ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS
1.
The Enterovirus Family
|
|
Polioviruses |
Coxsackieviruses |
Echoviruses |
Unclassified |
|
Types |
1-3 |
A:
1-24 B:
1-6 |
1-33 |
68-71 |
2.
Properties of Enteroviruses
a.
Enteroviruses are a large group within the picorna family of viruses.
b.
Enteroviruses infect primarily the gut, but they rarely cause intestinal
symptoms.
c.
Enterovirus diseases are the result of spread of viruses to other sites
of the body – particularly the CNS.
d.
Primary infection:
i.
enter the body via ingestion by mouth.
ii.
primary site of multiplication is the lymphoid tissue of the alimentary
tract – including the pharynx.
e.
Spread from the gut is in two directions:
i.
outwards into the blood (viraemia) and so to other tissues and organs.
ii.
inwards into the lumen of the gut and so to excretion into the faeces.
3.
Enterovirus disease
|
Syndrome |
Main
viruses responsible |
|
Neurological: Paralysis Aseptic
meningitis |
Polioviruses Most
enteroviruses |
|
Febrile
illness |
Most
enteroviruses |
|
Herpanginas |
Coxsackie
A viruses |
|
Hand-foot-mouth
disease |
Coxsackie
A viruses Enterovirus
71 |
|
Myocarditis,
pericarditis |
Coxsackie
B viruses |
|
Bornholm
disease |
Coxsackie
B viruses |
|
Acute
haemorrhagic conjunctivitis |
Enterovirus
70 Coxsackievirus
A24 |