Virus family

Envelope

Present

Capsid

Symmetry

Genome

Medically important

viruses

Disease / Condition

Parvovirus

No

Icosahedral

SS, linear DNA

B19 virus

Erythema infectiosum

Aplastic anemia crisis

Papovavirus

No

Icosahedral

DS, circular DNA

Papillomavirus

Genital warts

Invasive cervical cancer

Adenovirus

No

Icosahedral

DS, linear DNA

Adenovirus

Pharyngitis, conjunctivitis

Acute respiratory disease

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis

Hepadnavirus

Yes

Icosahedral

DS, incomplete circular DNA

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis, jaundice

Chronic state: liver dysfunction, hepatocellular carcinoma

Herpesvirus

Yes

Icosahedral

DS, linear DNA

Herpes simplex-1

Herpes simplex-2

Varicella-zoster virus

Cytomegalovirus

Epstein-Barr virus

Gingivostomatitis

Herpetic Whitlow

Keratoconjunctivitis

Genital labialis

Neonatal herpes

Aseptic meningitis

Varicella: papulovesicular rash, fever, malaise

Zoster: painful vesicles along sensory dermatomes

Cytomegalic inclusion disease: microcephaly, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice

Fever, lethargy, hepatitis

Fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy

Infectious mononucleosis

Association: Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Poxvirus

Yes

Complex

DS, linear DNA

Smallpox

Molluscum contagiosum

Severe febrile illness with vesicular rashes and high mortality.

Genital warts

Picornavirus

No

Icosahedral

SS linear, nonsegmented, +ve RNA

Poliovirus

Rhinovirus

Coxsackievirus

Echovirus

Hepatitis A virus

Non-paralytic: fever, aseptic meningitis

Paralytic: flaccid paralysis

Common cold syndrome

Complications: sinusitis, otitis media

Group A: herpangina, hand-foot-mouth disease

Group B: Bornholm disease, myocarditis, pericarditis

Aseptic meningitis

Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

Hepatitis, jaundice

No chronic state

Calicivirus

No

Icosahedral

SS linear, nonsegmented, +ve RNA

Norwalk virus

Hepatitis E virus

Small rounded structured virus

Gastroenteritis

Hepatitis

Abdominal cramps, vomiting

Reovirus

No

Icosahedral

DS linear 10 segments

Rotavirus

Gastroenteritis

Diarrhea

Flavivirus

No

Icosahedral

SS linear, nonsegmented, +ve RNA

Yellow fever virus

Japanese encephalitis

Dengue virus

Hepatitis C virus

Haemorrhagic fever with hepatitis and jaundice

Encephalitis

Dengue hemorrhagic fever

Dengue shock syndrome

Hepatitis with chronic state

Togavirus

Yes

Icosahedral

SS linear, nonsegmented, +ve RNA

Rubella virus

Fever

Maculopapular rash

Congenital rubella syndrome: cataracts, deafness, patent ductus arteriosum

Retrovirus

Yes

Icosahedral

SS linear, 2 segments, +ve RNA

HIV

Human T-cell leukemia virus

AIDS

Complications: pneumocystic carinii pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma

Aggressive malignancy of T cells

Complication: Tropical spastic paraparesis

Orthomyxovirus

Yes

Helical

SS linear, 8 segments,  - ve RNA

Influenza virus

Fever, malaise, sore throat

Secondary bacterial pneumonia

Paramyxovirus

Yes

Helical

SS linear, nonsegmented, - ve RNA

Parainfluenza virus

Respiratory syncytial virus

Measles virus

Mumps virus

Croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia

Bronchitis, bronchiolitis

Fever

Maculopapular rash

Complication: SSPE

Parotitis

Aseptic meningitis

Parotitis

Orchitis / Oophoritis

Rhabdovirus

Yes

Helical

SS linear, nonsegmented, -ve RNA

Rabies virus

Neurological: confusion, lethargy, hydrophobia, seizures, paralysis, coma

Filovirus

Yes

Helical

SS linear, nonsegmented, -ve RNA

Ebola virus

Marburg virus

Both viruse cause a severe febrile disease with haemorrhagic manifestations

Coronavirus

Yes

Helical

SS linear, nonsegmented, +ve RNA

Coronavirus

Common cold

Arenavirus

Yes

Helical

SS circular, 2 segments, -ve RNA

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Lassa fever virus

Aseptic meningitis

Haemorrhagic fever

Bunyavirus

Yes

Helical

SS circular, 3 segments, -ve RNA

Hantavirus

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Deltavirus

Yes

Helical

SS circular RNA, -ve

Hepatitis D virus

Hepatitis