In order to design a good
interface that users can relate to, we must understand some of the
psychological traits that a user has. Some of the traits are listed
below.
- Context
- Short term memory
- Long term memory
- Working memory
- Variable pacing
- Closure
- Chunking
1) Context
Because of the different
languages and dialects across the world, we have to take into account
the language that is able to get the idea and message to the user
using the software system being developed.
2) Memory
There are three basic
types of memory, namely
Ø Short term
Ø Long term
Ø Working memory
3) Short-term
memory
Consists of things that
we are thinking of right now. The items in short-term memory do
not need to be recalled by association or conscious. Generally,
short-term memory is thought to be limited to about 7 distinct items
and it will not store an item for more than a few seconds. This
means that the user must lead the user in a gradual flow, requesting
data and decisions that are closely associated with the previous
data and decisions
4) Long-term
memory
This stores our “real”
memories, things that we have memorized and recall, more or less
at will. Accessing information in long term memory may result in
significant delays. Therefore, user interface should not exploit
too much of this memory.
5) Working Memory
This is the part of the
memory that users employ for planning, problem solving and decision
making.
We must also bring upon
the idea of recognition and recall, which is similar to short-term
and long-term memory. Research has shown that recognition is twice
as effective as recall.
For this reason, user
interfaces that provide direct manipulation or at least, menus or
prompts are more user-friendly than interfaces that depend on the
user to formulate commands on his own.
6)Variable placing
When designing interface,
we have to consider the user’s need for slower pace during
thoughtful as opposed to routine tasks.
Also there is a need
for software to adapt to the level of sophistication and experience
of the user.
Good user interfaces
take care of the user’s ability to pace, to control and to
interrupt the flow of interaction.
7) Closure
This is the degree to
which some actions just completed represent the end or closure of
a task.
One of the most disconcerting
things software can do to people is to delay response to an action
far beyond what seems reasonable in terms of the sense of closure
they feel.
By rule of thumb,
-the amount of closure increases with task complexity.
-The delay of closure
tolerated increases with task complexity.
8) Chunking
Chunking or organization
is the principal technique that we use to allow us to deal with
more information in our environment that we can handle.
Basically, organization
means grouping individual items of information logically, then placing
the group in our mind with a name of the group. The name is much
easier to remember and from it , the entire group can be reconstructed.
| 3)
Selection
of the type of User Interface
|
|
|
|
There are three basic
types of user interfaces
- Command interfaces
- Direct manipulation
interfaces
- Menu interfaces
After considering
the requirements given by the client, we have decided to use
a menu interface.
Reasons for
choice of menu interface
With reference to our software requirements,
- Typing effort
is kept to a minimal for the user.
- User are always
presented with a valid command list from which they can select
from
- User errors are
trapped by the interface. If an incorrect menu selection is
made, the systems indicate that the selection is invalid and
that the user should make another choice.
There are basically
three types of menu selections
- Full-screen menu
- Walking menu
- Hierarchical menu
We have decided to
use the full-screen menu. On command from the user, the next
set of choices is displayed.
Reason for
choice of full-screen menu
For full screen menus,
choices are typically organized linearly and these menus may
be scrolling or non-scrolling. Menu options are linearly arranged
but without the scrolling.
This menu suits our
interface because we need to design an interface that users
can choose the parking lot and the time needed. Also, they are
also given the path to their parking lots.
| |