Berkeley believed that worldly things are as we perceive them, but they are not �things�. He said that the only things that exist are things that we perceive. But we do not perceive things as concrete objects. To assume that everything has an underlying substance is jumping to conclusions. We have no experience to base this on. Berkeley believed in a �spirit�. He thought all our ideas have a cause beyond our consciousness, but this cause is not of a material nature, it is spiritual. He was thinking about God when he talked about the spirit. Berkeley said, �we can moreover claim that the existence of God is far more clearly perceived than the existence of man.�
