Idioms, Conventional Phrases and Expressions
| Salutoj | Greetings |
| saluton | hi, hello |
| salutojn al c^iuj | hi everybody |
| ha lo | hello (to answer the phone) |
| bonan tagon bon-tagon (col.) |
good day, good afternoon |
| bonan (col.) | good day, good morning, good evening, etc. |
| bonan matenon | good morning |
| bonan vesperon | good evening |
| bon-venon estu bonvena = bonvenu |
welcome |
| saluti | to greet, to say hi |
| Salutu
_____-n mia-parte
(=mia-flanke).
Salutu lin miaparte. Salutu Karlon miaparte. Salutu Jennifer miaparte. |
Say hi to
_____
for me. Tell _____ I say hi. |
| Kiel vi fartas? | How are you? |
| Kiel vi? (col.) | How are you doing? |
| Kiel estas al vi? | How's it going? |
| Bone, dankon, kaj vi? | Fine, thanks, and you? |
| sufic^e bone mez-bone |
not bad ('well enough') |
| pli-malpi bone | so-so ('more or less well') |
| Kio okazas? | What's happening?, What's up? |
| Kio novas?
Kio estas nova? |
What's new? |
| Kiel mars^as c^io? | How's everything? |
| C^u c^io
estas
en ordo? C^u c^io en-ordas? |
Is everything all right (=OK)? |
| C^io estas en ordo. C^io en-ordas. |
Everything's all right (=OK). |
| C^u io misas? | Is something wrong? |
| Kio misas? | What's wrong? |
| Nenio misas. | Nothing's wrong. |
| Kio estas al
vi? Kio okazas al vi? |
What's wrong with you? |
| Adiau^oj | Good-bye |
| g^is la revido | bye (until the next time we see each other) |
| g^is la reau^do | bye (until the next time we speak to each other) |
| g^is la reskribo | bye (until the next time we write to each other) |
| g^is la | bye |
| g^is baldau^ | see you soon |
| g^is poste | see you later |
| g^is morgau^ | see you tomorrow |
| g^is lundo | see you on Monday |
| g^is la venonta (= proksima) semajno | see you next week |
| g^is la venonta | see you next time |
| fartu bone | 'be well' |
| bonan nokton | good night |
| adiau^ | good-bye (for a long time) |
| adiau^i | to say good-bye |
| Feri-tagoj | Holidays |
| Felic^an Novan Jaron Felic^an Nov-jaron |
Happy New Year |
| Felic^an Danko-feston | Happy Thanksgiving |
| G^ojan (=Gajan) Kristnaskon | Merry Christmas |
| Kutimaj demandoj | Common questions |
| Kiel vi nomig^as? | What's your name? (What are you called?) |
| Mi nomig^as _____. | My name is _____. (I am called _____.) |
| Kio (=kiu) estas via nomo? | What's your name? |
| Mia nomo estas _____. | My name is _____. |
| Estas plezuro ekkoni vin (=konatig^i kun vi). | pleased to meet you |
| La plezuro estas mia. | the pleasure is mine |
| Kiom vi ag^as? | How old are you? |
| Mi estas 25-jara (=25-jarag^a). | I'm 25 years old. |
| Kiom da jaroj vi havas? | How old are you? ('How many years do you have?') |
| Mi havas 25 jarojn. | I'm 25 years old. ('I have 25 years.') |
| Kie vi log^as? | Where do you live? |
| Mi log^as en _____. | I live in _____. |
| Kio (=kiu) estas via adreso? | What is your address? |
| Kio (=kiu) estas via pos^ta kodo? | What is you zip code? |
| Kio (=kiu) estas via telefon-numero? | What is phone number? |
| Kio (=kiu) estas via area kodo? | What is your area code? |
| Kio (=kiu) estas via profesio? | What's your profession. |
| Kion vi laboras? | What do you do for a living? |
| Kio (=kiu) estas via fako? | What's your field? |
| Kio (=kiu) estas via studfako (=stud-objekto)? | What's your major? |
| G^entile | Being polite |
| mi petas | please |
| bon-volu _____-i Bonvolu paroli malrapide. bon-vole _____-u Bonvole parolu malrapide. |
please + verb Please speak slowly. |
| bonvolu | go ahead |
| C^u vi bonvolus -i. C^u vi bonvolus fermi la pordon? |
Would you please + verb? Would you please close the door? |
| C^u vi farus komplezon al mi? | Would you do me a favor? |
| certe | sure |
| kun plezuro | with pleasure |
| volonte | with pleasure ('willingly') |
| dankon
multe mi tre dankas vin |
thank you very much |
| multajn dankojn | thanks a lot ('many thanks') |
| plezure | no problem, you're welcome |
| ne dankinde | you're welcome ('it's not worth thanking') |
| pardonu | excuse me, pardon me |
| pardonon | sorry |
| pardonu min | forgive me |
| mi pardon-petas | I'm sorry. I apologize. ('I request forgiveness.') |
| ne gravas | it doesn't matter, nevermind |
| mi bedau^ras | How unfortunate, I'm sorry (for what happened to you) |
| sanon | bless you |
| bonan apetiton bon-apetiton |
bon appetit |
| same al vi | likewise (same to you) |
| je via sano | cheers (to your health) |
| bonan s^ancon bon-s^ancon |
good luck |
| bonan vojag^on | have a nice trip |
| mi gratulas vin gratulojn |
congratulations |
| Kutimaj postuloj | Common commands |
| bonvolu | go ahead |
| helpu min | help me |
| pardonu | excuse me, pardon me |
| rapidu | hurry up |
| silentu | be quiet |
| restu trankvila ne maltrankvilig^u |
don't worry |
| fartu bone | 'be well' (a way of saying good-bye) |
| sidig^u | sit down |
| fermu la bus^on | shut up |
| venu c^i tien | come here |
| ni iru ni ekiru ni foriru |
let's go let's go, let's get going, let's start off (with a specific destination in mind) let's go, let's leave, let's get out of here (with no specific destination in mind) |
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| ...c^u? Vi ne parolas Volapukon, c^u? |
...is it?, ...is that so? ...right? |
| ...c^u ne? Vi parolas la anglan, c^u ne? |
...isn't it?, ...isn't that so? ...right? |
| c^u vere? | really? |
| c^u sen-s^erce? | seriously? ('not joking?') |
| pardonu? | I beg your pardon?, Excuse me (I didn't hear you.) |
| bone en ordo |
all right, OK |
| certe | sure |
| eble | maybe |
| vers^ajne | probably |
| plej vers^ajne | most likely |
| kompreneble | of course |
| domag^e | too bad |
| g^uste | (that's) right |
| strange | (that's) strange, weird |
| ne mirinde | no wonder |
| Fraz-komenciloj | Transition words / Sentence markers |
| Nu | Well |
| Do | So |
| Sekve | Consequently |
| Rezulte | As a result |
| Tial Pro tio |
For that reason, That's why |
| Tamen | Nevertheless, However |
| Fakte | Actually, In fact, As a matter of fact |
| Krome | Besides |
| Krom tio | Besides that |
| Cetere | In addition, besides |
| Plie | Moreover |
| Alie | Otherwise |
| Dume Dumtempe Intertempe |
Meanwhile In the mean time |
| Nuntempe | Nowadays, At the present time |
| Poste | Afterwards, (And) Then, Later |
| Subite | Suddenly All of a sudden |
| Finfine | Finally |
| Felic^e | Fortunately |
| Bedau^rinde | Unfortunately |
| C^iuokaze | At any rate, anyway |
| Antau^ c^io | Above all ('before everything') |
| Malgrau c^io | After all ('in spite of everything') |
| Parenteze | By the way |
| Ali-vorte | In other words |
| Unuflanke Unuparte |
One one hand |
| Aliflanke Aliparte |
On the other hand |
| Temp-esprimoj | Time expressions |
| Kioma horo estas? Kiomas? (col.) |
What time is it? |
| Estas la kvina horo. | It's five o'clock. |
| Estas la kvina kaj duono. | It's five thirty. |
| Estas
la kvina
kaj (=kun) dek
minutoj. Estas dek minutoj post la kvina horo. |
It's five ten. It's ten past five. |
| Estas
la kvara kaj
(=kun) kvindek
minutoj. Estas dek minutoj antau^ la kvina horo. |
It's four fifty. It's ten till five. |
| Je kioma horo...? | At what time...? |
| je la... | at... |
| c^irkau^ la... | at around... |
| akurate | punctually |
| g^ustatempe | on time, on schedule |
| Kiun daton ni havas
hodiau^? Kiu dato estas hodiau^? |
What's today's date? |
| Hodiau^ estas la 21-a de julio, 2002. | Today is July 21st, 2002. |
| Kiu dato estos morgau^? | What is tomorrow's date? |
| Je la 21-a de julio La 21-an de julio |
On July 21st... |
| Kiu tago estas hodiau^? | What day (of the week) is it today? |
| Hodiau^ estas lundo. | Today is Monday. |
| Je (=En) kiu
tago li alvenos? Kiun tagon li alvenos? |
On what day is he arriving? |
| lundon | on Monday (last Monday or this coming Monday) |
| c^i-lunde | this (coming) Monday |
| lunde | 1. on Monday
(last Monday or this coming Monday) 2. on Mondays (but not necessarily every Monday) |
| c^iu-lunde | every Monday |
| sekva-lunde (Hodiau^
estas lundo.) la venontan lundon |
next Monday (Today is Monday.) |
| de lundo post semajno la lundon post semajno la postan lundon |
next Monday (a week from Monday) |
| La pasintan lundon | last Monday |
| antau^hierau^ | the day before yesterday |
| postmorgau^ | the day after tomorrow |
| hierau^ nokte | last night |
| antau^hierau^ nokte | the night before last |
| morgau^ nokte | tomorrow night |
| c^i-semajne, c^i-monate, c^i-jare | this week, this month, this year |
| la venontan
(=proksiman) semajnon (monaton, jaron) venont-semajne, venont-monate, venont-jare |
next week, next month, next year |
| la pasintan
semajnon (monaton, jaron) pasint-semajne, pasint-monate, pasint-jare |
last week, last month, last year |
| labor-tago | weekday |
| libera tago | day off |
| semajn-fino | weekend |
| feri-tago | holiday |
| neniam | never |
| malofte | seldom |
| kelkfoje | sometimes |
| de tempo al tempo | from time to time |
| ofte | often, frequently |
| kutime | usually |
| c^iam | always |
| frue | early |
| g^ustatempe | on time |
| akurate | punctually |
| malfrue malakurate |
late |
| baldau^ | soon |
| tuj kiam... | as soon as... |
| pli malpli baldau^ (=frue) | sooner or later |
| antau^ antau^ tri jaroj |
ago three years ago |
| post post tri jaroj |
in (after,
at the end of) in three years |
| en Mi kuris kilometron en tri minutoj. |
in, within I ran a kilometer in three minutes. |
| antau^ ol Antau^ ol foriri, vi devas... Antau^ ol li foriris, s^i... |
before Before leaving, you must... Before he left, she... |
| antau^ la... | before the... |
| post kiam
Post kiam li foriris, s^i... |
after After he left, she... |
| jam
de Mi lernas Esperanton jam de januaro. Mi lernas Esperanton jam de ses monatoj. |
since, for I've been learning ('I'm learning') Esperanto since January. I've been learning ('I'm learning') Esperanto for six months. |
| ekde Mi lernas Esperanton ekde januaro. |
ever since
('starting from') I've been learning Esperanto since January. |
| de post Li estas surda de post la lau^ta koncerto. (not: ekde!) |
ever since
(after) He's deaf ever since the loud concert. |
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