7.        The two pictures below describe the the same condition.

                                      A                                                   B

a)         Describe what is seen.

            A: sternal retraction. B: cyanosis.

b)         Name a condition that can produce these signs.

            Respiratory distress syndrome.

c)         What are the predisposing factors to this condition?

            Asphyxia, maternal diabetes, genetic factors, Caesarean section and prematurity. 

d)         What other signs would you observe?

            Tachypnoea, nasal flaring, expiratory grunting.

e)         How would you manage these infants?

            Hood oxygen to keep SpO2 at 88 - 95

            Continuous positive airway pressure.

            Mechanical ventilation.        

            Intrathecal replacement of surfactant.

            Adequate fluids and nutrition.

            Prophylactic antibiotics: gentamicin + ampicillin for 48 hours. 

f)          Name two long term complications of this condition.

            Chronic lung disease and retinopathy of prematurity.