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Name: 
 

TAKS Review Objective 3 (Biology)


Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Viruses are different from plant cells because viruses
a.
cause disease.
c.
contain only RNA.
b.
are much larger.
d.
are capable of growth.
 

 2. 
A student is studying the Venn diagram provided. What should the student put in the blank?
mc002-1.jpg
a.
Development
c.
Response to stimulus
b.
Genetic material
d.
Maintenance of homeostasis
 

 3. 
Which of these best explains why viruses that attack respiratory cells of mammals do not attack the cells of the digestive system?
a.
Stomach acid kills these viruses.
b.
Viruses can attach only to certain cells.
c.
Viruses get stuck in the lungs and are then exhaled.
d.
The immune system kills these viruses before they reach the stomach.
 

 4. 
Viruses cause illness. A person can prevent getting an illness by
a.
taking aspirin.
c.
getting a vaccination.
b.
taking antibiotics.
d.
eating more vegetables.
 

 5. 
The first time an organism is exposed to a virus, the immune system produces antibodies that recognize the protein coat of the virus. This allows the immune system to respond quickly the next time the organism is exposed to that exact virus, and the virus then does not cause disease. However, some viruses mutate, and the organism's immune system is not able to produce an immune response. Which of these viral diseases is most likely one that can mutate quickly?
a.
Measles
c.
Common cold
b.
Chickenpox
d.
Mononucleosis
 

 6. 
It is often recommended that after taking antibiotics, a patient should try eating yogurt, a food that contains the bacteria Acidophilus. What would be the most likely reason for this recommendation?
a.
The yogurt protects the stomach.
b.
The yogurt contains necessary nutrients for digestion.
c.
Acidophilus bacteria are capable of killing infectious bacteria.
d.
Acidophilus bacteria help restore the bacteria in the digestive tract.
 

 7. 
Which of these structures do viruses and animal cells have in common?
a.
Golgi body
c.
Nucleic acid strands
b.
Cell membrane
d.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
 

 8. 
Antibiotics are not effective against diseases such as common colds, smallpox, influenza, and warts
because each of these diseases
a.
is caused by a virus.
c.
has developed antibiotic resistance.
b.
infects many different kinds of cells.
d.
is transmitted in many different ways.
 

 9. 
Streptococcus, the bacterium that causes strep throat and other infections, is harmful to the human body because it
a.
causes uncontrolled cell division.
c.
produces spores that may be inhaled.
b.
injects its genetic material into cells.
d.
releases poisons into the bloodstream.
 

 10. 
Anthrax is found mostly in cattle, sheep, goats, and deer, as well as in humans. Anthrax spores can live in the soil for many years. Anthrax is a bacterium that seems to depend on the death of the host organism. An animal or person infected has a good chance of survival if antibiotics are started as soon as possible. What benefit does the death of the host organism provide to the anthrax bacteria?
a.
Supplies necessary nutrients
c.
Lessens the effects of the antibiotics
b.
Provides access to enter the soil
d.
Produces optimal climate conditions
 

 11. 
Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium that causes food poisoning. C. botulinum produces poisons only in
anaerobic, slightly acidic conditions. Which of these might provide an environment for growth of C.
botulinum?
a.
Frozen food
c.
Freeze-dried food
b.
Canned food
d.
Vacuum-packed food
 

 12. 
Actinomycetes are a type of bacteria that decompose materials in the soil. Some of the products
actinomycetes form are streptomycin and erythromycin, which kill bacteria. Streptomycin and erythromycin are examples of
a.
biotics.
c.
probiotics.
b.
eubiotics.
d.
antibiotics.
 

 13. 
Bacteria in the digestive tracts of many organisms produce vitamin K to aid in the absorption of calcium. How does bacteria aid the organism?
a.
Maintains bones
c.
Increases immunity
b.
Increases flexibility
d.
Increases neural function
 

 14. 
Which of these is a way bacteria cause disease at the structural level of an organism?
a.
Cell damage
c.
Genetic mutation
b.
Nutrient uptake
d.
Metabolic alteration
 

 15. 
Which of these can be used to most effectively kill bacteria found on food?
a.
Cooking
c.
Refrigeration
b.
Freezing
d.
Tenderization
 

 16. 
The chart shows relationships between animals based on physical characteristics. According to this chart, which group is most closely related to crocodiles?
mc016-1.jpg
a.
Birds
c.
Snakes
b.
Iguanas
d.
Amphibians
 

 17. 
The diagram shows the sequence of a gene in four species of primates.
mc017-1.jpg
Based on this evidence, which species is most closely related to the gorilla?
a.
Orangutan
c.
Rhesus monkey
b.
Spider monkey
d.
Squirrel monkey
 

 18. 
The front limbs of a human, whale, dog, and bat consist of similar bones, but the limbs have different
functions in each of these organisms. What type of comparative anatomy does this illustrate?
mc018-1.jpg
a.
Vestigial structures
c.
Homologous structures
b.
Analogous structures
d.
Embryologic structures
 

 19. 
The picture shows forelimb bones of various species. How can a scientist use these structures as evidence of a common ancestor?
mc019-1.jpg
a.
Analogous structures
c.
Evolutionary structures
b.
Evidentiary structures
d.
Homogenous structures
 

 20. 
Based on the diagram, which of these structures would most likely show that these two organisms are evolutionarily related?
mc020-1.jpg
a.
Hollow bones
c.
Vomerine teeth
b.
Clawed wings
d.
Reptilian scales
 

 21. 
mc021-1.jpg
mc021-2.jpg
The bones in the limbs of an amphibian and lobe-finned fish show a strong resemblance. Which of these terms would best describe the limb bones of the amphibian and lobe-finned fish?
a.
Mimicry
c.
Analogous structures
b.
Vestigial structure
d.
Homologous structures
 

 22. 
The table provided lists the amino acids found in certain bacteria. Each three-letter combination represents a different amino acid. Which bacteria are most closely related?
mc022-1.jpg
a.
Bacteria 1 and 2
c.
Bacteria 2 and 3
b.
Bacteria 1 and 3
d.
Bacteria 2 and 4
 

 23. 
A dominant allele can cause hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels). Hypercholesterolemia, if left untreated, can result in heart disease. Which of these is the most likely reason that this allele is still present in the human population?
a.
The allele does not have a significant impact on health.
b.
The people with the dominant allele live to have children.
c.
The effect of the dominant allele is masked by other genes.
d.
The effect can be eliminated by exercise and a healthy diet.
 

 24. 
All thoroughbred horses descended from just a few stallions. Breeders mate the fastest horses with each other to get even faster horses. However, for many years, race times have not improved. What is the best explanation for this failure?
a.
Speed is influenced primarily by environment.
b.
So many genes influence speed that it cannot be selected.
c.
More genetic variation is needed to produce further change.
d.
Inbreeding has produced too many horses with recessive alleles.
 

 25. 
Sickle-cell anemia is a disease caused by an allele that produces defective hemoglobin. People who are heterozygous for sickle-cell anemia have a greater resistence to malaria. The frequency of the sickle cell allele would be expected to increase
a.
in areas where malaria is common.
b.
where atmospheric oxygen levels are low.
c.
if effective anti-malarial drugs were available.
d.
if fewer individuals with the defective allele had children.
 

 26. 
Scientists studying roaches in the lab notice an occasional body-shaking behavior that is strong enough to shake off some pesticides. The scientists hypothesize that this behavior is genetic. What do they think will happen over many generations?
a.
Only roaches who observe this behavior will do it.
b.
This behavior will spread to the entire captive roach population.
c.
More roaches will exhibit this behavior where pesticides are used.
d.
Roaches will develop an immunity to pesticides where they are used.
 

 27. 
It has been hypothesized that global warming is caused by excess amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere. One proposed solution to this problem is to plant more trees. However, planting more trees will not permanently reduce CO2 levels because trees
a.
release CO2  as they decompose.
c.
convert CO2  into carbohydrates.
b.
only use CO2 during the summer.
d.
produce CO2 as fast as they use it.
 

 28. 
In some nations, people eat primarily grains, such as rice and corn. Based on understanding energy flow between trophic levels, why is it more energy efficient for people to eat grains than to eat meat?
a.
The energy in meats is of a lower quality than the energy in grains.
b.
By becoming second level consumers, people need less energy to survive.
c.
The energy needed to produce agricultural crops, like rice and corn, is very small.
d.
By becoming herbivores, people are feeding closer to the original source of energy.
 

 29. 
In an ecosystem, energy flows from producers to consumers. Which of these would receive the least energy from the producers?
a.
Cow
b.
Frog
c.
Mouse
d.
Coyote
 

 30. 
Ecosystems recycle energy when some organisms break down dead organisms into nutrient-rich
compounds. Which classification are these organisms that break others down?
a.
Producers
c.
Primary consumers
b.
Decomposers
d.
Secondary consumers
 

 31. 
Based on this energy pyramid, what percentage of energy is lost between the herring and the salmon?
mc031-1.jpg
a.
10%
b.
50%
c.
90%
d.
100%
 

 32. 
Which of these would explain why most food chains consist of no more than six levels?
a.
90% of the energy is lost at each level.
b.
The sun's energy is not utilized efficiently.
c.
An increase in food reserves for carnivores occurs.
d.
Overpopulation leads to decreased energy reserves.
 

 33. 
Only 10% of the energy in an ecosystem is available for use by the next level of organism. The energy for metabolism is lost through
a.
heat.
b.
biomass.
c.
reactions.
d.
bioremediation.
 

 34. 
Which of these is an energy source for living things?
a.
Heat
b.
Wind
c.
The sun
d.
The Earth
 

 35. 
The liver, kidneys, lungs, and skin all function to help the body
a.
produce red blood cells.
c.
eliminate waste products.
b.
move nutrients into cells.
d.
maintain a stable temperature.
 

 36. 
mc036-1.jpg
The roots shown in these pictures are specifically adapted to
a.
store nutrients.
c.
aid in reproduction.
b.
provide support.
d.
protect against predators.
 

 37. 
This picture shows a cross section of a leaf. In which section of the leaf would the greatest amount of
photosynthesis take place?
mc037-1.jpg
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
 

 38. 
Potatoes and carrots are examples of plant roots that have been modified for what purpose?
a.
Storing food
c.
Conducting photosynthesis
b.
Absorbing oxygen
d.
Providing structural support
 

 39. 
Leaves growing on the outer branches of a tree are exposed to more sunlight than leaves growing in the shady interior. Which of these adaptations would help leaves in the sun reduce water loss?
a.
Thinner veins
c.
Larger stomata
b.
Thicker cuticle
d.
More chlorophyll
 

 40. 
The adaptations shown in the table provided are typical of plants living under what kind of condition?
mc040-1.jpg
a.
Low altitude
c.
High water levels
b.
Heavy predation
d.
Extreme temperatures
 

 41. 
Some plants keep their leaves year-round. What is the advantage?
a.
Increased water loss
c.
Longer time to reproduce
b.
Longer growing season
d.
Increased energy conservation
 

 42. 
How would the seeds shown in the diagram most likely disperse?
mc042-1.jpg
a.
By wind
b.
By water
c.
By insects
d.
By animals
 

 43. 
Small leaves, stems with a waxy covering, and seeds that germinate very quickly when wet are all
adaptations of plants that live
a.
in dry areas.
c.
in moist areas.
b.
near an ocean.
d.
around hot springs.
 

 44. 
The Paloverde tree grows in Texas, Arizona, and Mexico and is adapted to the desert. Like many other
desert-adapted plants, it has small leaves to prevent water loss, and spines to keep animals from eating the leaves. The tree has blue-green bark and small yellow flowers. The tree keeps its leaves only in the spring and then drops them. A leafless tree still produces food because it adapts with the ability to
a.
get oxygen through the spines.
c.
photosynthesize through the bark.
b.
obtain water through the roots.
d.
photosynthesize through the leaves.
 



 
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