTa uSiSrad Seteva, miatoves sadgomebi da gamagrebul adgilebs Seefarnen. TurqTa am nawilebs meore eSeloni wamoeSvela. xangrZliv brZolaSi cxenebi dauxoces ivane mxargrZel msaxurTuxucess, zaqaria gagels, Salva da ivane axalcixelebs da sxvaTa mravalTa TavadTa~. sxva qarTvelebma es rom ixiles, gawires Tavi da CamoqveiTdnen. dadga kritikuli momenti. am dros daviT soslanma genialuri xerxi ixmara, man Turqebis winaaRmdeg datova CamoqveiTebuli qarTvelebi, raTa Tavad qarTvelTa cxenebs ar daezianebinaT qveiTi TanamebrZolebi. daviTi marcxnidan, xolo zaqaria mxargrZeli marjvnidan cxenosani molaSqr!
eebiT ekveTnen mtris jaris flangebs. `viTar mgeli cxovarTa, egreT Seucvivdes uricxvTa maT spaTa sultanisaTa~.
soslanis gegmam warmateba moitana, `anasdaT egeodeni simravle gansqda, iZlia, daipanta da amas gvanda Tvalgardauwdomeli igi laSqarTa simravle, viTa maRnari miwiTurT moglejili iyo da ganqceul. da sadeTca Tvali miswvTeboda, yovelgan tyeTa msgavsi laSqari ixilveboda ltolvili~.
qarTvelebi gamoudgnen mters, Ramemde sdevdnen da xocavdnen an ipyrobdnen. mahmadianebi Tavadac `dasTrgunvidnen urTierTs~ gaqceulni.
mahmadianTa gaqcevis dro aRmoCnda is Jami, rodesac salos evlogis Cveneba hqonda.
qarTvelTa jaris alafi auracxeli iyo _ pirvel rigSi ruqnadinis droSa, oqro, vercxli, Zvirfasi WurWeli, cxenebi, jorebi, aqlemebi, karvebi, fardagebi, Tval-margaliti da sxva.
mahmadianTa karvebSi qarTvelebma ipoves Saqris natexebis mTa. im adgilebSi bevri wyaro iyo. qarTvelma meomrebma muzaradebs amoafxriwes Casafenebi, SaqriT gatenes, wyali daasxes da svamdnen.
uamravi tyve igdes qarTvelebma xelT. maT Soris Turqi amirebi da warCinebulebi, romlebic zogi cxenis Zuaze mibmuli, zogi ki TmebiT urTierTgadabmuli, sxvebi TokebiT gabawrulni mihyavdaT, `viTarca Tikanni~.
mefeTa mefe varZiaSi Seegeba gamarjvebul laSqars. saxelovani daubrunda daviT soslani Tavis mzes.
sruliad saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis imperiis dedaqalaqi tfilisi didad mokazmuli Sexvda triumfator laSqars. moqalaqeebis win gaatares datyvevebuli mahmadianebi. Tamar mefe lmobierad moepyro tyveebs _ amirebs, mxedarTmTavrebs, didebulebs, ar moakvlevina, mxolod cixeebSi gamoamwyvdia. ezinkis sultani cxenis nalad gayida.
musulmanebmac aRweres basianis brZola. amira nassir eddin iahia `seljuy-nameSi~ wers: `varskvlavebiviT mravalricxovani~ jariT ruqnadini Seesia saqarTvelos. omis dros orive mxridan bevri daiRupa. musulmanebs unda gaemarjvaT, magram moxda gauTvaliswinebeli ram. cxens, romelzec ijda ruqnadinis saCrdiloblis mWiravi msaxuri, raRac cxovelis soroSi Cauvarda fexi. msaxuri Camovarda da saCrdilobelic miwaze davarda. mahmadianebs egonaT, sultans ubedureba SeemTxvao da SeSinebuli gaiqcneno.
Turq avtors unda cxovelis soros (Tu cxovels, albaT, Txunelas) da saCrdilobelis mWirav msaxurs (Tu mis cxens) gadaabralos mahmadianTa marcxi.
vfiqrob, qarTvelebma damsaxurebulad gaimarjves. isini sakuTar miwa-wyals, wmida dedofals da qristianobas icavdnen. xolo Tu marTla Cauvarda nuqardinis msaxuris cxens fexi soroSi, es im wuTSi iqneboda, roca evlogi soloss Cveneba hqonda.

marTlmadideblobis saswauli Tamar mefis karze

Tamar mefis karze msaxurobdnen qurTuli warmoSobis grigorianuli aRmsareblobis Zmebi _ zaqaria da ivane mxargrZelebi. zaqarias amirspasalaris Tanamdeboba _ saxelo ekava. ivanes _ msaxurTuxucesis. im dros saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi iyo ioane `sulmoberuli, kaci angelozTa mosagre~.
erTxel wirvisas zaqaria mxargrZelma sefiskveri moiTxova. mRvdlebma ar misces, radgan marTlmadidebeli ar iyo. zaqariam ZaliT aRitaca da SeWama sefiskveri, riTac ioane kaTalikosis risxva gamoiwvia: `sefiskveri Cvengan ar gekuTvniT mwvaleblebs, ZaRli Tu ikadrebs motacebas~. Sercxvenili zaqaria gaiZurwa, magram mefis darbazSi misvlisas Seudga Cveni sarwmunoebis, marTlmadideblobis gmobas, razec kaTalikosi jerovan pasuxs miugebda da uxsnida marTlmadideblobis arss.
zaqariam ver SeZlo patriarqTan Teologiis sakiTxebze kamaTi da Tavxedurad ganucxada qarTvel mamamTavars: `me mebrZoli kaci var da SenTan sityvieri paeqroba miWirs, moviyvan Cemi sarwmunoebis moZRvrebs da isini Segarcxvenen Sen.~
kaTalikosma miugo: `iyos neba qristesi da RvTismSoblisa da maT Searcxvinon mwvaleblebi.~
marTlac, zaqariam Camoiyvana somexTa kaTalikosi, episkoposebi da vardapetebi %sjulismecnierebi). samefo karze saqarTvelos qveSevrdomi monofiziti mRvdelmTavrebi pativiT miiRes.
daidga samsjavro. saqarTvelos mefes Tamars, mis meuRles daviTs, qarTvel patriarqs da warCinebulebs somxebi daupirispirdnen. vardapetebi kamaTs Seudgnen. ioane kaTalikosi brZnulad miuTiTebda gaukuRmarTebul Sexedulebebze da gonivrulad uxsnida qristianobis WeSmarit safuZvlebs. kamaTi saRamomde gagrZelda.
radgan sityvebma ver daarwmunes grigorianelebi, ioane sulmoberulma, suliwmidas mindobilma, somxebs SesTavaza, saqmiT gaerkviaT, Tu romeli sarwmunoeba iyo WeSmariti: `axali aRTqmiT qristem dagvidgina, veziaroT mis xorcsa da sisxls. WeSmariti sarwmunoebis mRvdelmsaxurs SeuZlia, puri qristes xorcad aqcios, xolo Rvino _ qristes sisxlad. Tu Tqveni sarwmunoeba ukeTesia, Tqven SeZlebT, puri aqcioT xorcad uflisa. xolo Tu Cveni sarwmunoebaa umjobesi, puri uflis xorcad Cveni locviT gadaiqceva. mogiyvanT ZaRls, sami dRe aSimSileT, Tan es Rameebi litaniobiTa da RvTis vedrebiT gaaTeneT. erTi ZaRli me momgvareT, sami dRe uWmelad Sevinaxav da Rameebs litaniobiT da RvTis vedrebiT gavaTeneb. mesame dRes Cem mier mRvdelmoqmedebul kvers davudeb Tqven mier naSimSileb ZaRls. Tqven moitaneT Tqveni sefiskveri da Cem mier naSimSileb ZaRls daudeT. vis sefiskversac ZaRli SeWams, misi sarwmunoeba ar aris WeSmariti qristianoba. Tu Tqvensas SeWams, Tqveni sircxvili iqneba, Tu Cemsas _ Cemi.~ somxebi daT!
anxmdnen. Tamari kaTalikosis sityvebma SeaZrwuna: `es ra Tqvi, vis SeuZlia amis qmna?!~ ioane patriarqma mSvidad miugo, rom ara sakuTari Tavis imediT, aramed `mindobiTa marTlmadideblobisa cxadvyofT WeSmaritebas~.
paraskevi dRe iyo, daiwyes locva, erTis mxriv, qarTvelebma, mefem patriarqma, warCinebulebma da samRvdeloebam da meore mxriv, somxebma, grigorianTa kaTalikosma, samRvdeloebam da mxargrZelebma. ase gaaTenes Rame.
SabaTsac gaagrZeles mRvdelmsaxureba da gaTenda kvira. mze amovida da yvela eklesiisaken gaemarTa. gaamzades wminda trapezi. orive krebuli tiroda, loculobda da Sewevnas SesTxovda ufals.
ioane angelozissworma kidev erTxel mimarTa monofizitebs: `axla gamoCndeba, Tu Tqveni sarwmunoeba moswons ufals, Tqveni sefiskveri qristes xorci iqneba, Tu Cveni moswons, Cveni iqneba misi xorci. ar ikadroT uaryofa.~
ioane Semosili idga, `viTarca godoli Seuryvneli~. xelSi saidumlo xorcqmnili sefiskveri ekava. brZana da mouyvanes somexTa mier naSimSilebi ZaRli. ioanem warmoTqva: `qriste meufeo... Sen... gTnavs sarwmunoeba qarTvelTa, gTnavs sarwmunoeba ese Cveni. Seuxeblad da miuaxleblad daicav... xorci ese Seni Cven mier mRvdelmoqmedebuli!.. aCvene ersa amas gza WeSmariti... sircxvileul yven winaaRmdgomni Cvenni!~
Semdeg daudo sefiskveri ZaRls. igi purisaken gaeqana, magram miuaxlovda Tu ara, yuriswamRebad daiwkmutuna da ver miekara sefiskvers. Tamar mefem da qarTvelebma cremlebiTa da sixaruliT adides RmerTi.
raRa unda eqnaT somxebs, moitanes Tavisi mRvdelmoqmedebuli sefiskveri da daudes qarTvelebis mier naSimSileb ZaRls, romelmac TvalisdaxamxamebaSi gadasansla somxuri kveri. `did xar Sen, ufalo, sakvirvel arian saqmeni Senni!~ _ sixaruliT gaiZaxodnen qarTvelni.
Sesves maT kaTalikosi Tavis cxenze, ioane mexuTes tabakiT epyra sefiskveri. mas laSqris win daatarebdnen da galobdnen 128-e fsalmuns:
`mravalgzis mbrZodes me mterni Cemni siyrmiT CemiTgan da me ver mereodes. beWTa CemTa mcemdes me codvilni da ganagrZes usjuloeba maTi. ufalman Semusrna qedni codvilTani. hrcxvenoden da marTl ukuniqcen yovelni moZuleni sionisani. ufalsa ugalobdiT, rameTu didebiT didebuli ars. ufalman Semusrna mebrZolni, ufali aris saxeli misi~. ase sixaruliT Semoiares mTeli banaki. SeuZlebelia aRiweros, Tu rogori sasoeba da madliereba hqondaT qarTvelebs RvTis mimarT.
somxebi TavCaRunuli da mdumareni idgnen, rogorc uWaobo bayayebi. Semdeg Sercxvenilebi wavidnen mxargrZelTa karavSi.
am saswaulis Semdeg ivane mxargrZeli marTlmadideblurad moinaTla, iseve,
rogorc sxva mravali somexi. Sercxvenilma zaqaria mxargrZelma ganacxada: `mivxvdi, qarTvelTa sarwmunoeba WeSmaritia, magram codva masze iyoso, vinc pirvelad ganudga marTlmadideblobas.~
ase daamtkica RmerTsa da marTlmadideblobas mindobilma ioane angelozTasworma qarTuli sarwmunoebis WeSmariteba.

rogor uvlidnen gvelebi daviT ulus, laSa giorgis Zes

imperator laSa-giorgis gardacvalebis Semdeg saqarTvelos mefeTa mefis taxti, laSas anderZisamebr, misma dam rusudanma daikava. rusudans, anderZis Tanaxmad, samefod unda aRezarda laSas Ze daviTi da roca igi srulwlovanebas miaRwevda, taxti misTvis unda daeTmo.
laSas daviTi veliscixeli glexis qalisgan hyavda, romelic qmars waarTva da colad undoda moeyvana, magram eklesiam ar misca amisi neba. giorgi-laSas veliscixeli qali wahgvares da qmars daubrunes. Cvili daviTi udedod izrdeboda mamidis _ rusudanis meTvalyureobiT.
rusudan mefes qal-vaJi SeeZina. misi asuli Tamari 1236 wels politikuri mosazrebiT miaTxoves rumis (ikoniis) sulTan yias ed-din qei xosrov II-s. Zis _ daviTis gaCenam gadaawyvetina rusudans, daviT laSas Ze Tavidan moeSorebina, sicocxlis bolomde taxti ar daeTmo da Tavis Semdeg gvirgvini sakuTari ZisTvis gadaeca.
am mizniT rusudanma Zmiswuli daviTi ikoniaSi gaagzavna da werili miswera siZes, sulTan yias ed dins, sadac mis mokvlas sTxovda. sulTans da mis meuRles Tamars, romelsac gurji xaTuns uwodebdnen, SeecodaT daviTi da ar mokles, piriqiT, didad Seiyvares.
gurji-xaTun Tamars didi pativiT eqceodnen sasulTnoSi. misi saxe qmarma fulze amoatvifrina. Tamars Tan axlda qristianebisgan Semdgari amala, Riad hqonda gamofenili macxovrisa da RvTismSoblis xatebi da qarTuli wesisamebr cxovrobda da loculobda.
laSa giorgis Zis rumSi wargzavnis Semdeg rusudanma quTaTisSi afxazeTis kaTalikoss Tanamefed akurTxebina Tavisi Ze daviTi. am dros igi mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelos _ afxazeTs akontrolebda. aRmosavleT da samxreT saqarTvelo, rusudanis uvargisi mefobis wyalobiT, jalal-ed-dins da xvarazmelebs eWiraT. amitom daviT rusudanis Zis gamefebas ver daeswrnen mcxeTeli kaTalikos-patriarqi, sruliad saqarTvelos didebulebi, maT Soris sargis Tmogveli, kaci `filosofosi~.
rusudans adardebda Tavisi Zis aralegitimuroba da amitom ar moiSala boroti saqmis keTeba, kvlav araerTxel miswera siZes da qaliSvils daviT laSas Zis mokvlis Txovna. yiasdini da Tamari misi ugulo zraxvis aRsrulebas ar apirebdnen.
am dros saqarTvelos monRolebi moadgnen, maT gaaqcies jalal-ed-dini, romelic mZinare viRac ubirma qurTma mokla basianSi. monRol-TaTrebi mTel aRmosavleT da samxreT saqarTvelos moednen da misi aoxreba daiwyes. TandaTanobiT monRolTa batonoba aRiares da xarki ikisres saqarTvelos didebuli aristokratiis warmomadgenelma qurT-somexTa STamomavlebma avag da SanSe mxargrZelebma, mere varam gagelma. mis magaliTs sxvebmac mibaZes. rusudani iZulebuli iyo, taxti rom ar daekarga, monRolebis batonoba eRiarebina. is aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, tfilisSi gadmovida monRolTa noinebTan, Tavisi Ze bardavs gagzavna da Tan didebulebi gaatana.
monRolma noinebma daviT rusudanis Ze Cingiz yaenis SviliSvilTan, baTo yaenTan wargzavnes, romelic flobda oseTs, yivCaReTs, xazareTs da ruseTs. baTo yaenma rusudanis vaJi monRoleTis umTavresTan da Cingizis mTavar memkvidresTan mangu yaenTan gaagzavna yarayurumSi.
mas Semdeg, rac monRolebma sruliad saqarTvelos mefoba rusudan dedofals daumtkices, TbilisSi SeuSves da misi Ze mefed dasamtkiceblad yaenTan gagzavnes, rusudani kvlav Seudga Tavisi gegmis ganxorcielebisTvis zrunvas, romelic Zmiswulis ganadgurebas iTvaliswinebda. monRolTa droindeli qarTveli JamTaaRmwereli aRSfoTebas ver faravs, miuxedavad imisa, rom mefis kritika eZneleba. igi ambobs: `JamTaaRmwerloba WeSmaritis metyveleba ars da ara Tvalabma visTvisme~. amitom mematiane ase afasebs rusudan mefis saqciels: `hoi goneba, mxecTa umZvinvaresi, vai mkvleloba, odesme smenilTa da gardasrulTa mkvlelobaTa uborotesi, romeli aRasrula Svilsa da Zmasa zeda damaviwyebelman dedobrivTa da ZmaebrivTa lmobaTaman~.
ra gaakeTa aseTi rusudanma? man miswera siZes: _ Cemi Zmiswulis mokvdineba Cems asuls imitom ar surs, rom misi sayvareliao.
marTlac, aseTi bilwi saqcieli saqarTvelos istorias ar axsovs. sakvirveli ar aris aseTma mefem rogor daRupa saqarTvelo _ didi imperia. rogor ar aRudga win jer xvarazmelebs, mere monRolebs.
gaafTrebuli sulTani yiasdini werilis wakiTxvisTanave SeiWra meuRlis, Tamar xaTunis samyofelSi, daulewa macxovrisa da RvTismSoblis xatebi, usastikesad scema, moukla qarTveli msaxurebi da mravali tanjvis Semdeg muslimanoba miaRebina.
daviTi Seipyres da mravaljer awames. igi Tavs imarTlebda. daviTis TqmiT, saqarTvelos damRupvelma mamidam imTaviTve gaaZeva igi samSoblodan, raTa pasuxi ar ego araferze da mas da mis Zes taxti SeenarCunebinaT.
sulTani odnav molba, ar moakvlevina daviTi. Tumca misi zRvaSi Cagdeba brZana. sulTanis `menaveTmoZRvarma~ da mezRvaurebma Sua zRvaSi Seacures daviTi dasaxrCobad.
daviTma sTxova menaveebs, ukanaskneli locvis ufleba miecaT. amoiRo ubidan yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xati da SesTxova: `yovladwmida dedao, Sen xar nugeSismcemeli sioblisa Cemisa da usamarTlo sikvdilisa. aRar meRirseba samare da miwa, SemWamen Tevzebi. mowyaled gevedrebi, mixseni me codvili codvaTagan CemTa da jojoxeTisgan~.
menaveebma tansacmeli gaxades, xati waarTves da wyalSi Cagdebas upirebdnen. daviTi evedra da xati daubrunes. da miuxedavad sulTnis danaqadisa, Tu daviTs ar daaxrCobT, ojaxebianad gaganadgurebTo, erTi ficari misces da ise Caagdes wyalSi.
yrma bagrationi RvTismSobelma Seiwyala, igi ficars CaeWida da ar CaiZira. ramdenime dRis Semdeg napirTan 143 nabijze miaxloebuli gonwasuli laSas Ze erTma vaWarma dainaxa da gadaarCina.
vaWari SviliviT dahfofinebda Tavs mefis Zes. eqvsi Tvis Semdeg es ambavi gacxadda da yiasdinis yuramde miaRwia. sulTanma Seapyrobina daviTi, vaWari da mezRvaurebi. mezRvaurebi mxolod vaWris naTqvamma gadaarCina, rom daviTi napirTan ipova.
yiasdinis brZanebiT, daviTi Rrma jurRmulSi Caagdes. am jurRmulSi gamZvinvarebuli Sxamiani gvelebi budobdnen. Turqebma didi lodi daaxures jurRmuls da ase miatoves sasikvdilod ganwiruli.
daviTs Tan hqonda RvTismSoblis xati. igi `dacul iqmna, viTarca daniel pirisagan lomisa~.
gvelebs SeuyvardaT laSas Ze, zogi yelze exveoda, zogi fexebze, zogi ubeSi uZvreboda, sxvebi gverdiT uwvebodnen alersiT. erTxel daviTi ZilSi gadabrunda, mxariT daawva erT gvels da atkina. gvelma simwriT ukbina daviTs. amis mnaxvelma sxva gvelebma dakbines da mokles is gveli, Semdeg eniT aulokes wyluli yrma bagrations da gankurnes.
ase sakvirvelebiT ganarida igi RmerTma yoveli safrTxisagan.
daviTs mamisgan miCenili hyavda msaxuri, saxelad sosana. sosanam amoTxara jurRmulis Tavi da iqidan awvdida wyalsa da purs ufliswuls.
xuTi weli dahyo laSas Zem jurRmulSi gvelebTan. am droisaTvis rusudan mefe gardaicvala. ukanaskneli wlebi man mwuxarebasa da glovaSi gaatara. araferi icoda Tavisi Zis daviTis Sesaxeb, romelic didi xniT daitoves urdoSi.
rusudanis gardacvalebis Semdeg saqarTvelo umefod darCa. daviT rusudanis Zisa araferi ismoda. qarTvelebs awuxebda monRolTa batonoba, moawyves kidec koxtasTavis SeTqmuleba, magram gaiTqvnen da mxolod cotne dadianis gmirobam ixsna didebulebi. saWiro iyo mefe, winamZRoli.
didebulebs gaaxsendaT laSas Ze. iqneb gaiges misi gadarCenisa da jurRmulSi tyveobis ambavi. ase iyo Tu ise, maT monRolebs ikoniis sulTnisgan misi gamoxsna mosTxoves. gurag mociquli _ elCi, varam gageli da sargis Tmogveli rumSi gaemarTnen.
sulTans ar ejera, laSas Ze Tu cocxali iyo. am dros gamoCnda sosana, romelmac auwya maT ufliswulis ambavi. varam gageli da sargis Tmogveli gulamoskvniT atirdnen, roca ixiles sikvdilis piras myofi, gayinuli, gayviTlebuli, ugrZelesi TmiT mosili da frCxilebgrZeli saqarTvelos taxtis memkvidre.
mTeli saqarTvelo sixaruliT miegeba laSas Zes. mefed dasamtkiceblad monRolTa noinebma oqros urdoSi, baTo yaenTan gagzavnes igi. baTom yarayorums miavlina.
laSas Zes urdoSi rusudanis Ze daxvda. qarTvel didebulTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaoba iyo, vis ufro ekuTvnoda taxti.
monRolTa yaenma orive daviTi daamtkica saqarTvelos mefed. laSas Zes uwodes ulu _ ufrosi, rusudanis Zes narini _ umcrosi da orive warmogzavnes samSobloSi.
erTi periodi erTad ganagebdnen mTel saqarTvelos tfilisidan. mere daviT narini dasavleT saqarTveloSi, afxazeTSi gadavida da quTaisis taxti daikava. igi ar emorCileboda monRolebs. Seagelva cxeni trapizonSi da es uZvelesi qarTuli mxare kvlav daubruna saqarTvelos gavlenas.
daviT laSas Ze saqarTvelos ocdasami weli, 1270 wlamde ganagebda. igi ramdenjerme aujanyda monRolebs, gaimarjva kidec brZolebSi, magram didebulTa Ralatis gamo damarcxda. misi ojaxi monRolebs Cauvarda tyved. misi meuRle gvanca, demetre Tavdadebulis deda, monRolebma sikvdiliT dasajes.
daviT laSas Zis Teslidan warmodgnen iseTi didi mefeebi, rogorebic iyvnen demetre Tavdadebuli (Svili) da giorgi brwyinvale (SviliSvili), wmida luarsab mefe, wmida qeTevan dedofali da sxvebi.

Hosted by www.Geocities.ws