Match the phrase on the left with the definition in the dropdown box. When you are done click on the "CHECK" button.

Control	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Variable	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Eubacteria	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Greenhouse effect	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Laboratory safety	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Power	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Phylogeny	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Endocrine System	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Nervous system	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Taxonomy	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Buoyancy	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Immune system	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Antibiotic	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Active transport	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Muscular/skeletal system	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Archaebacteria	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Photosynthesis	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Momentum	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Dominant	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Physical Property	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Trophic level	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Digestive System	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Newton’s First Law	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Reproductive system	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Polarization	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Circulatory System	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Host cell	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Retroviruses	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Adaptation	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Extinction	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Universal solvent	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Solvent	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Covalent bond	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Commensalism	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Heat	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Bacteria	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Kingdom	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Rock cycle	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Efficiency	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Period	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Solution	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Convection	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Radiation	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Plants	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Wavelength	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Homeostasis	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Animals	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Speed	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Acceleration	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Fungi	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Ecosystem	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Protists	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Cell membrane	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Scientific methods	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Food pyramid	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Mitochondrion	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Food web	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Behavior	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Predation	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Law of Conservation of Mass	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Mutualism	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Digestion	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Permeability	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
RNA	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Organelles	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Endoplasmic reticulum	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Ribosomes	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
ATP	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Metabolism	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Chloroplasts	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Natural selection	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Carbon cycle	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Water cycle	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Respiration	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Speciation	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
DNA	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Replication	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Mutation	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Respiratory system	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Mechanical advantage	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Hypothesis	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Translation	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Allele	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Punnett square	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Amplitude	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Density	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Chemical property	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Integumentary system	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Valence electrons	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Physical change	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Transcription	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Food chain	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Fossil fuels	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Chemical change	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Viscosity	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Solubility	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
States of matter	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Lytic cycle	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Electrolyte	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
pH scale	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Force	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Ionic bond	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Newton’s Third Law	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Parasitism	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Solute	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Energy transformation	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Work	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Law of Conservation of Energy	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Conduction	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Interference	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Virus	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Battery	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Newton’s Second Law	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Solar cell	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Refraction	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Frequency	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Oxidation	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Reflection	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Excretory system	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things
Resonance	??? of stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize viruses containing a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which transcribes viral RNA into DNA, enabling the viral DNA to enter the host cell’s chromosome the part of the experiment in which all condition are kept constant the sequence through which water passes from the atmosphere through precipitation on land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight process requiring energy by which cells move materials a property of any moving object; the product of an object’s mass and velocity (p=mv) the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand internal membrane-bound structures in a cell eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle in which good molecules are broken down to produce energy a change from one form of energy to another, such as electrical energy to thermal energy a natural phenomenon by which carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases prevent heat from escaping into space protects the body from infections such as the cold and flu process in which the bases in mRNA code for amino acids the process that transfers kinetic energy when particles collide a mode of life in which food is primarily obtained by the killing and consuming of animals ribonucleic acid; forms a copy of DNA for use in protein synthesis the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure disease-causing, nonliving particle composed of an inner core of nucleic acid enclosed by one or two protein coats process in which the two strands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA controls the metabolic activities of the body structures states that, in any process, mass is neither created nor destroyed, but is conserved summarizes interactions of matter and energy at each trophic level (Some textbooks refer to this as an ecological pyramid.) rate of change in the position of an object (some textbooks call this velocity.) a cell in which a virus reproduces the rate of change in speed the action or process of affecting radiation and light so that the vibrations of the waves assume a definite form If a system has no net force on it, then its velocity will not change. a process involving one or more substance changing into new substances an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current caused by HIV, which damages the immune system the cycle in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration and decay response of an animal to an environmental stimulus filters the blood, collects urine, and excretes urine from the body (some textbooks call this the urinary system) symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped receives and breaks down food and absorbs nutrients process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy symbiotic relationship beneficial to both species the interaction of two or more waves eukaryotic organelles involved in protein synthesis a shorthand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution taxonomic grouping of related phyla total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism in periodic motion, the time needed to repeat a complete cycle gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism evolution of structural, internal, or behavioral features that help an organism better survive in its environment a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into new substances the process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds a vibration of large amplitude caused by a relatively small stimulus of a similar period the rate at which energy is transferred a quantity or condition that can have more than one value in a controlled experiment symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of the other species a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but not its composition the transfer of heat by means of motion in a fluid group of prokaryotes that produce glucose by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood shows all the possible feeding relationships in a community the maximum distance an object moves from equilibrium in any periodic motion biologists try to minimize hazards to themselves, the people working around them, and the organisms they are studying the process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces; the product of the force and the distance over which the force was applied (W=fd) membranes forming a type of transport system group of heterotrophic, eukaryotic consumers that absorb nutrients from decomposing wastes and dead organisms common procedures used by scientists to gather information used in problem solving and experimentation chlorophyll-containing organelle found in green plants and some protists coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of organisms microbial or fungal product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound the boundary between the cell and its external environment; allows materials such as oxygen to enter and waste products to leave (Some textbooks call this the plasma membrane.) a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume (g/cm3) visible, observable trait of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material multicellular consumers that eat other organisms for food group of eukaryotic, plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike organisms lacking complex organ systems that live in moist environments the energy in a closed, isolated system is constant All forces come in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. continuous, dramatic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem consists of a pair of lungs, a series of passageways into the body, and a thin sheet of smooth muscle called the diaphragm the process by which a new species is formed when individuals of a population are unable to interbreed or produce fertile offspring viral reproductive cycle the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals that determine the chemical properties of an element involved in the production of gametes error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosome or just one gene the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance a possible route for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem a group of cells connected together to convert chemical energy to electric energy includes three types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal; the skeletal system consists of the skeleton occurs when the last member of a species dies Acceleration of an object equals the net force on that object divided by its mass. the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists—most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas testable explanation of a question or problem branch of biology dealing with grouping and naming organisms equilibrium of an organism’s internal environment that maintains conditions suitable for life Water is commonly called a universal solvent because of its polarity. in periodic motion, the number of complete oscillations measured in hertz (Hz) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference property of a plasma or cell membrane that maintains the cell’s homeostasis (Some textbooks call this selective permeability.) adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as the cell’s “energy currency” the substance that dissolves the shortest distance between points where the wave pattern repeats itself a uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases the ratio of resistance force to effort force the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid (some textbooks call this buoyant force.) a push or pull exerted on an object; has magnitude and direction the ratio of output work to input work changes light energy into electric energy (Some textbooks call this a photovoltaic cell.) deoxyribonucleic acid; the master copy of an organism’s information code includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs group of prokaryotes with a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism a change in the direction of waves crossing a boundary between two different media occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off the dissolving medium consists of the skin and its associated structures mechanism that explains how changes in populations occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generation; can be stabilizing, directional or disruptive populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact evolutionary history of a species based on comparative relationships of structures and on comparisons of modern life forms with fossils microscopic, prokaryotic cells; the smallest and simplest of living things