Unit Twenty Two
crack \n.
— n.
1a a sudden sharp
or explosive noise (the crack of a whip; a rifle crack). b (in a
voice) a sudden harshness or change in pitch.
2a sharp blow (a
crack on the head).
3a a narrow
opening formed by a break (entered through a crack in the wall). b a
partial fracture, with the parts still joined (the teacup has a crack in it).
c a chink (looked through the crack formed by the door; a crack of
light).
4colloq. a
mischievous or malicious remark or aside (a nasty crack about my age).
rush 1 \ v.
— v.
1intr. go,
move, or act precipitately or with great speed.
2tr. move
or transport with great haste (was rushed to hospital).
3intr.
(foll. by at) a move suddenly and quickly towards. b begin impetuously.
4tr.
perform or deal with hurriedly (don't rush your dinner; the bill was
rushed through Parliament).
paperweight \ n.
a small heavy object for keeping loose
papers in place.
winding \ n.
1in senses of
wind 2 v.
2curved or
sinuous motion or movement.
3a a thing that
is wound round or coiled. b Electr. coils of wire as a conductor round
an armature etc.
winding-engine a
machine for hoisting.
winding-sheet a sheet in which a corpse
is wrapped for burial.
bubble \n. & v.
— n.
1a a thin sphere
of liquid enclosing air etc. b an air-filled cavity in a liquid or a solidified
liquid such as glass or amber.
2the sound or
appearance of boiling.
3a transparent
domed cavity.
4a visionary or
unrealistic project or enterprise (the South Sea Bubble).
— v.intr.
1rise in or send
up bubbles.
2make the sound
of boiling.
pipe \ n.
& v.
— n.
1a tube of metal,
plastic, wood, etc. used to convey water, gas, etc.
2(also
tobacco-pipe) a a narrow wooden or clay etc. tube with a bowl at one end
containing burning tobacco, the smoke from which is drawn into the mouth. b the
quantity of tobacco held by this (smoked a pipe).
3Mus. a a
wind instrument consisting of a single tube. b any of the tubes by which sound
is produced in an organ. c (in pl.) = bagpipes. d (in pl.) a set
of pipes joined together, e.g. pan-pipes.
4a tubal organ,
vessel, etc. in an animal's body.
5a high note or
song, esp. of a bird.
6a cylindrical
vein of ore.
7a cavity in cast
metal.
8a a boatswain's
whistle. b the sounding of this.
9a cask for wine,
esp. as a measure of two hogsheads, usu. equivalent to 105 gallons (about 477
litres).
10archaic
the voice, esp. in singing.
— v.tr.
1(also absol.)
play (a tune etc.) on a pipe or pipes.
2a convey (oil,
water, gas, etc.) by pipes. b provide with pipes.
3transmit (music,
a radio programme, etc.) by wire or cable.
4(usu. foll. by up,
on, to, etc.) Naut. a summon (a crew) to a meal, work,
etc. b signal the arrival of (an officer etc.) on board.
5utter in a
shrill voice; whistle.
6a arrange
(icing, cream, etc.) in decorative lines or twists on a cake etc. b ornament (a
cake etc.) with piping.
7trim (a dress
etc.) with piping.
8lead or bring (a
person etc.) by the sound of a pipe.
9propagate (pinks
etc.) by taking cuttings at the joint of a stem.
cool \adj.
— adj.
1of or at a
fairly low temperature, fairly cold (a cool day; a cool bath).
2suggesting or
achieving coolness (cool colours; cool clothes).
3calm, unexcited.
4lacking zeal or
enthusiasm.
5unfriendly;
lacking cordiality (got a cool reception).
6(of jazz
playing) restrained, relaxed.
7calmly audacious
(a cool customer).
8(prec. by a)
colloq. at least; not less than (cost me a cool thousand).
9sl. esp. US
excellent, marvellous.
decorate \ v.tr.
1provide with
adornments.
2provide (a room
or building) with new paint, wallpaper, etc.
3serve as an
adornment to.
4confer an award
or distinction on.
Decorated style Archit.
the second stage of English Gothic (14th c.), with increasing use of decoration
and geometrical tracery.
quarte\ var. of quart 4.
41.SHAPE\ abbr.
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europ
handle \ n.
— n.
1the part by
which a thing is held, carried, or controlled.
2a fact that may
be taken advantage of (gave a handle to his critics).
3colloq. a
personal title.
4the feel of
goods, esp. textiles, when handled.
silica \ n.
silicon dioxide, occurring as quartz
etc. and as a principal constituent of sandstone and other rocks.
silica gel
hydrated silica in a hard granular form used as a desiccant.
siliceous adj.
(also silicious).
silicic adj.
silicify v.tr. & intr. (-ies,
-ied).
silicification n.
limestone \ n.
Geol.
a sedimentary rock composed mainly of
calcium carbonate, used as building material and in the making of cement.__f0
silica gel
sticky adj.\ (stickier, stickiest)
1tending or
intended to stick or adhere.
2glutinous,
viscous.
3(of the weather)
humid.
4colloq.
awkward or uncooperative; intransigent (was very sticky about giving me
leave).
5colloq.
difficult, awkward (a sticky problem).
6colloq.
very unpleasant or painful (came to a sticky end).
sticky wicket 1 Cricket a pitch
that has been drying after rain and is difficult for the batsman. 2 colloq.
difficult or awkward circumstances.
stickily adv.
stickiness n.__a
mast 1 n. & v\.
— n.
1a long upright
post of timber, iron, etc., set up on a ship's keel, esp. to support sails.
2a post or
lattice-work upright for supporting a radio or television aerial.
3a flag-pole (half-mast).
4(in full
mooring-mast) a strong steel tower to the top of which an airship can be
moored.
— v.tr. furnish (a ship) with
masts.
before the mast serving as an ordinary
seaman (quartered in the forecastle).
masted adj. (also in comb.).
master n. (also in comb.).
mould 1 n. & v. (US mold)
— n.
1a hollow
container into which molten metal etc. is poured or soft material is pressed to
harden into a required shape.
2a a metal or
earthenware vessel used to give shape to puddings etc. b a pudding etc. made in
this way.
3a form or shape,
esp. of an animal body.
4Archit. a
moulding or group of mouldings.
5a frame or
template for producing mouldings.
6character or
disposition (in heroic mould).
— v.tr.
1make (an object)
in a required shape or from certain ingredients (was moulded out of clay).
2give a shape to.
3influence the
formation or development of (consultation helps to mould policies).
4(esp. of
clothing) fit closely to (the gloves moulded his hands).
mouldable adj.
moulder n.
easily adv\.
1without
difficulty.
2by far (easily
the best).
3very probably (it
could easily snow)
windscreen \ n.
Brit.
a screen of glass at the front of a
motor vehicle.
windscreen wiper a device consisting of
a rubber blade on an arm, moving in an arc, for keeping a windscreen clear of
rain etc.__t
lens n\.
1a piece of a
transparent substance with one or (usu.) both sides curved for concentrating or
dispersing light-rays esp. in optical instruments.
2a combination of
lenses used in photography.
3Anat. =
crystalline lens.
4Physics a
device for focusing or otherwise modifying the direction of movement of light, sound,
electrons, etc.
lensed adj.
lensless adj.
focus \ n.
& v.
— n. (pl. focuses or foci)
1Physics a
the point at which rays or waves meet after reflection or refraction. b the
point from which diverging rays or waves appear to proceed. Also called focal
point.
2a Optics
the point at which an object must be situated for an image of it given by a
lens or mirror to be well defined (bring into focus). b the adjustment
of the eye or a lens necessary to produce a clear image (the binoculars were
not in focus). c a state of clear definition (the photograph was out of
focus).
3the centre of
interest or activity (focus of attention).
4Geom. one
of the points from which the distances to any point of a given curve are
connected by a linear relation.
5Med. the
principal site of an infection or other disease.
6Geol. the
place of origin of an earthquake.
— v. (focused, focusing or
focussed, foc1tr. bring into focus.
2tr.
adjust the focus of (a lens, the eye, etc.).
3tr. &
intr. (often foll. by on) concentrate or be concentrated on.
4intr. &
tr. converge or make converge to a focus.__ation
bottleneck\ n.
1a point at which
the flow of traffic, production, etc., is constricted.
2a narrow place
causing constriction.__en wiper
53.supposedly adv\.
as is generally supposed.__traffic,
production
technique n. \
1mechanical skill
in an art.
2a means of
achieving one's purpose, esp. skilfully.
3a manner of
artistic execution in music, painting, etc. ð
55.ingredient n.\
a component part or element in a recipe,
mixture, or combination.
soda n.\
1any of various
compounds of sodium in common use, e.g. washing soda, caustic soda.
2(in full soda
water) water made effervescent by impregnation with carbon dioxide under
pressure and used alone or with spirits etc. as a drink (orig. made with sodium
bicarbonate).
3esp. US a
sweet effervescent drink.
soda bread bread leavened with
baking-soda.
soda fountain 1 a device supplying soda
water. 2 a shop or counter equipped with this.
soda lime a mixture of calcium oxide and
sodium hydroxide.
recycle v.tr.
return (material) to a previous stage of
a cyclic process, esp. convert (waste) to reusable material.
liquid adj. & n.
— adj.
1having a consistency
like that of water or oil, flowing freely but of constant volume.
2having the
qualities of water in appearance; translucent (liquid blue; a liquid
lustre).
3(of a gas, e.g.
air, hydrogen) reduced to a liquid state by intense cold.
4(of sounds)
clear and pure; harmonious, fluent.
5(of assets)
easily converted into cash.
6not fixed; fluid
(liquid opinions).
— n.
1a liquid
substance.
liquid crystal a turbid liquid with some
order in its molecular arrangement.
liquid crystal display a form of visual
display in electronic devices, in which the reflectivity of a matrix of liquid
crystals changes as a signal is applied.
liquid measure a unit for measuring the
volume of liquids.
liquid paraffin Pharm. a
colourless odourless oily liquid obtained from petroleum and used as a
laxative.
58.furnace n. \
1an enclosed
structure for intense heating by fire, esp. of metals or water.
2a very hot
place.__ recycla
common adj. \& n. \
— adj. (commoner,
commonest)
1a occurring
often (a common mistake). b ordinary; of ordinary qualities; without
special rank or position (no common mind; common soldier; the
common people).
2a shared by,
coming from, or done by, more than one (common knowledge; by common
consent; our common benefit). b belonging to, open to, or affecting,
the whole community or the public (common land).
3derog.
low-class; vulgar; inferior (a common little man).
4of the most
familiar type (common cold; common nightshade).
5Math.
belonging to two or more quantities (common denominator; common
factor).
6Gram. (of
gender) referring to individuals of either sex (e.g. teacher).
7Prosody
(of a syllable) that may be either short or long.
8Mus.
having two or four beats, esp. four crotchets, in a bar.
9Law (of a
crime) of lesser importance (cf. grand, petty).
— n.
1a piece of open
public land, esp. in a village or town.
2sl. =
common sense; (use your common).
3Eccl. a
service used for each of a group of occasions.
4(in full right
of common) Law a person's right over another's land, e.g. for pasturage.
common carrier a person or firm
undertaking to transport any goods or person in a specified category.
common chord Mus. any note with
its major or minor third and perfect fifth.
common crier see crier.
common denominator see denominator.
Common Era the Christian era.
common ground a point or argument
accepted by both sides in a dispute.
common jury a jury with members of no
particular social standing (cf. special jury).
common law law derived from custom and
judicial precedent rather than statutes (cf. case-law (see CASE1), statute
law)
common-law husband (or wife) a partner
in a marriage recognized by common law, esp. after a period of cohabitation.
Common Market the European Economic
Community.
common metre a hymn stanza of four lines
with 8, 6, 8, and 6 syllables.
common noun (or name) Gram. a
name denoting a class of objects or a concept as opposed to a particular
individual (e.g. boy, chocolate, beauty).
common or garden colloq.
ordinary.
Common Prayer the Church of England
liturgy orig. set forth in the Book of Common Prayer of Edward VI
(1549).
common-room 1 a room in some colleges,
schools, etc., which members may use for relaxation or work. 2 the members who
use this.
common salt see salt.
common seal the official seal of a
corporate body.
common sense sound practical sense, esp.
in everyday matters.
Common Serjeant see serjeant.
common soldier see soldier.
common stock US = ordinary
shares.
common weal public welfare.
common year see year 2.
in common 1 in joint use; shared. 2 of
joint interest (have little in common).
bulletproof \ adj.\
& v. \
— adj. (of a material) designed
to resist the penetration of bullets.
— v.tr. make bulletproof.
curve n. & v.
— n.
1a line or
surface having along its length a regular deviation from being straight or
flat, as exemplified by the surface of a sphere or lens.
2a curved form or
thing.
3a curved line on
a graph.
4Baseball
a ball caused to deviate by the pitcher's spin.
— v.tr. & intr. bend or
shape so as to form a curve.
curved adj.
delay v. & n\.
— v.
1tr.
postpone; defer.
2tr. make
late (was delayed at the traffic lights).
3intr.
loiter; be late (don't delay!).
— n.
1the act or an
instance of delaying; the process of being delayed.
2time lost by
inaction or the inability to proceed.
3a hindrance.
delayed-action (attrib.) (esp. of
a bomb, camera, etc.) operating some time after being primed or set.
delay line Electr. a device
producing a desired delay in the transmission of a signal.
delayer
Prepared by:
Mudafer Abu Haneyah
Laith El Turman
Ahmed El Saafeen