Unit Seven
Antelope
/anteloup / noun [c] (pl antelope or
antelopes) an animal with horns that has long, thin legs, looks like a
deer and Can run very fast. It is found especially in Africa.
Buffalo /bafalau / noun [c] (pl
buffalo or buffaloes) a large wild animal that looks like a cow with long
curved horns: a herd of Buffalo.
Charity
/tchareti/ noun (pl charities) 1 [c,u] an organization that collects
money to help people who are poor, sick, etc or to Do work that will be of
benefit to society: (we went on a sponsored walk to raise money for
charity 2 [u] kindness
towards other people: to act out of charity.
Cheerful:/tcheerful / adj happy:
Tom remained cheerful throughout his illness. A cheerful smile.
Cheerfully/tcheerfuli /adv. Cheerfulness:
noun [u].
Dig /dig / verb (pres part digging; pt,pp dug / /) [I,t] to move
earth and make a hole using your hands, a spade, A machine, etc: (the children
are busy digging in the sand. PHR
V dig sth in; dig sth into sth to posh sth into sb/sth: (she dug her
fingernails into my arm). Dig sb/sth out (of sth) 1 to get sb/sth out of sth by
digging.
2 to get or find sb/sth by searching. dig sth up 1 to remove sth from
the earth by digging: to dig up
potatoes.
2 to make a hole or take away soil by digging. 3 to find information by
searching or studying. ٭dig noun 1 [c] a hard push:to give sb a dig in the ribs
(=with your elbow, etc). 2 [c] sth that you say to upset sb. 3 digs [plural]
(brit) a room in a persons house that you rent and live in.
Donate / dauneit / verb [t] to give money or
goods to an organization, especially one for people or animals who need help:
(she donated a large sum of money to cancer research). ٭ donation / /
noun [c] a gift of money or goods to an organization, especially one for people
or animals who need help: (would you like to make a small donation to the red
cross?).
Donkey: /donki / noun
[c] (pl donkeys) (also ass) an animal like a small horse, with long ears. IDM
donkey’s years (Brit informal) a
very long time: they have been going out together for donkey’s years.
Edge1
/edg / noun [c]
1 the place where sth, especially a surface, ends; the limit: (the of a table)
(the leaves were brown andcurling at the edges). 2 the sharp
cutting part of a knife, etc.
edge2
/ edg/ verb 1
[t] (usually passive) edge sth (with sth) to arrange sth along the edge of sth
else: (the cloth
was edged with lace).2 [I,t] edge (sth/your way) across, along, away,
back, etc to move slowly and carefully across, etc: (the burglar edged his way along the roof).
Edgeways
/edgweiz / (also edgewise ) adv. IDM get a word in edgeways.
Edgy / edgi /adj
(informal) nervous, worried or quick to become upset: (you seem very edgy).
What is bothering
you?
Enough / enaf / det, pron 1 as much or as many
of sth as necessary:( we have saved enough money to buy a computer). 2 as much
or as many as you want: ( I have had enough of living in a town)=(I don’t want
to live in a town any more). IDM fair enough funnily, strangely,
etc enough it is funny, etc that...: (funnily enough, I thought exactly the
same Myself.
Fertile /fertiel / adj 1 (used about land, plants, animals and
people) Able to produce crops, fruit or young. The opposite is infertile. 2
(used about a persons mind) full of ideas: a fertile imagination.
fertility
/fertaileti / noun [u] the state of being fertile:(nowadays women can take
drugs to increase their fertility).
The opposite is infertility.
fertilization
(also fertilisation) / fertelaizashen /noun [u]
Fertilize (also fertilise) / fertelaiz/ verb [t]
1 to put a male seed into an egg, a plant or a female animal so that it starts
to Develop fruit or young. 2 to put natural or artificial substances on soil in
order to make it more fertile.
Fertilizer
(also fertiliser) noun [c,u] a natural or chemical substance that is put on
land to make plants grow better.
Gradient
/gradient / noun [c] the steepness of a slope: (the hill has a gradient of 1 in
4 (=25%).
Gradual /gradguyal / adj happening slowly or over a long
period of time; not sudden (there has been a gradual increase in Number of
people without jobs. ٭gradually / gradguyali / adv: (after the storm things gradually got back normal).
Head start
noun [sing] an advantage that you have from the beginning of a race or
competition.
Head1:
/hed/ noun [c]
1 the part of the body above the neck which has your eyes, nose, mouth and
brain in it (she turned her head to look at him). (He is in hospital with
serious head injuries after the crash.
In Britain when you nod your head it means yes or shows agreement. When
you shake your Head it means no or shows disagreement. 2 a persons mind.
Brain or mental ability: 1 (use your head=(think)) 2 (a horrible thought
entered my head) (he got a good head for figures. 3 the top, front or most important part or end: 1 (to sit at
the head of the table) 2 (put your name at the head of the paper) 3 (we were
marching right at the head of the procession).
4 something
that is like ahead in shape or position: (the head of a hammer). 5 the chief or
most important person (in a family, company, country, etc): (the queen is
welcoming heads of state from all over the world). (The head writer). 6 (also head teacher) the teacher in
charge of a school; the headmaster or headmistress: (who is going to be the new
head?).
7 heads the
side of a coin with the head of a person on it: (heads or tails? Heads I go
first tails you do).
8 a head [sing]
the height or length of one head. (A head taller).
9 a head [sing]
(for) one person: the set menu is $12 a head. IDM go to sbs 1 to make sb drunk: wine
always goes Straight to my head. 2
to make sb too proud:( if you keep telling him how clever he is, it will go to
his head!) Head first 1 with your head before the rest of your body:(don’t go
down the slide head first). 2 too quickly or suddenly: (don’t rush head first
into a decision). Head over heels 1 turning the body over in a forward
direction: (she did a head over heels on the mat). 2 completely: (janes head
over heels in love with him).
Head2
/hed/ verb 1 [t] to be in charge of or
to lead sth:( Do you think that he has the experience necessary to head a Government)
2 [t] to be at the front of a line, top of a line, etc: to head a procession.
(Two names headed the list of possible suspects).3 [t] (often passive) to give
a title or some instructions at the top of a piece of writing: (the report was
headed ,private,) 4 [I] to move in the direction mentioned: (the ship
headed towards the harbour). 5 [t] to hit the ball with your head in football:
(he headed the ball into the net).PHR V head for to move towards a
place: (its getting late-I think its time to head for home).
Headache noun
[c] 1 a pain in your head: (I have got a splitting (= very bad) headache. 2 a
person or thing that causes worry or difficulty: paying the bills is a constant
headache. Headlamp (also headlight) noun [c] one of the two large bright lights
at the front of a vehicle:( switch your headlights On - it’s getting dark). Headland noun [c] a
narrow piece of land that sticks out into the sea. Headlong adv, adj 1 with
your head before the rest of your body. 2 too quickly; without enough thought:
(he rushed headlong into buying the business. Headmaster; headmistress noun [c]
the man or woman who is in a charge of a school.
Heading /heding
/ noun [c] the words written as a title at the top of a page or a piece of
writing.
Headline /hedlain/ noun 1 [c] the title of a
newspaper article printed in large letters above the story. 2 the headlines
[plural] the main items of news read on television or radio.
Head-on adj, adv with the front of one car, etc hitting the front
of another: (there is been a head-on crash between lorries On the A40).
Headphones noun
[plural] a pair of speakers that fit over each the top of your head. Headphones
are used for To radio mes-sages, music, etc. listening
Headquarter
noun [plural, with sing or pl verb] (abbr HQ) the central office, etc of an
organization: (where is/are the firms headquarters).
Headstone noun
[c] a large stone used to mark the head of grave, usually with the dead persons
name, etc on it.
Headstrong
/hedsrung/ adj doing what you want, without listening to advice from other
people.
Headway noun IDM
make headway to go forward or make progress in a difficult situation: (it was
impossible for the boat To make any headway against the wind.)
Heady /hedi/
adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having a quick and exciting effect on the senses: a heady
perfume (the heady days of her youth). 2 (used bout a person) excited and
acting without careful thought:(to be heady with success).
Hit the nail on
the head.
Keep your head
to stay calm.
Laugh, scream,
etc your head off to laugh, scream, etc loudly.
Lose your head.
Make head or
tail of sth to understand sth: I can’t make head or tail of this exercise.
Off the top of
your head.
Shake your
head.
Hut /h^t / noun
[c] a small building with one room, usually made of wood or metal.
Millet:/milit/noun
[u] grass-like plant whose seeds are used as food for people and birds.
Pile 1
/pail/ noun [c] 1 a number of things lying on top of
one another, or an amount of sth that is in a larg mass: (he always lift His books in a neat pile.(a
larg pile of sand blocked the pavement. ٭a pile may be tidy or untidy.a
heap is untidy. 2 (often plural) (informal) a lot
of sth: (I have got piles of work to do this evening. loads of is also common.)
Pile 2
/ pail/ verb [t] 1 pile sth (up) to put
things one on top of the other to form a pile:(pile them on top of each other).
2 pile A on(on) B; pile B with A to put a lot of sth on sth: ( she piled the
papers on the desk). PHR V
pile into sth/out of sth (informal) to go in or out of sth in a disorganized
way: (all the children tried to pile Into the bus at the same time). Pile up 1 to increase in quantity: (the
problems really piled up while I was a way). 2 to put sth in a pile: (they
piled up the logs at the side of the house). 3 (used about several cars, etc)
to crash into each other. ٭ pile-up noun [c] a crash that involves several
cars, etc. Piles / / noun [plural]=HAEMORRHOIDS.
Plough (US plow) /plaoo /
noun [c] a large tool which is used on a farm and is pulled by a tractor or by
an animal. A plough turns The soil over and is used especially before seeds are
planted.
Result/ ree zalt / verb [I] result (from sth) to happen
or exist because of sth: Ninety per cent of the deaths resulted From injuries
to the head. PHR V RESULT in sth to cause sth to happen or exist; to
produce as effect: There has been an accident on the motorway, resulting in
long delays.
Result:/rezalt /noun 1[c, u]
result (of sth) something that happens because of sth else; the final situation
at the end of a series of actions: the result of our argument was that we never
spoke to each other again. (The traffic was very heavy and as a result I
arrived late). This wasn’t really the result that I was expect-ing.
3 [c] the score
or final position at the end of a game, competition or election: do you know
today’s football results? (The results of this week’s competition will be
published next week). (The result of the by-election was a win for the Liberal
democrats). 4 [c] the
mark or grad given for an examination or test: exam result. 5 [c] something that is
discovered by a medical test: I am still waiting for the result of my x-ray 2
[c, u] a good effect of an action: he has tried very hard to find a job, but
with no result. (The treatment is beginning To show results.)
Ripe: /raip/ adj
1(used about fruit, grain, etc) ready to be picked and eaten.
2 ripe (for
sth) ready for sth or in a suitable state for sth: (the country was ripe for a
change of leader).
Ripen/raipen / verb
[I, t] to make sth ripe or to become ripe.
Shrivel: /shrevel/ verb [I, t] (shriveling;
shriveled; US shriveling; shriveling) shrivel (sth) (up) to dry up and become
smaller and Wrinkled, usually in hot or dry conditions; to make sth do this.
Silk /silk/ noun [u] the soft smooth cloth that is made
from threads produced by an insect called the silkworm. Silky /silky/ adj
(silkier; silkiest) smooth, soft and shiny; like silk.
Soil:/so il/noun
1[c, u] the substance that plants, trees, etc grow in; earth: poor soil. 2[u]
the land that is part of a country: to set foot on British soil (=to arrive in
Britain). Soil: Verb [t] (formal) to make sth dirty.
Sow1: / seu/ noun
[c] an adult female pig.
Sow2: /seu / verb
[t] (pt sowed; pp sown / / or sowed) sow A (in A); sow B
(with A) to plant seeds in the ground: to
Saw seeds in pots ٭ to saw a field with wheat.
Staff /staf / noun [c,usually sing,u] the group of people who work for a
particular organization: (the hotel staff were Very helpful. ٭ staff is usually
only used in the singular and is usually used with a plural verb: (the staff
all speak good English).we say a member of staff (not a staff) to talk about
one person who works for an organization. ٭ staff verb [t] (usually passive):
(the school is staffed by highly qualified teachers).
Teapot /tepot/ noun [c] a container that you use for
making tea in and for pouring tea into cups. It has a lid, a handle and a small
thin Tube (a spout) that the tea is poured out of.)
volunteer /volanteer / noun [c] 1 a person who offers or agrees
to do sth without being forced or paid to dp it. 2 a person who joins the armed
forces without being ordered to. ٭ volunteer verb 1 [I,t] volunteer (sth);
volunteer (to do sth) to offer sth or to do sth which you do not have to do or
for which you will not be paid. 2 [I] volunteer (for sth) to join the armed
forces without being ordered. 3
[t] to give information, etc or make a comment or suggestion without being
asked to.
Prepared by:
Omar Abu Musaed
Kamel El Khateeb
Raed El Madani