| It was on the 08th of Sep, 1952 that Ernest Hemingway came out with his last novel, The Old Man and the Sea. After he published his first two novels, The Sun Also Rises (1926) and A Farewell to Arms (1929), he was considered the best living American writer, and he was probably the most famous writer in the world. But he began to write less and less fiction in the 1930s. He went on long hunting and fishing expeditions. He became an intrepid journalist, covering the civil war in Spain. He moved to Cuba and organized a private spy network to uncover Nazi sympathizers. He patrolled the Gulf of Mexico in his fishing boat, looking for Nazi submarines, though he didn't find any. He covered the invasion of Normandy on D-Day and the liberation of Paris, and he was one of the only armed journalists fighting alongside the other soldiers. After participating in the war, he had a hard time getting back to writing. He said, "[It's] as though you had heard so much loud music you couldn't hear anything played delicately." He finally published his first novel in 10 years in 1950, Across the River and Into the Trees, about World War II. It got terrible reviews. Critics said that maybe he was overrated as a writer. Journalists started contacting him, asking to write his biography, as though he were already dead. Hemingway had been working on a long novel that he called The Sea Book, about different aspects of the sea. He got the idea for it while looking for submarines in his fishing boat. The book had three sections, which he called "The Sea When Young," "The Sea When Absent," and "The Sea in Being," and it had an epilogue about an old fisherman. He wrote more than 800 pages of The Sea Book and rewrote them more than a hundred times, but the book still didn't seem finished. Finally, he decided to publish just the epilogue about the old fisherman, which he called The Old Man and the Sea. He knew that the book was almost too short to be a novel, but he was tired of not publishing anything. The Old Man and the Sea won the Pulitzer Prize, and two years later Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for Literature. He didn't publish another novel in his lifetime. ~ The Writer's Almanac Hemingway code: A standard of behavior exemplified by certain characters in Hemmingway's novels and short stories. It is the ideal toward which the Hemmingway hero strives: knowing how to lose well, courage in crisis, grace under pressure, stoicism, loyalty to comrades, reticence and skill in manly endeavors. Santiago, the old man from "Old Man and The Sea", is an excellent example of the code, one who initiates the boy Manolin into what it takes to become a man. Wilson, the hunting guide in "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber", is another example of the code. Hemingway style: A taut style of writing especially in the interludes and short stories of "In Our Time (1925). Characterized by monosyllabic vocabulary,short sentences, stark dialogue, understated emotion and dependence upon verbs and nouns rather than on adjectives and adverbs, the Hemingway style exerted a strong influence on 20th-century fiction. ~Facts on File Dictionary of Cultural and Historical Allusions |
 |