The Geological Research History
Work in the Republic of Yemen
(1968 until Today)
By Mohammed Darsi*
ABSTRACT
This paper is the first paper, which discusses the geological research history
work in the Republic of Yemen during the period from 1968 until Today. And it's
also the third paper after my first and second papers on the period from 1852 to
1946 and the period from 1947 to 1967 (See Yemen Times Newspaper. Issue
2-January 10th through January 16 2000, Vol. IX, Culture Page and Issue 10 -
March 6 through March 12 2000, Vol. X, Culture Page). The geological research
work history in the Republic of Yemen is a brief rich culture history, included
information about the first and most famous Geologists.
INTRODUCTION
It is known that rich culture history is largely depended upon written
documents, whereas the geological research history work story must be inferred
from the careful study. Based on variably detailed information of hundreds
publications references. I decided to divided the geological research history
work in the Republic of Yemen to four stages:
First Stage: 1852-1901. I gave it two new names:
First name: The First Systematic Geological Observation Stage.
Second name: Carter's Stage.
Second Stage: 1902-1946. I gave it the following name:
The Hinterland Studies Stage.
Third Stage: 1947-1967. I gave it two new names:
First name: The First systematic more detailed Stratigraphic and Geological
Studies Stage.
Second name: Beydoun, Z.R., 's Stage.
FOURTH STAGE: 1968-until Today,
This Stage must started after independent of the two parts (North and South) of
the Republic of Yemen until Today. It is known, that during this stage many
Yemeni Geologists, played, play and still play a great role in the geological
research history work in the Republic of Yemen.
So I gave this fourth stage the following name: The Yemeni Geologists Stage
IMPORTANT NOTICES:
Note (1): This paper is about the most famous Geologists, not about the most
famous group of geologists.
Note (2). During The Fourth Stage or The Yemeni Geologists Stage, Beydoun, Z.R.,
the man of the third stage continued to give his time and life on studding the
geology of Yemen. He wrote many publication about Yemen, did his last famous job
on International Lexicon of Stratigraphy with a famous group of Geologist as
(Mustafa A.L. As-Saruri, Hamed El-Nakhal, Ismail N. Al-Ganad, Rasheed S. Baraba,
Abdul Sattar O.Nani and Mohammad H. Al-Aawah). And also at the begging of this
stage some men from the third stage continued their work and study on the
Geology of Yemen like Gass, I.G. and Mallick, D.I.J.
Note (3). On The Fourth Stage or The Yemeni Geologists Stage, We can notice some
Arabic names of famous Arab Geologists, who also worked, work and still work
hard on studding the geology of Yemen.
THE MEN OF THIS STAGE WERE:
1. Azzaroli, A., 1968. Wrote about the evolution of the Gulf of Aden. 2.
Cox, K.G., 1969. He with Mallick, D.I.J. made a Study on the volcano evolution
of Aden and Little Aden.
3. Mosely, F., 1969. Wrote about the Aden Traps of Dhala, Musaymir and
Radfan.
4. Dubertret, L., 1970. Made a review of Structural Geology of the Red
Sea and Surrounding Area.
5. Fairhead, J.D., 1973. Wrote about the Crustal Structure of the Gulf of
Aden and the Red Sea.
6.7. Grolier, M.J., Overstreet, W.C., 1978. Worked on the geologic map of
the Yemen Arab Republic. (Sana'a), 1:500,000 scale.
8. Kruck, W., 1980. Worked on different geological maps of former North
Yemen. He with Thiele, J. made a study on the Late Paleozoic glacial deposits.
9. Abou Khadrah, A., 1982. Wrote about the sedimentological evolution and
the stratigraphy of former North Yemen.
10. Aboul Ela, M., 1983. Wrote about the geology of the area northwest of
Sana'a, Sana'a -Wadi Zahr district.
11. El- Anbaawy, M.I.H., 1984. Wrote a contribution to the
lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Amran sequence in former North Yemen.
12. Nakhal, H., El-, 1984. During the period from 1984 to 1996, he wrote
about the possibilities of late Paleozoic glaciating in centered parts of former
North Yemen (1984). Wrote about his observations on polygonal patterns in
Jurassic sandstone (Kohlan group-1985), the lithostratigraphic subdivision of
Kohlan Group (1987) and the stratigraphy of the Tawilah Formation (1989). He
wrote about Surdud Group, a new lithostratigraphic unit of Jurassic age (1990),
and the earliest eruptions of the Yemen Volcanic (1991) and the Pleistocene cold
episode (1993). Wrote about the subdivision and formal nomenclature of the
Cenozoic sedimentary rocks (1993) and about the preliminary review of the
stratigraphy of the outcropping Mesozoic erathem in the northern part of Yemen
(1996).
13. Isaev, E.N., 1987. Wrote about the structural-geophysical model of
the basement complex of the Aden-Red Sea region.
14. Maycock, I.D., 1987. Wrote about the exploration and development in
Marib/Al Jawf basin.
15. Al-Thour, K.A., 1989. He with El- Anbaawy, M.I.H., wrote about the
sedimentological evolution and sedimentology of the Salif halite and with
Simmons, M.D. made a study on the Micropaleontological biozonation of the Amran
Series (Jurassic) in the Sana'a region, (1994).
16. Husseini, M.I., 1989. Wrote about the tectonic and depositional model
for the Late Precambrian-Cambrian Arabian and adjoining plates and on 1991, he
with Dyer, R.A. made a study on the western Rub 'al-Khali Infracambrian graben
system.
17. Jungwirth, J., 1990. He with As-Saruri, M., wrote about the
structural evolution of the platform cover on southern Arabian Peninsula (former
South Yemen) and on the same year made a study on the Karst phenomena on the
south Hadramawt plateau with Schramm, H.
18. As-Saruri, M., 1990. During the period from 1990 to 1997, he with
Langbein, R. wrote about the Habshiyah Formation and the Shihr Group. Wrote
about the lithostratigraphic subdivision of the outcropping Late Cenozoic Shihr
Group with Beydoun, Z.R, on the lithology and microfacies of Umm er Radhuma,
Jiza and Rus Formation with Langbein, R., and on the lithological-structural
provinces of the basement in the central region with Wiefel, H. and so on.
19. Nani, A.S.O., 1990. Published more than 18 scientific articles in and
outside Yemen. On 1990, he with Haitham, F.M.S. wrote about hydrocarbon
potential of the Gulf of Aden Rift. On 1993, he with Beydoun, Z.R, wrote about
Qishn Formation lithofacies and hydrocarbon habitat and on 1997, he wrote about
the Paleozoic Clastic Reservoir in Oman, Saudi Arabia and Yemen.
20. Paul, S.K., 1990. Wrote about the future oil province in former South
Yemen.
21. Vesolov, V.V., 1990. Wrote an explanatory note to prediction
mineragenic map of the southern part of the Republic of Yemen.
22. Wienholz, R., 1990. He with Weigelt, G. wrote about the Cretaceous
sediments (Tawilah Group) in the Habban-Mukalla area and on the same year wrote
about the development of the Tertiary in the Habban Al Mukalla area with
Schuppel, D.
23. Mohr, P.A., 1991. Made a study on the structure of Yemeni dyke
swarms.
24. Hughes, G.W., 1992. He with Beydoun, Z.R. wrote about the
biostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and palaeoenvironment of Red Sea-Gulf of
Aden
25. Sikander, A.H., 1992. He with Beydoun, Z.R., wrote a re-assessment of
hydrocarbon potential on Red Sea-Gulf of Aden.
26. 27. Mattash, M.A., Balogh, K., 1994. Made a study on the K-Ar
radiometric age data on Cenozoic volcanics and their associated intrusions from
Yemen.
CONCLUSIONS
1. My Dear Reader, I am shore, that you are going to ask yourself the
following question: Why the author called the Fourth Stage (The Yemeni
Geologists Stage) and when he wrote about the Men of This Stage, he just mention
a few names of Yemenis Famous Geologists?
It is known that this paper is about the most famous geologists, not about the
most famous group of geologists. There are many famous groups of known Yemeni,
Arab and foreign Geologists, who worked, work and still work on studding the
geology of Yemen together during this stage. Most of these famous Groups of
Yemeni Geologists work with different groups of foreign Scientific Expedition in
and outside Yemen. So for this reason, I woullike again to drew (The Ministry of
Oil and Mineral Resources in the Republic of Yemen, Researchers and all who are
interested in this field) their attention on the following Important Matter:
If we, really want The Geological Research History Work in the Republic of Yemen
to be easy to read and to understand. So, we must, make a restudy on the history
of the Exploration Activities, a restudy on the history of Companies 's Work and
a restudy on the history of Scientific Expedition Work in the Republic of Yemen.
And. This entire things in accordance to my classification and division to the
Geological Research History Work in the Republic of Yemen to four stages.
2. Based on what I have written till now it is easy now to wrote a book
about the first and the most famous Geologists, who play a great role in the
geological research history work in the Republic of Yemen during the
period from 1852 until Today.
3. Now, it is easy to teach our student in the university, this bright
part of our geological research history work
4. There are many Peoples, Researchers, and Foreigners, who are
interested in this field, who would like to work in Yemen, at the same time they
would like to know more about the previous geological research history work in
the Republic of Yemen and about the first and most famous Geologists. I have the
honor to introduce this simple job to them.
5. It is so necessary now for every one, who would like to publish a book
or a work on the geology of Yemen to mention the Four Stages of the Geological
Research History Work in the Republic of Yemen.
6. Again, This book must include a restudy on the history of the
Exploration Activities; a restudy on the history of Companies 's Work and a
restudy on the history of Scientific Expedition. And. This entire things in
accordance to my classification and division to the Geological Research History
Work to four stages. After that I am shore that we can inter the Fifth Stage or
(the Yemenis Geologists Golden Stage), as I hope, just in the case of solving
the above mentioned requirement:
a. We in Yemen are highly in need to rebuild the National Crew or Team, who is
already ready to solve any problem related to any branch of earth science,
b. We in Yemen also are highly in need to make a restudy on the entire most
famous Yemenis Geologists Job. First to encourage the local work.
Second to connect the theoretical part with the practical part and by the way to
answer the most interesting question, which I am shore every Yemeni geologist
ask himself always, who is the suitable person, whom we can call the father of
the Geology in Yemen?
7. This study led to significant improvement in imaging about the
geological research history in the Republic of Yemen, particularly about the
first and the most famous geologists, who worked visits, worked and this has
been key to understanding.
8. It is broad in scope so as to serve both the beginning geology major
and the under graduate seeking to learn about or to make him read about the
geological research history work in the Republic of Yemen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to extend my thanks to the Yemeni Ministry of Oil and Mineral
Resources (MOMR) and also to the Changchun University of science and technology
for there help and support.
I gratefully thank the Editors of World Geology for their suggestions and
guidelines for publishing the paper.
I am indebted to Professors Wang Dong Po and Xue Lin Fu (Changchun University of
science and technology), who provided many helpful suggestions and comments. I
am also so indebted to Mr. Walid Al-Saqqaf and all the Editors of Yemen Times
newspaper for publishing the paper.
*ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Mohammed Darsi Abdulrahman Nedham graduated from the Russian among People
Friendship University in 1991 as a Petroleum Engineer, Geologist (M.S. degree).
He began his professional career by working as petroleum engineer, geologist in
the Petroleum Exploration and Production Board (Aden Branch). His scientific
interest is concentrated on the Geological Research History Work, Earth science
software application and basin-modeling problems.
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