1.	Acute osteomyelitis:

A.	Is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
B.	Is not associated with subperiosteal abscesses.
C.	May be complicated by septicaemia.
D.	May result in the formation of sequestrum.
E.	Does not produce involucrum. 

2.	Osteosarcoma:

A.	Is rare in the metaphysis of long bone.
B.	Spreads most readily by the lymphatic route.
C.	May gives a ‘sunray spicule’ appearance on radiograph.
D.	Is the commonest primary malignant bone tumor.
E.	Occurs most commonly between the ages of 10 and 25 years.

3.	Paget’s disease of bone:

A.	Rarely affects the skull.
B.	May cause high-output cardiac failure.
C.	May be complicated by the development of an osteosarcoma.
D.	Is associated with lowered levels of serum alkaline phosphatase.
E.	Usually appears before the age of 40 years. 

4.	Ankylosing spondylitis:

A.	Is more common in females than in males.
B.	Has a positive association with HLA-B27.
C.	Usually affects elderly people.
D.	May produce a uveitis.
E.	Invariably produces a positive test for rheumatoid factor.

1.	Acute osteomyelitis:

A.	True.
B.	False.
C.	True. 
D.	True. Accumulations of large amounts of pus under the periosteum may cause thrombosis of a nutrient artery leading to ischaemic necrosis of bone which may separate to form a sequestrum.
E.	False. Involucrum is new bone formed beneath the periosteum.

2.	Osteosarcoma:

A.	False. 
B.	False. Commonest pathway of spread is by the bloodstream to the lungs.
C.	True. Where the periosteum is raised, spicules of new bone are laid down at right angles to the bone shaft.
D.	True.
E.	True.

3.	Paget’s disease of bone:

A.	False. An increase in head circumference is a common finding.
B.	True. Blood flow through the affected bones and underlying skin is greatly increased.
C.	True.
D.	False. It is raised, indicating increased osteoblastic activity.
E.	False.

4.	Ankylosing spondylitis:

A.	False.
B.	True.
C.	False.
D.	True.
E.	False.
5.	The features of osteoporosis include:

A.	Decreased incidence of bony fractures.
B.	An association with Cushing’s syndrome.
C.	A lack of active vitamin D.
D.	Reduction in mineralization of bone.
E.	Thinning of cortical bone.

6.	In subjects with osteogenesis imperfecta:

A.	There is abnormal synthesis of type I collagen.
B.	The sclerae may appear blue.
C.	Multiple fractures may occur in utero.
D.	The pattern of inheritance is always autosomal dominant.
E.	There is an increased incidence of hearing loss.

7.	Chondrosarcoma:

A.	Is a malignant tumor showing osseous differentiation.
B.	Usually runs a more prolonged course than does osteosarcoma.
C.	May arise from a pre-existing benign cartilage tumor.
D.	Commonly arises in the pelvis or ribs.
E.	Commonly occurs under the age of 30 years. 

8.	Rheumatoid arthritis:

A.	Is usually associated with a negative test for rheumatoid factor during the active phase of the disease.
B.	Is associated with rheumatoid nodules in nearly all cases.
C.	May give rise to radial deviation of the fingers.
D.	Usually has microscopic appearance of villous hypertrophy of the synovium with inflammatory cells.
E.	Affects about 3% of the female population.

5.	The features of osteoporosis include:

A.	False.
B.	True.
C.	False.
D.	False. The total bone mass is reduced.
E.	True. 

6.	In subjects with osteogenesis imperfecta:

A.	True. Type I collagen forms 90% of the matrix of bone.
B.	True.
C.	True.
D.	False. The perinatal lethal type usually has an autosomal recessive pattern.
E.	True. This hearing loss is due to bony abnormalities of the inner and middle ear. 

7.	Chondrosarcoma:

A.	False. It shows cartilagenous differentiation.
B.	True. 
C.	True.
D.	True.
E.	False. They are rare under the age of 30 years. 

8.	Rheumatoid arthritis:

A.	False.
B.	False.
C.	False. The fingers usually deviate in the ulnar direction with atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
D.	True.
E.	True.