This four-stringed pear-shaped lute is called Pipa with a history of 2000 years.  Pipa is the most dynamic solo instrument among all Chinese musical instruments.
        Pipa has a vast range on which all of the fundamental principles of Chinese music are realized.  It produces sharp contrasts in tone color, degrees of attack, speed, and articulation through its four strings, which are toned as A, D, E and a. 
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