IMPORTANT!  The following is one of the write-up questions in the final exam.  Do not hand in the answers before the exam.  You will need to write the answers in the exam question book. 

Choose one of the following terms: genetic testing, therapeutic cloning, reproductive cloning, gene therapy.  Answer the questions using no more than three sentences.

         1. Explain the term/technology (1 point).                       

         2. Describe its potential benefit(s) to our lives (2 points).

 

Chapter 12 DNA technology and the human genome (continued)

 

2. Analyses of human genome

A. genome sequencing

- Analysis of an organism’s entire DNA sequence.

- Over 90 % of human genome has been sequenced.

- The human genome contains 30, 000 – 40, 000 genes (only 2-3 times more than the fruit fly genome).

- Most of the human genome consists of ‘junk’ sequences, which do not participate in gene expression.

- Genomes of over 70 organisms have been sequenced. 

- Comparison of genomes among different organisms assists understanding on organisms’ developmental processes and evolution.

            Over 95 % of the human genome is identical to the genome of apes.

            Regardless of races, our genomes are 99.9 % identical among ourselves!

- Facilitate identification of genetic defects and ultimately help to find effective treatments for diseases.

 

B. genetic markers

- Barcode-like band signals derived from individual’s genomic DNA.

- Each band represents a genetic marker.

- Each person has a unique set of genetic markers.

• used as personal identification (DNA fingerprint)

- Genetic markers are inherited to offspring.

• used in paternity analyses.
• used for identification of disease alleles

 

Example 1: DNA fingerprint

 

Example 2: Inheritance of genetic markers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Example 3: Identification of a genetic marker associated with a disease

 

 

Final notes

 

The final exam will be held on Monday, December 16 (Mon) at 09:00AM at L.B. Gym-Main A&B 10-14 (the gym at the bottom of the hill).

 

If you need to talk to me before the exam, e-mail me at [email protected] or call me at home 454-4948.  My office is Rm 124 Bailey but I will not be working in my office most of December.  We can either arrange meetings or I will answer your questions via e-mail or phone.  I will be happy to discuss anything related to the exam, biology or whatever you wish to talk. 

 

If you become ill, contact me as soon as possible.  When you leave a message, make sure to include your phone number. 

 

Remember that I need to submit the grade within a week after the exam. 

 

I will be moving to Montreal at the end of December.  If you wish to contact me after December, e-mail me to my permanent address at [email protected] .  I wish best of luck on your university education.  It’s been good to have you guys in my class. 

 

 

Merry Christmas!

 

Madoka