agresia CrdiloeTidan

spartak rexviaSvili _ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis politologiis institutis wamyvani mecnier-

TanamSromeli

1921 wlis 22 Tebervals mamisonis uReltexiliT daiwyo wiTeli armiis nawilebis laSqroba saqarTveloSi. maT mohyvnen kirtiSos, karagomisa da rokis uReltexilebiT molaSqre qarTvel da os partizanTa razmebi. safuZveli Caeyara CrdiloeTidan saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis farTomasStabian dalaSqvras, rusuli reaqciuli Zalebis agresias.

uruxis xeobiT zamTris uZneles pirobebSi momavali `digoris + revoluciuri razmi~ kirtiSos uReltexilis mTasiqiTa pirvel sofel stirdigorSi dabanakda. aq SeufarebiaT Tavi sofel Wioridan momaval daRlil-daqancul, xel-fex moyinul c. gidoevsa da T. savlaevs TavianT nacnob-megobarTa ojaxebSi. wiTel partizanebs, sruliad usafuZvlod da umizezod, uazro eWvis safuZvelze, isini SeupyriaT da vladikavkavis damsjeli organoebisaTvis gadauciaT.

razmma, stirdigorSi Catarebuli mkacri represiebis Semdeg, zamTris umZimes pirobebSi, gadalaxa kirtiSos uReltexili da CveSuris xeobiT Cavida sofel RebSi, sadac 300 mebrZolidan, mxolod 145 mebrZoli CahyvaT.

gariJraJze siciviTa da didi TovliT gaToSili sofeli alyaSi moaqcies. SeSinebulma mosaxleobam, morCilebis niSnad, TeTri bairaRebiTa da pur-RviniT

soflis delegacia Seageba win momxdurebs. yalbi agitaciiTa da dapirebebiT gabriyvebulma soflis mosaxleobis uRaribesma nawilma erTguleba Sehfica da mxari dauWira gadamTiel partielebsa da maT cru mowodebebs.

umiwawylo Raribi mTielebi, yovelTvis SuriT uyurebdnen Tanasoflel mdidar-vaWarTa da SeZlebul glexkacTa qonebriv upiratesobas, maT mier Seubralebel da udier mopyrobas Raribi glexebisadmi, romlebsac Calis fasad gamostyuebdnen xolme miwis nakveTs Tu sxva qonebas. Ratak glexTa es kategoria didi enTuziazmiT Sexvda, agreTve, koleqtiuri cxovrebis SemoRebas soflad koleqtivSi carieli xelebiT Sesvlisa da miwis nakveTis miRebis imediT, kolmeurneobaSi mdidarTa Senatani sameurneo iaraRebis da gamwevi Zalis sxvebis Tanabrad sargeblobas rom hpirdebodnen. amitom iyo, rom revoluciuri brZolebis pirvel xanebSi bolSevikebi axerxebdnen duxWiri cxovrebiT ukmayofilo Rarib glexTa didi nawilis gadabirebas da saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego moZraobaSi Cabmas (l. ToiZe, rogor Seiqmna samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi, Tb., 1991, gv. 47).

SeZlebuli raWveli mTielebi, glexTa saSualo fena, vaWrebi da religiis msaxurni Tavidanve mtrulad da undoblad Sexvdnen mTis iqidan gadmosuli wiTeli razmebis sofelSi Semosvlas. aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom isini, rusuli xiStebisa da represiebis SiSiT, xmamaRla ver bedavdnen protestis gamoxatvas, magram TanasoflelTa Soris farul antibolSevikur agitaciasa da qiliks mainc eweodnen. isini gmobdnen erT jamSi xelis faTuris socialistur princips, kerZo sakuTrebis gauqmebas, eklesiis, religiuri rwmena-warmodgenebis da mRvdelmsaxurTa, vaWarTa da mdidar mesakuTreTa

devna-Seviwroebasa da abuCad agdebas, uqonelTa da zarmacTa win wamoweva-aRzevebas, mxolod da mxolod maTi siRaribis principis mixedviT.

didi usamarTloba da uzneoba gaxldaT, roca bolSevikuri propagandiT gabriyvebuli qarTveli da Crdilokavkasieli Raribi glexoba, maTTvis miuRebeli cxovrebis wesebis mqadageblebs xelgaSliTa da enTuziazmiT egebebodnen. am SemTxvevaSi, marTali iyvnen Sromismoyvare, SeZlebuli glexebi e.w. `kulakebi~ da glex-vaWrebi, romlebic cxovrebiseuli sibrZniT sWvretdnen momavals da momxdur-moZalade gadamTielebs zurgs aqcevdnen.

zamTris uZneles pirobebSi kirtiSos uReltexiliT gadmosuli wiTelrazmelebi, erTi dRe darCnen RebSi, meore dRes oni-quTaisis mimarTulebiT daiZrnen.

rusi jariskacebi da meTaurebi raWis gzispira soflebSi uxeSobdnen, Zaladobdnen, mSvidobian mosaxleobas aSinebdnen da gamosZalavdnen produqtebs da sasmelebs, arTmevdnen Zvirfaseulobas.

kvaSxieTel valerian goSaZis gadmocemiT, 1921 wlis Tebervlis bolos sofelSi xma dairxa _ bolSevikebi modiano. es is xalxia, vinc aravis ar daindobso. mosaxleobam, visac ra gaaCnda, yvelafris gadamalva daiwyo...

mZime da sisxlismRvreli brZolebis Semdeg, raWa-leCxumis mosaxleobisa da gvardielTa winaaRmdegoba daZleul iqna da saqarTvelos es regionebi rusis jarisa da moRalate qarTvelebis CeqmiT gaiTela.

raWaSi, sabWoTa xelisuflebis ZalmomreobiT gamarjvebis Semdeg, `digoris + revoluciuri razmis~ komisari kandid gobejiSvili raWis mazris pirvel revkomad mogvevlina. esec qarTveli xalxis bedis ironia da cinizmia. dampyrobeli rusis jaris winamZRoli, raWis mazris bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis rbil savarZelSi dasves.

damTavrda kirtiSos, karagomis, mamisonis, rokisa da sxva naklebad cnobili

uReltexilebiT wiTeli armiis nawilebisa da wiTel partizanTa razmebis sisxliani Semoseva, farTomasStabiani bolSevikuri agresia CrdiloeTidan, rasac mohyva saqarTvelos okupacia da aneqsia.

xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom 1921 wlis Teberval-martis zamTris susxian dReebSi wiTeli armiis nawilebisa da wiTel partizanTa razmebis mier saqarTvelos sauReltexilo gzebisa da gadmosasvlelebis daZleva da maTi winsvla mniSvnelovnad ganpirobebuli iyo CrdiloeTidan saqarTvelosaTvis zurgSi maxvilis Cacemis moulodnelobiT da saqarTvelos demokratiuli mTavrobis mier sauReltexilo gzebis daucvelobiT.

isic unda iTqvas, rom CrdiloeTidan gadmosul wiTel partizanTa razmis raWis mazraSi warmatebiT laSqrobas mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli raWvel bolSevik-revolucionerTa winamZRolobam da kerZmokeTeobis mamapapurma tradiciam. politikur cxovrebaSi gauTviTcnobierebeli qarTveli mTielebi Cveuli stumarTmoyvareobiT da naTesauri grZnobebiT egebebodnen razmis Tanasoflel meTaurebs da os partizanebs, romlebTanac maT winaprebs Zmadnaficobis tradiciebi akavSirebdaT.

n. Jordanias mTavrobas, dasavleT saqarTvelos CrdiloeTis sasazRvro zolis sauReltexilo gzebis daucvelobasTan erTad, miutevebel Secdomad unda CaeTvalos, agreTve, 1918 wlis gazafxulze Tergis olqSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis gamarjvebasTan dakavSirebiT mTas iqidan bolSevikuri ZirgamomTxreli saqmianobis saqarTveloSi gavrcelebis SiSiT, sasazRvro zolSi mcxovreb qarTvel mTielTa nebis sawinaaRmdegod da maTda sazianod sauReltexilo gzebis Caketva da qarTveli mTielebisaTvis moZme Crdilokavkasiel mTielebTan tradiciuli savaWro-aRebmicemobiTi da sadurglo-saxelosno urTierTobebis SeCereba.

amiT mTavari saarsebo wyaro gadaeketa raWvel mTielebs, rac maTi erT-erTi gaWirvebis mizezi gaxda. amas adasturebs saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrisadmi raWis samazro erobis 1920 wlis martis saprotesto mimarTva, romelSic vkiTxulobT: `Cvens erobebs, wilad xvda Zlier cud pirobebSi daewyoT muSaoba. maT daevalaT omisa da revoluciis qarcecxlSi gapartaxebuli soflebis movla-patronoba. am mxriv, yvelaze ukidures mdgomareobaSia raWis mazra, radgan miwis siviwrovisa da simciris mxriv, raWas pirveli adgili uWiravs mTel respublikaSi...~

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, rionisa da WanWaxis xeobebiT damsjel wiTel partizanTa razmisa da wiTeli armiis nawilebis gadmosvlam didi tanjva-vaeba moutana mTis raWasa da mTel saqarTvelos. agresias CrdiloeTidan male mohyva 1924-1925 wlebis farTomasStabiani bolSevikuri sisxliani represiebi, romelmac mravali qarTveli patriotis sicocxle imsxverpla; 1929-1930-iani wlebis qarTveli glexisaTvis sruliad Seuferebeli da miuRebeli koleqtivizaciis soflis damangreveli moZraoba, materialuri kulturis, istoriuli Zeglebis, eklesiebis, cixe-koSkebis, duroiani saxlebis ganukiTxavi ngreva-gadakeTeba, jvar-xatebisa da freskebis dataceba-ganadgureba, religiuri rwmena-warmodgenebis akrZalva.

uRmerTobam daisadgura morwmune mTis raWvelTa gulebSi. sulierma deficitma daaRona eklesiis mrevli, romelic farulad Sin da gareT tradiciul RvTismsaxurebis wesebs ki asrulebda, magram mamapapuri elferi RvTismsaxurebisa gaqra. urwmuno axalgazrdoba gzaabneul pirutyvis jogs daemsgavsa.

koleqtivizaciam glexs SeaZula sofeli, marCenali miwa, gaunela samSoblos siyvarulis grZnoba, meSCanad da obivatelad aqcia, daiwyo soflis masobrivi dacla

SeZlebuli muSaxelisagan da maTi qalaqisaken ltolva, rac dRemde grZeldeba.

ruseTis caristuli antikavkasiuri eTnopolitikis bolSevikuri gardasaxvis urTulesi procesis momswreni gavxdiT.

koleqtivizaciam daviwyebas misca qarTvel da Crdilokavkasiel mTielTa kerZomokeTeoba-limanobis, Zmadnaficoba-yonaRobis da winaparTa sxva kargi tradiciebi. Sewyda moZme xalxebs Soris keTilmezobluri mimosvla, savaWro-aRebmicemobiTi, sadurglo-saxelosno aRmSeneblobiTi da eTnokulturuli urTierToba. qarTvel mTielTa ojaxebSi winaT Sinakacebad miRebuli Crdilokavkasielebi, axal droSi momavali TaobebisaTvis ucxo da gadamTielni gaxdnen. aseve, Crdilokavkasieli axalgazrdobisaTvis, winaT maT ojaxebSi, Zmistola kacebad miRebuli qarTveli Zmadnaficebi ucnob gadamTielebad iqcnen.

ruseTis imperiuli, reaqciuli Zala TandaTanobiT amzadebda niadags moZme xalxebis erTmaneTSi gaucxoebisa da mtruli dapirispirebisaTvis, rac dayovnebuli naRmis funqcias asrulebda da misi afeTqebis droc male dadga. jer ZmaTamkvleli revoluciisa da samoqalaqo omis, Semdeg bolSevikuri totalitarizmisa da ganukiTxavi represiebis saxiT, rasac mohyva eTnokonfliqtebi, ruseTis reaqciuli Zalebis inspirirebiT saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis xelyofa, rac dRemde grZeldeba.

bevri ver uZlebda aseT mtanjvel da Seuracxmyofel yofas da Tavs iklavda. xalxis mexsierebas kargad Semounaxavs tanjulTa saxelebi, romelTa Sesaxeb dResac hyvebian.

represiuli yofis Sevbneli xana daudgaT mTis raWvelebs. raionidan TiToeul sofels gegma egzavneboda, Tu ramdeni kaci unda daepatimrebinaT da gaegzavnaT uSiSroebis

raionul ganyofilebaSi. amis mixedviT sasoflo sabWoebi adgendnen e.w. `Sav siebs~, romelSic SehyavdaT vaWrebi, SeZlebuli glexebi, religiis msaxurni, sakolmeurneo Sromis Tavisamrideblebi, soflis yofili mamasaxlisebi da sxvebi, romlebsac usafuZvlo eWvis niadagze asamarTlebdnen da ramdenime wliT cixeSi gzavnidnen.

1921 wels dawyebul represiebs bolo ar uCanda. farTomasStabianma, ganukiTxavma represiebma da sxva saxis ukuRmarTobebma Raribi da SeZlebuli, vaWari da xelosani mTielebi yvela erTnairad daazarala, daarwmuna da daafiqra maTze iZulebiT Tavsmoxveuli cxovrebis miuRebel wesebze da bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis antixalxur xasiaTze isini TandaTanobiT, dRiTidRe, zurgs aqcevdnen moZaladeebs. raWis msgavsad, analogiuri politikisa da represiebis msxverpli gaxda mTeli saqarTvelo.

mravalwlianma sabWoTa eqsperimentma ver gaamarTla da ruseTis bolSevikuri imperia xuxulasaviT daingra.

1990 wlidan saqarTvelo, 1918 wlis 26 maisis konstituciis safuZvelze damoukidebeli, demokratiuli qveynisis ganviTarebis gziT midis. Savbneli warsuli istorias Cabarda.