16.    The following instrument is commonly used in assisted deliveries.

a)        Name it.

           Kielland's forceps.

b)         What features distinguish it from other forceps ? 

            1.    No pelvic curve.

             2.    Sliding lock.

             3.    Knobs to indicate position of occiput.

c)         What are the specific indications for its use? 

            1.    To deliver aftercoming head of breech deliveries.

             2.    Malposition: to rotate to OA position. 

d)         What must you ensure before using it?

            1.    Favorable presentation: cephalic + vertex.

             2.    Os fully dilated.

             3.    Ruptured membrane.    

             4.    Contractions are present.

             5.    Engaged head.

             6.    Position must be known.

             7.    Sterile.

e)        What are the possible complications arising from its use?

            1.    Genital tear.

            2.    Bladder injury.

            3.    Extension of episiotomy tear.

            4.    Hemorrhage.

            5.    Infection.