Writing Frames
Romans at War 1
	A letter home to Carthage Dear Mom, I am in Italy with Hannibal's army. I joined up because .......................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... (loyal; adventure; hate Romans) We set off from Spain with 100,000 men and 36 elephants because ....................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... (attack; Rome; strong) We have had many problems. Firstly, we had to cross the River Rhone. We did it like this .................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................... (boats; rafts) Then we had to cross the Alps. This is what happened ............................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... (narrow paths; snow; accidents) We arrived in Italy but Hannibal did not attack Rome straight away because ......................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... (tired; many deaths; need reinforcements) We have been in Italy for 15 years but the Romans have worn us down by ............................................ ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... (siege; no food or supplies) The Romans are going to attack Carthage so we are coming home. I think Rome will win because ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... I think we have failed to capture Rome because ...................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. We shall come to defend our homes. See you soon. Best wishes from your son.

Romans at War 2
	My Life as a Roman Soldier   Word Box   centurion vine leopard auxiliaries standard cavalry 25 first   My name is ............................... and I am a legionary. I am a Roman citizen and have joined the army for .......... years. 80 of us are under the control of a ................................ He is called Brutus. He wears a plumed helmet and carries a .................... stick with which he could .................... any man who was disobedient. We have many captives in our army called .............................. We always send them into battle ...................... We also have men on horseback, called the ...................... who charge into the enemy. We are led by our standard bearer who carries the eagle and wears a ................................ skin on his head. My weapons and armour are very important I shall describe them to you: I carry 2 javelins, they are strong and ..................................................(sharp; flexible) My shield protects me and is shaped like ..................................................................... (rectangle; boss; tortoise) I also carry .......................................................................................... (sword; dagger). My head is well protected because ............................................................................... (helmet; cheeks; neck) My body is covered with ............................................................................................... (cuirass; flexible) On my feet I wear ........................................................................................................... (sandals; hob nail) I decided to join the army because .................................................................................. and had to take an oath which means .............................................................................. I have to be very fit and march 20 miles each day carrying my kit. This includes .......................................................................................................................................... Each day I have to train. This involves ............................................................................ (swimming; fencing; mock battles) Other jobs I do include ..................................................................................................... (building roads; surveying; building forts). I get paid ......................... denari per week but out of that I have to buy ....................... (food; 300 posca). Discipline is very strict. This is what happened last week ............................................ (flogging; decimation). There are also rewards such as ........................... (medals; promotion). I think I shall make a good soldier because .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... After 25 years, I hope to ..................................................................................................

Romans Slavery
	WERE THE ROMANS CIVILISED? A Day in the Life of a Slave My name is ........................................ and I come from ....................................... I was captured in battle and taken to a slave auction in Rome. This is what happened ............................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................ (skills; bid; denarii; collar) (Source F) My master/mistress is very kind/cruel because ............................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................ (Sources A & B) Each morning I get up and do my duties which are (Source C) .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. I help in the kitchen. Everything is home made. Today's menu will be ...................................., ...................................., .................................... Followed by ............................................................................... and ....................................... Tonight my master is having a banquet. I help my master/mistress to get ready. This involves ............................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................ (bath, hair, toga, dress) The guests arrive, lies on low couches and eat off long tables. Everyone eats too much and my master ............................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................ (vomit; beating) In future, I hope I shall be free. I can do this by .............................................................................. ......................................................................................................................(escape; save up; set free) I think slavery is civilised/barbaric because .............................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

The Tudors - Elizabeth 1
	Our Admiral Santa Cruz has suddenly died. I do not want to lead the Armada because 1. The English are strong and are led by Lord Howard and Sir ………………………….. based in Plymouth. 2. A warning system of …………………………………………. along the English coast. 3. Rough weather ahead at Corunna which could mean …………………………………. 4. I don't like sailing because ……………………………………………………………. What happened on the journey? this is what happened on our journey (130 red & Gold ships; crescent shape; chase; English Channel; Calais; fireships; panic; north; Sickness; rotten food; damaged ships; gales; Rocks Scotland; 67; Spain) ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. The English commemorated the victory with a portrait of Elizabeth which showed …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… I think the Armada failed because 1. …………………………………………………… 2. …………………………………………………… 3. …………………………………………………… 4. …………………………………………………… 5. ……………………………………………………. 6. …………………………………………………….

The Tudors - Elizabeth 2
	THE SPANISH ARMADA Why did it happen? I am the Duke of Medina Sidonia, leader of the Spanish Armada about to attach and invade England on behalf of our glorious King PhilipII. The reasons we are attacking are …………….. (look at cartoon) 1. …………………………………………………………………… 2. …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… 3. …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… 4. …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… 5. …………………………………………………………………… The most important reason is ………………………………………………… because …………………………………………………………………………………………. Our Armada is made up of …………………………, …………………………….. and (Source P39 Aylett) ……….……… What was the plan? We devised a master plan. We would set off from Spain, sail to ………………………. And pick up 30,000 troops, cross the English Channel to ……………… 25,000 English …………………. would join the army and overthrow Queen …………………………. (Catholics; Kent; Elizabeth; Netherlands) Already things are going wrong:- 1.The singeing of the King of Spain's beard when Sir Francis Drake …………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. Food barrels made of unseasoned wood which meant ……………………… 3. Hurriedly built ships which would probably …………………………………………... 4. The lack of a naval base in the Netherlands which means …………………………….. ……………………………………………

World War 1 - The Somme 1
	The Battle of the Somme 1916 What the British shelling was meant to do. 24 June - 1 July A. For nearly 8 days General Haig ordered 2,000 British guns to pound the German trenches. · By December 15th 1915 there was a stalemate on the Western Front. This meant ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………..………………………………………………. (breakthrough; re-inforcements). · Field Marshall Haig was appointed as the new commander of the British forces. He thought wars should be fought by (Source 1) ………………………………………………..……………………………………… · He wanted to relieve pressure on the French fort at Verdun by attacking the Germans on the River Somme. Preparations involved (Source A) ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… · The attitude at many of the Soldiers was (Source B) . ………………………………………………..…………………………………………

World War 1 - The Somme 2
	· The attack by the British began at 7:30am on 1st July 1916. This is what happened (Source 10) (over the top; crawling, mud, shell holes, barbed wire, snipers; 20,000 killed in the first hour) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… · To their horror, although the British expected the Germans to be dead, most were still alive because (Source 7; Source A) (barbed wire; deep dugouts). ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... · The Battle continued for 3 months and only 10 miles of shell torn mud had been captured by the British. 1,250,000 casualties were suffered by both sides. Many blamed Haig because (Sources 8+9) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… · I agree/Disagree because ……..……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… When reports of the casualties got back to Britain the Government were forced to introduce conscription because …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………