1. Endeavour to ensure that the provisions of the Code of Safe Working Practices are complied with.
1. Endeavour to ensure that the employer’s occupational health and safety policies are complied with.
1. investigate (1) every accident required to be notified by the Merchant Shipping Act (2) every dangerous occurrence (3) all potential hazards to occupational health and safety, and make recommendations to the master to prevent the recurrence of an accident or to remove the hazard.
1. Investigate all complaints by crew members concerning occupational health and safety.
1. Carry out occupational health and safety inspections of each accessible part of the ship at least once every three months.
1. Make representations and, where appropriate, recommendations to the master (and through him to the company) about any deficiency in the ship with regard to (1) any legislative requirement relating to occupational health and safety (2) any relevant M notices (3) any provision of the Code of Safe Working Practices
1. Ensure so far as possible that safety instructions, rules, and guidance are complied with.
1. Maintain a record book describing all the circumstances and details of all accidents and dangerous occurrences, and of all other procedures required by his duties, and to make the records available for inspection by appropriate personnel.
1. Stop any work which he reasonably believes may case a serious accident and inform the appropriate personnel.
1. Carry out the requirements of the safety committee.

1. Are means of access to the are under inspection in a safe condition, well lit, and unobstructed?
1. Are fixtures and fittings over which seamen might trip or which project particularly overhead, thereby causing potential hazards, suitably painted or marked?
1. Are all guard-rails in place, secure, and in good condition?
1. Are lighting levels adequate?
1. Is ventilation adequate?
1. Is machinery adequately guarded where necessary?
1. Are permits to work used when necessary?
1. Is the level of supervision adequate, particularly for inexperienced crew?

Crew < 16 : one safety representative may be elected by the officers and ratings;

Crew > 15 : one safety representative may be elected by the officers and one safety

representative may be elected by the ratings.

1. Participate in any of the inspection or investigations conducted by the Safety Officer, provided that the latter agrees to such participation.
1. Undertake similar inspections or investigations himself, providing that notification of such activities has been given to the master.
1. On behalf of the crew on matters affecting occupational health and safety (1) consult with the master and the Safety Officer and make recommendations to them, including recommendations to the master, ‘that any work which the safety rep believes may cause an accident should be suspended’ (2) make representation through the master to the employer (3) request through the safety committee an investigation by the Safety Officer of any such matter.
1. Inspect any of the Safety Officer’s records.

• Employer appoints a Safety Committee
• Safety Committees are mandatory on any ship which has elected safety representatives.
• The membership of the committee must include the master as chairman, the Safety Officer, and every safety representative.

1. Ensure that the provision of the Code of Safe Working Practices are complied with.
1. Improve the standard of safety consciousness among the crew.
1. Make representations and recommendations on behalf of the crew to the employer.
1. Inspect any of the Safety Officer’s records.
1. Ensure the observance of the employer’s occupational health and safety policies.
1. Consider and take any appropriate action in respect of any occupational health and safety matters affecting the crew.
1. Keep a record of all proceedings.

1. Films:- screening of safety movies
1. Posters:- bringing particular dangers to the attention of the crew members
1. Publications:- safety publications, safety on ships, personal survival at sea, etc.
1. Informal talks:- talking to sections of the crew to bring awareness
1. Maintenance of safety equipment:- involving as many people as possible in the maintenance of safety equipment’s.
1. Fire patrols:- particular attention to be paid to patrolling the accommodations between 2300 hours and 0600 hours.
1. Marine safety cards:- these cards highlight particular dangers on board ship.
1. Accident records:- details of accidents should be posted on notice boards as an accident prevention aid.
1. Days without accident board:- post notices stating the number of days since the occurrence of the last accident.
1. Safety quiz:- open to individual with a suitable prize being awarded.
1. ‘Permit to work’ system:- importance of strict compliance with the permit should be emphasised.

The senior fire officer should be presented with the wallet and may also require the following

information

1. Raise the alarm
1. Tackle fire by convention means immediately
1. Master on bridge (informed)
1. Head count taken for casualties
1. Stop cargo work
1. All non essential persons off ship (head count with foreman/stevedore)
1. I will bring in the brigade
1. Open communication by vhf
1. On tankers use of fire wires/tugs for casting off

****** if u.k.c less than 1/9th of the draught then cannot flood hold for fire fighting

****** man on gangway stationed with fire plan and international shore coupling

****** pulling out man with b.a set

1) if run out of air

2) if run out of fire fighting medium

***** emc’y stop box in alleyway main deck

1. Not normally used for pumping oil.
2. If used occasionally have suitable changeover arrangements fitted.

• No direct access between engine room and emergency fire pump. If access provided, through and airlock.
• Isolation valves in tankers to be fitted on the fire main on poop and tank deck at intervals not more than 40 meters to pressure integrity of fire main system.

1. One control shall be used to discharge the gas from its storage container.
2. The other to open the valve of the piping which conveys the gas to the protected space.

• Boiler room:

1. One set of portable foam applicator unit required.
2. At least 2 portable fire extinguisher
3. At least 1 approved foam type extinguisher of capacity 135 liters.
4. A receptacle containing sand or sawdust impregnated with soda.
5. Any fixed fire-extinguishing system – e.g. CO₂, foam, water spray.

• Spaces with internal combustion machinery:

1. Any fixed extinguishing system.
2. At least 1 set of foam applicator unit.
3. Sufficient number of foam type extinguisher capacity 45 liters plus sufficient number of portable foam so placed that walking distance between extinguishers not more than 10 meters.

• High expansion foam: (fixed type system in machinery space)

1. Sufficient to fill the greatest space to be protected at a rate of at least 1 meter in depth / minute.
2. Produce a volume of foam equal to 5 times the volume of the space.
3. Expansion ratio of not less than 5 liters/m²/minute.

• Sprinklers: Application rate of not less than 5 liters/m²/minute.

1. SCBA at least 1200 liters capacity or capable of functioning for at least 30 minutes. Normal breathing rate 40 liters / minute.
2. Fire proof line attached to harness.

• All ships at least 2 fireman’s outfit’s.
• To carry at least 4 sets of fire mans outfits widely spread. > for tankers.

• All ships to be provided with main and auxiliary steering gear, independent from each other.

Rudderstock shall be

1. Adequate strength and capable of steering the ship at maximum ahead speed.
2. Capable of putting rudder over from 35° one side to 35° other side at its deepest draft and maximum ahead service speed and 35° on either side to 30° on other side in 28 seconds.
3. Operated by power and designed so as not to incur damage at maximum astern speed.

• Steering gear control from Navigation Bridge and locally.
• Auxiliary steering gear controls from locally and if power operated also operable from Navigation Bridge.
• Steering capability to be regained in not more than 45 seconds after the loss of one power system.

• Test is within 12 hours of departure.
• Emergency steering drills once every 3 months.

Construction-

1. A mechanical powered winch with brake.
2. Two separate falls.
3. A ladder consisting of a rigid upper part on which the pilot stands and a flexible lower past of a short length of pilot ladder which enables a person to board from or disembark a launch.

• Hand operating gear in emergencies.
• Safety limit switch.
• Emergency stops (capable to be operated by person in the hoist)
• Speed of hoist 15 – 30 meter’s / minute.
• Hoist securely attached to ships structure not side rails.
• Falls long enough to do the job and still have 3 times on the drum.

Ladder section –

1. Rigid part – 2.5 meters long.
2. Non skid steps for safe access and safe hand holds
3. Spreader with rollers fitted at lower end to roll freely on shipside.
4. Flexible lower part must be 8" steps long.

• New hoists subjected to over load test of 2.2 times the working load.
• Operating test of 10 % over load.
• Every 6 months regular test rigging and inspection which includes a load test of 150 kgs.
• Entry in ships official log book.

1. Length < 100 min no of life buoys = 8
2. 100 < 150 min no of life buoys = 10
3. 150 < 200 min no of life buoys = 12
4. length > 200 min no of life buoys = 14

Requirements:

1. Outer diameter not more than 800 mm
2. Inner diameter not less than 400 mm
3. Constructed of buoyant material.
4. Mass not less than 2.5 kgs ( MOB not less than 4 kgs )
5. Support 14.5 kg of iron for 24 hours in fresh water.
6. Withstand a drop into water from a stowage position to water line in light condition or 30 meter whichever is greater.
7. Fitted with a grab line not less than 9.5 mm in diameter. Grab line secured at 4 equidistant points. Length not less than 4 times the outside diameter.

• Painted international orange / highly visible colour.
• Readily available on both sides of vessel. At least one at stern. No permanent securing.
• At least one buoy on each side fitted with buoyant life line ( 2 x stow height or 30 meter)
• At least ½ the no of life buoys with SI lights ( 2 hours )
• At least 2 with smoke floats ( 15 minutes )
• Marked in roman - name and port of registry.

Requirements –

1. One for every person on board + 25 % extra.
2. Fitted with retro reflective tape + life jacket lights ( visibility 1 mile )
3. For children 10 % of the no of passengers on board

Construction –

1. Correctly donning within 1 minute.
2. Capable of wearing inside out
3. Can jump from a height of 4.5 meters into water
4. Turn the body of an unconscious person in 5 sec’s
5. Lifts the mouth 128 mm clear of the water
6. Fitted with a whistle
7. Buoyancy not reduced by more than 5 % after 24 hour immersion in fresh water

Requirements –

1. Unpacked + donned within 2 minutes
2. Permit the wearer to climb up and down a vertical ladder at least 5 meter in length
3. Jump from a height of 4.5 meter into the water
4. Cover the whole body with exception of face.
5. Core temperature does not fall more than 2° C after a period of 6 hours in water of temperature 0° - 2° C
6. Turn the wearer face up in 5 seconds.

• Provided for every person assigned to crew rescue boat.
• Cargo ships for each life boat at least 3 suits or if necessary 1 for each person on board
• TPA for persons on board not provided for by immersion suits.
• Immersion suits and TPA not required if ---

1. Vessel had total enclosed life boats for 100 % of compliment on each side
2. Free fall life boat for 100 % of compliment
3. Engaged in warm climates
4. If vessel less than 85 meters than davit launched life rafts required 100 % of compliment

Requirements –

1. Length not less than 3.8 meters and not more than 8.5 meters.
2. Capable of carrying at least 5 seated persons and 1 lying down.

Additional equipment –

1. One buoyant line of 50 meter length for towing purpose.
2. Two buoyant rescue quoits with 30 meter line
3. Efficient radar reflector or SART.
4. Water proof 1^st aid kit
5. TPA for 10 % or 2 of the total capacity
6. A search light
7. Walkie talkie

Bridge, engine room, crew mess room, officers mess room.

• Lifeboats launched and manoeuvred in water once every 3 months, during a drill.
• Free fall life boats: if impracticable to launch every 3 months then should be davit lowered every 3 months, provided that the life boat is free fall launched at once in 6 months.
• Rescue boats : launched and manouevred once a month in any case once every 3 months

• Turned end for end at intervals not more than 30 months ( 2 ½ years )
• Renewed not more than 5 years unless required earlier.

Weekly inspections :

• All survival craft, rescue boats and launching appliances inspected visually
• Engines of life boats and rescue boats run ahead and astern for not less than 3 minutes
• General emergency alarm ( if not done daily )

Monthly inspections:

• All LSA, lifeboats and rescue boat equipment using checklist provided.
• Report logged

Servicing of life rafts and HRU (life jackets inflatable, rescue boats inflatable)

• Every 12 months can be extended for additional 5 months but not more.
• Disposable HRU’s ( HAMAR) 2 years life cycle.

• Life rafts : capable of staying afloat for a period of 30 days in all sea conditions
• Weak link breaking strain 2.2 ± 0.4 kn.
• HRU automatic release of life raft @ depth of 4 meter.
• Life boat engines: capable of running to provide a speed of 6 knots for a period of 24 hours – shall have a sufficient fuel to last 24 hours.
• To be capable of carrying a life raft of 25 person with full compliment and equipment with a speed of 2 knots.

1. Dimensions
2. Capacity
3. Name and port of registry of vessel on each side of bow
4. Lifeboat number on each side of bow and also on top of boat to identify from air.
5. Retro reflective tape all round at intervals of 12"

Capable of protecting the persons inside when enveloped in a continuos fire for not less than 8 minutes

To provide breathable air with engines running for a period not less than 10 minutes pressure not less than outside atmospheric pressure and not more than 20 mbs above the outside atmospheric pressure.

6 hand flares

4 rocket parachutes

2 buoyant smoke floats

1. Contained in water tight casing
2. Instructions and diagram on operating procedure
3. Burn bright red colour
4. Burning period not less than 1 minute ( 10 seconds in water – submerged 100 meter below water

1. Contained in water tight casing
2. Instructions and diagram on operation procedure
3. Reach an altitude of 300 meter ( fixed vertically) and eject paraflare
4. Burn bright red colour not less than 30000 candelas
5. Burning period not less than 40 seconds descent not more than 5 meter/ second

1. Contained in water tight casing
2. Instructions and diagram on operation procedure
3. Emit smoke of highly visible colour (orange) for not less than 3 minutes in calm water. No flame.
4. Not suspended in sea way (smoke for 10 seconds if submerged in water)

All ships:

1. Certificate of registry validity: 5 years
2. International loadline certificate validity: 5 years
3. Intact stability --- validity: life long
4. Minimum safe manning certificate ?
5. Certificate for master, officers, and ratings ?
6. International tonnage certificate validity: life long
7. Deratting or de-ratting exemption certificate validity: 6 months
8. Oil record book to be kept on board for 3 years
9. Cargo ship safety construction certificate validity: ?
10. Cargo ship equipment certificate validity: 2 years
11. Cargo ship safety radio certificate validity: 1 year
12. D.O.C. with ----- for ships carrying dangerous cargo ?
13. Dangerous goods manifest or stowage plan ?

• For passenger ships: including no 1 to no 10 and also

1. Passenger ship safety certificate validity: 1 year

• For ships carrying liquid cargo in bulk: including no 1 to 12 and also

1. International oil pollution prevention certificate for the carriage of noxious liquids in bulk (NLS certificate) validity: 5 years
2. Cargo record book validity: kept for 3 years
3. Certificate of fitness for carriage of dangerous chemicals/liquefied gasses in bulk validity: 5 years
4. Grain stability booklet for grain carriers (document of authorization for grain carriage)
5. International oil pollution prevention (IOPP) 5 yrs
6. Certificate of insurance of other financial security in respect of civil liability for oil pollution (CLC)
7. Noise survey report
8. Ship board oil pollution emergency plan ( SOPEP) vessels response to pollution prevention (VRPP)

Under ISM Code:

1. Document of compliance issued for every company complying with the ISM code copy of certificate to be held on ship
2. Safety management certificate issued for every ship complying with ISM ( also company must comply = DOC)

• will provide

1. Advice
2. Guidance

• in order to improve

1. safety of shipping
2. safety of life at sea
3. prevent or minimize pollution

• numbered in sequence from MGN 1

• numbered in sequence from MIN 1
• cancellation date typically 12 months

• numbered in sequence continuing the present numbers but using the initial letters MSN

• Salt Water MSN White
• Great Britain MGN Blue
• Inert Gas MIN Green

An investigation into capsize and stability of sailing multi vessels

Research project 391

Assessment of survival time of damaged Ro-Ro passenger vessels

Research project 397

Ships specific tagging of oil contaminated discharges

Two types of tagging

1. Synthetic DNA
2. Non radio active isotopes

What is tagging – adding an identifying code to oil cargo and fuel

This method was suggested after taking OIL SOURCE IDENTIFICATION Techniques such as hydrocarbon biomarker finger printing

Inconclusive because of

1. Several ships used to carry the same cargo
2. Ships took bunkers from the same source

Current on 1^st September’98

Comprises annual list of MCA notices and includes a subject index.

Shows all MSN’s MIN’s and MGN’s current on 1^st September’98

Formal safety assessment technique have been developed by the MCA on recommendation of House of Lords committee

Objectives:

1. Observe safe operation of ships
2. Prevent pollution
3. Prevent loss of life and damage
4. Project environment

• Designated person from compare – DPA designated person ashore
• Master responsible from ship
• Internal audits
• Reports non confirmatives NCR – non conformance report
• Corrective action
• Log all activities
• Have an approved SMS (safety management system)

Weight / area of cargo = loading expression in t/m²

If cargo = 30 t maximum loading of deck = 2.5 t/m²

Then minimum area over which the weight must be spread = 30/2.5 = 12 m²

And therefore use good dunnage and safer to add 5 % to the weight when calculating the area.

1. Maximum operating gross weight
2. Allowable stacking weight
3. Transverse racking test load valve

1. Type of anchor
2. Weight of anchor including crown shackle in kgs
3. Length of shark in mm
4. Length of arm in mm
5. Weight of head of anchor
6. No of test certificate
7. No and date of drop test

• Spider band : derrick head
• Hounds band : mast head for preventer back stays