Penicillin- Probably the best known of the antibiotics, derived from the mould Penicillium notatum. It blocks the cross linking reaction in peptidoglycan synthesis and therefore destroys the bacterial cell wall making the bacterium very susceptible to damage.
Flagella-Long thin projection from a cell used in movement. In eukaryotes flagella (like cilia ) have a characteristic axial �9+2� microtubular array (axoneme ) and bends are generated along the length of the flagellum by restricted sliding of the nine outer doublets. In prokaryotes the flagellum is made of polymerized flagellin and is rotated by the basal motor
Endospore-A dormant body which certain Gram-positive bacteria can develop within them under conditions of stress (like lack of nutrients), which is highly resistant to harsh environmental conditions and which can develop into a new, live bacterium once conditions are good again.
Anaerobes- Microorganisms that either does not require oxygen or actually cannot live in the presence of oyxgen.
Microbiota (microflora)-Minute plants; especially : those invisible to the naked eye.
Prokaryotic-a cellular organism (as a bacterium or a blue-green alga) that does not have a distinct nucleus.
Eukaryotic-an organism composed of one or more cells containing visibly evident nuclei and organelles.
Chromatin-a complex of nucleic acid and basic proteins (as histone) in eukaryotic cells that is usually dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis.
Microtubules-any of the minute tubules in eukaryotic cytoplasm that are composed of the protein tubulin and form an important component of the cytoskeleton, mitotic spindle, cilia, and flagella. Kinetochores-a specialized structure on the centromere to which the microtubular spindle fibers attach during mitosis and meiosis. Myocytes-infections with or diseases caused by a fungus.