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| Art
therapy is a
type of psychotherapy that uses art-making and creativity
to increase emotional well-being. Art therapy combines
traditional psychotherapeutic theories and techniques
with specialized knowledge about the psychological
aspects of the creative process, especially the affective
properties of different art materials. As a mental health
profession, art therapy is employed in many different
clinical settings with many different types of patients.
Art therapy is present in non-clinical settings as well,
such as in art studios and workshops that focus on
creativity development. According to the American Art Therapy Association, art therapy is based on the belief that the creative process involved in making art is healing and life-enhancing. Through creating and talking about art with an art therapist, one can increase awareness of self, cope with symptoms, stress, and traumatic experiences, increase cognitive abilities, |
and
enjoy the life-affirming pleasures of artistic
creativity. Art therapists are professionals trained in
both art and therapy and hold a master's degree in art
therapy or a related field. Art therapists work with
children, adolescents, and adults and provide services to
individuals, couples, families, groups, and communities.
The term art therapy generally applies to the use of the
visual arts in psychotherapy, while creative arts therapy
refers to the use of art therapy, dance therapy, drama
therapy, music therapy, poetry therapy and psychodrama.
Expressive arts therapy is a term that overlaps with
creative arts therapy, and generally refers to the use of
performing arts for psychotherapeutic purposes. Graffiti is a type of deliberately inscribed marking made by humans on surfaces, both private and public. It can take the form of art, drawings or words. When done without a property owner's consent it often constitutes vandalism. |
Graffiti has existed at least since the days of ancient civilizations such as classical Greece and the Roman Empire. The word "graffiti" expresses the plural of "graffito", although the singular form has become relatively obscure and is largely used in art history to refer to works of art made by scratching the design on a surface. Another related term is graffito, a way of creating a design by scratching through one layer of pigment to reveal another one beneath. All of these English words come from the Italian language, most likely descending from "graffiato", the past participle of "graffiare" (to scratch); ancient graffitists scratched their work into walls before the advent of spray-paint, as in murals or frescoes. These words derive in their turn from the Greek ??afe?? (graphein), meaning "to write". Historians continue to speculate over the vexing question as to where the term "graffiti" first referred to this form of marking. | ||