CHEAP CHAMPIONS!

What Makes a Championship System Credible?

 

Sierra Milton

 

Cheap champions!  That term has been used more than once to validate the archaic show system used by the Kennel Club (United Kingdom) in comparison to the systems used in the US and other countries.  There are a great many differences when looking at the show systems, most notably in the number of shows held within each country and the manner in which championships are awarded.  However, what is undeniable is that there is little different in the percentage of championships awarded in each country.  Yet, American champions continue to be disparaged by exhibitors in the United Kingdom.

 

The American use of the words ‘cheap champion’ is totally different from the British counterpart.   Americans refer to cheap champions as those who obtain their championships through nefarious means:   professional handlers willing to finish a dog they know is not worthy with judges who lack the fortitude to say… ‘bring me something better!’  When the British refer to ‘cheap champions’ they mean every dog in every country that has a championship that is not British.   Only the United Kingdom system of awarding championships is credible to them. 

 

There are some champions in every country that falls into the ‘couldn’t get a championship without the good ole boy system’ and every country should acknowledge and work toward eliminating the ways this type of ‘cheap champion’ occurs.  In the US, dogs that couldn’t finish on their own merit are put with professional handlers who take the dogs to judges who turn a blind eye and there are top breeders who can finish the majority of dogs they handle, based on their reputation and not the merit of the dog.  It is no different in the UK, where often a dog will finish based on which breeder-specialist judge is willing to trade a win for a future win on one of their dogs. 

 

We need to work to eliminate these types of truly cheap champions through tightening up the show system, educating judges and demanding that closer scrutiny and greater emphasis is placed on integrity and ethics.  With all its faults, the US system still produces fewer champions that do not deserve the title than other countries.   Consider some of the FCI country titles where competition is not even required, simply the certificates from judges stating the dog has been found worthy.  Politics in the US normally occur within the group and best in show levels, whilst in the UK, politics pervade every pore of the breed level. 

 

Even when faced with the miniscule percentage difference, British exhibitors will point that their dogs must compete against finished champions to obtain the necessary three ‘challenge certificates’ for a UK show champion, while the US dogs compete against unfinished dogs for the Winners’ class and then go on to compete against the finished champions for Best of Breed.  What is amazing though, is the very small number of champion dogs that continue to compete against the huge entries for unfinished dogs in the UK.  For example, at Crufts this year, there were twelve champions (seven dogs, two of which were foreign and not UK champions, and five bitches) in a total entry of 206 dogs for German Shorthaired Pointers, less than one-half of one percent.  Compare those numbers to some of the larger shows in the US where Best of Breed classes may have eight champions and 30 class dogs competing for spots in that Best of Breed class.  British exhibitors tend to point to the huge numbers of entries they have at their shows; perhaps somehow they are confusing quantity with quality!  It should be noted though that, as Dr. Morgan-Jones’ pointed out in his recent article, politics plays an astonishing part in KC shows.

 

[NOTE:  The actual percentage of championships awarded annually as compared to the number of dogs competing is revealed at the conclusion; don’t peek!]

 

Every system has it flaws, but in my view and having shown in many countries, the American Kennel Club system is one of the best.

 

Using data from the American Kennel Club (AKC) and the Kennel Club (KC) websites, it appears that there are over 700 events in the UK each year and over 15,000 competitive AKC-sanctioned events held.  These events are not all dog shows, but include field, obedience, agility, herding, lure coursing, tracking, earth work, etc.   When comparing all-breed shows between the two countries, there is a vast difference with some twenty-odd all-breed shows in the United Kingdom and some 1,500 in the United States.

 

Surprisingly, although the Kennel Club was established in 1873 and the American Kennel Club was established a mere eleven years later in 1884, the AKC now has a vast computerized system allowing for statistical analysis of such things as shows, entries, breed growth/decline, etc.  The equivalent statistics are very difficult to obtain from the KC, even after countless calls to various personnel.   

 

History of Championships in the AKC

 

Prior to around 1900, the AKC awarded championships very similarly to the KC.  Championships were based upon a specified number of wins in the Open class, regardless of the number of dogs in competition.  This is similar to the present KC system whereby a challenge certificate (when available) is awarded to the winning dog and bitch, regardless of the number of dogs in competition.  Conceivably in numerically smaller breeds, the number of dogs in competition may be less than what is required in the United States for major wins (of three to five points) necessary as part of the award system.  Granted, the total number of classes for many breeds here in England is high, but that is due to a number of factors which we will later unravel. 

 

The early point system for the AKC was not based upon breed of dog, but rather the total numbers of dogs in competition for each point level.  Somewhere around the 1920’s, it was decided to limit majors to 18% of the shows.  This means that the numbers required for ‘majors’ (those wins of three to five points) was raised so that only 18% of the shows would have the numbers in competition necessary to attain a major.  The system still only had a single schedule for all breeds and sexes for the entire country.

 

The next change occurred around the 1930’s when it was decided that the numbers of dogs varied in different areas of the country (see Table 7 for a comparison of geographical/population area sizes for each country).  Still only a single schedule for all breeds and sexes, the new point schedule divided the country into four areas and allowed for the variance in numbers of dogs shown for the points earned.  The number of dogs necessary to earn points at each level varied between the four areas.  In the 1950’s a change to having different point schedules for dogs and bitches was made, allowing for the fact that the numbers in both sexes often varied.

 

The most recent change to the AKC point system occurred in 1989.  The continental United States was divided into nine divisions, instead of the previous four areas, and the point systems adjusted accordingly.  The various divisions were set so that each of the divisions had a minimum of 100 all-breed shows within its area encompassed.

 

The AKC point schedule allots from one to five points to the Winners Dog and Winners Bitch dependent upon the number of dogs actually shown.  It gets a bit more complicated when taking into consideration Best of Winners (selected from Winners Dog and Winners Bitch) and Best of Breed where a class animal can, and sometimes do, win Best of Breed over the ‘specials’ (dogs which have already attained their championship).  Because many people don’t have a clear understanding of the AKC system, a comparison between the AKC and KC classes, manner of attaining points toward a championship, and competing against the champions of record should be made.

 

Competition Classes

 

The AKC shows offer seven classes, divided by sex:

 

Ø      Puppy 6-9 Months - dogs between six and nine months of age, that are not yet champions.

Ø      Puppy 9-12 Months – dogs between nine and twelve months of age, that are not yet champions

Ø      Twelve-To-Eighteen Months - dogs between twelve to eighteen months of age that are not yet champions.

Ø      Novice - dogs that have never won a blue ribbon in any of the other classes, or have won fewer than three first place ribbons in the Novice class.

Ø      Bred By Exhibitor - the dog is not yet a champion, and the exhibitor is the breeder and the owner.

Ø      American-Bred - a dog whose parents were mated in America, and the dog was born in America. The dog is not yet a champion.

Ø      Open - any dog of the breed, at least 6 months of age.

 

The first place winner of each of these classes will compete to see which is best of the winning dogs.  The sexes are judged separately.  The Winners Dog and Winners Bitch will then go on to compete against the Champions in the Best of Breed class.  Three awards are given at this stage of the competition (see Table 1):

 

Ø      Best of Breed – the dog judged to be best in the breed

Ø      Best of Winners – the dog judged as the better of the Winners Dog and Winners Bitch (This is important because the Best of Winners will also receive the larger number of points available for that day.  More on that later.)

Ø      Best of Opposite Sex – the best dog of the opposite sex to the Best of Breed winner

 

Speciality shows may offer additional classes divided by sex in addition to the above six classes.  For example, the German Shorthaired Specialities may also have classes for:

 

Ø      Puppy 6-9 Months – dogs between six and nine months of age, that are not yet champions (winner of this class will compete for Winners)

Ø      Puppy 9-12 Months – dogs between nine and twelve months of age, that are not yet champions (winner of this class will compete for Winners)

Ø      Junior – dogs between the ages of twelve and eighteen months of age, that are not yet champions (winner of this class will compete for Winners)

 

There may also be classes available wherein the winners will not compete for Winners Dog or Winners Bitch points, but will compete in the Best of Breed class, along with the Champions, Winners Dog and Winners Bitch.  These classes, using the German Shorthaired Pointer as an example, are:

 

Ø      Veterans – dogs considered by the breed club to be of veteran status; normally 7 years of age or older.  This class may also be divided by age, i.e. Veterans 7-10 years; Veterans 10 years and older.

Ø      Field Trial – dogs that have earned a placing at an AKC sanctioned Field Trial event

Ø      Hunting Class – dogs that have earned a hunting title (such as Junior Hunter, Senior Hunter, Master Hunter)

 

The KC, by comparison, has the following fifteen classes as compared to the AKC seven classes:

 

Ø      Minor Puppy – dogs of six and not exceeding nine calendar months of age on the first day of the show

Ø      Puppy – dogs of six and not exceeding twelve calendar months of age on the first day of the show

Ø      Junior – dogs of six and not exceeding eighteen calendar months of age on the first day of the show

Ø      Maiden – dogs which have not won a Challenge Certificate or a First Prize at an Open or Championship show (Minor Puppy, Special Minor Puppy, Puppy and Special Puppy classes excepted, whether restricted or not)

Ø      Novice – dogs which have not won a Challenge Certificate or three or more First Prizes at an Open or Championship show (Minor Puppy, Special Minor Puppy, Puppy and Special Puppy classes excepted, whether restricted or not)

Ø      Tyro – For dogs which have not won a Challenge Certificate or five or more First Prizes at an Open or Championship Show (Minor Puppy, Special Minor Puppy, Puppy and Special Puppy Classes excepted, whether restricted or not).

Ø      Debutant – dogs which have not won a Challenge Certificate or a First Prizes at a Championship show (Minor Puppy, Special Minor Puppy, Puppy and Special Puppy classes excepted, whether restricted or not)

Ø      Undergraduate – dogs which have not won a Challenge Certificate or three or more First Prizes at Championship Shows (Minor Puppy, Special Minor Puppy, Puppy and Special Puppy classes excepted, whether restricted or not)

Ø      Graduate – dogs which have not won a Challenge Certificate or four or more First Prizes at Championship shows in Graduate, Post Graduate, Minor Limit, Mid Limit, Limit and Open classes, whether restricted or not 

Ø      Post Graduate – dogs which have not won a Challenge Certificate or five or more First Prizes at Championship shows in Post Graduate, Minor Limit, Mid Limit, Limit and Open classes, whether restricted or not

Ø      Minor Limit – For dogs which have not won two Challenge Certificates or three or more First Prizes in all at Championship Shows in Minor Limit, Mid Limit, Limit and Open classes, confined to the breed, whether restricted or not at Shows where Challenge Certificates were offered for the breed

Ø      Mid Limit – dogs which have not won three Challenge Certificates or five or more First Prizes at Championship Shows in Mid Limit, Limit and Open Classes, confined to the breed, whether restricted or not, at shows where Challenge Certificates were offered for the breed

Ø      Limit – for dogs which have not won three Challenge Certificates under three different judges or seven or more First Prizes in all, at Championship Shows in Limit and Open classes, confined to the breed, whether restricted or not, at shows where Championship Certificates were offered for the breed.

Ø      Open – for all dogs of the breeds for which the class is provided and eligible for entry at the show  [NOTE:  Any champion of record in any country must enter the Open class.]

Ø      Champion – dogs which have been confirmed a Champion, Show Champion, or Field Trial Champion

Ø      Veteran – dogs of not less than seven years of age on the first day of the show

 

NOTE:  Any champion of record in any country must enter the Open class.  Further, dogs that have received any championship points in any country should enter the Open class to prevent possible rescinding of any wins by the KC based on championship points earned in other countries.

 

There are also special classes for the KC:

 

Ø      Special Open – similar to an Open class, except that it is restricted as to weight, colour, height, coat, etc., or to the members of an Association

Ø      Special Beginners – dogs and bitches shown by an exhibitor whose dogs have never won a Challenge Certificate in the breed (Note:  it is the Exhibitor who has to qualify, not the dog)

Ø      Special Yearling – dogs of six and not exceeding twenty-four months of age on the first day of the show

Ø      Special Novice – similar to a Novice class, except that it is restricted as to weight, colour, height, coat, etc., or to the members of an association

 

The AKC and the KC both have categories for Stakes classes which are non-regular classes and offered as additional enticement to exhibitors and also as a means of generating additional revenue for the clubs.   The AKC specialty breed clubs also often offer a ‘Futurity’ class which may be divided by age.  The entries in these classes must have been nominated by the breeder (who pays a ‘forfeit’ or fee to make the litter eligible) and the eligibility kept current by the owner of the dog paying the required fees prior to the futurity.  Each National Breed club will, of course, have different rules, though most require the prior payment of fees on a scheduled payment in order to keep dogs eligible and that the breeder (and co-breeder if any) and owner both be members of the National Speciality Club.  These Futurity classes are divided by age and sex and held during the annual National Speciality.  It is a way of recognizing both the members’ dedication to improving their lines and the future breeding stock of the breed. 

 

While the AKC allows for Stakes class categories, these are seldom seen at all-breed championship shows and never in the proliferation of various Stakes classes predominant at all championship and open shows in the UK.  Stakes classes, if offered in connection with speciality or club-supported shows, are normally restricted to puppy and/or veteran Stakes.

 

Another notable difference is that the AKC does not offer ‘any variety’ class competition categories.  Each breed is judged separately and the only time that a dog will compete against other breeds is in the Group competitions or in non-AKC events sponsored by a dog product company.   Because the AKC shows, unless a specific ‘group’ show such as the Montgomery terrier show, have classes for each and every AKC-recognized breed, there are also no ‘any variety not specified’ classes under the AKC system.

 

By looking at the above ‘normal’ available classes, it is apparent that the KC system should, theoretically, attempt to encourage newcomers to the sport.  Unfortunately, the clubs are not compelled to offer the fifteen ‘regular’ classes that the KC allows and, instead, pick and choose the classes by whatever system each club utilizes.  For example, taking German Shorthaired Pointers (with an average entry at 100+) and a brief look at some of the championship club shows, we find that an average of 7 classes are offered per show, with Maiden, Debutant, Undergraduate, Mid-Limit and Champion never offered.  (Table 2)

 

Some breeds and/or sexes do not fare even that well, having fewer classes still; some breeds fare better, having more classes.  Conversely at the AKC shows, all breeds have the same classes available at each and every show.   If there is only one dog in a class, there is, of course, a win for that dog.  However, both the KC and AKC judges have the ability to withhold placements on entries that they do not feel worthy.  Additionally, the single entry class winner still has to compete against the other class winners for Winners’ Dog or Bitch.

 

Not only is the difference in classes noticeable between the two countries.  While the various classes can serve to differentiate between those dogs which have won previously, it also serves to give an unfair advantage to Open and Limit dogs when those important Challenge Certificates are awarded.  The judges are very ‘safe’ in awarding the tickets to dogs winning one of the classes normally only entered by dogs who have previously been awarded Certificates.  Research into the number of times that a dog from a lower class is awarded the Challenge Certificate could prove very interesting.  In the AKC system, there is no such differentiation in the classes until it gets to the ‘Best of Breed’ class.  The dogs and bitches competing for the points in the Winners classes are all on equal ‘win’ footing in the eyes of the judges.

 

Difference in Number of Placings and Groups

 

While the UK shows traditionally have five placings (first, second, third, reserve and VHC), most AKC shows have four placings in each class.  The exception occurs in speciality shows (for a specific breed or group of dogs) where there may be more placings offered.  The other notable exceptions are that seldom is best puppy in breed available and therefore there are no puppy groups or puppy best in show, except on very rare occasions.  There is also no reserve Best in Show awarded.  If for some reason the Best in Show winner were to be disqualified and the win disallowed, no reserve Best in Show would fill the void. 

 

The breeds are broken into somewhat different groupings also.  The American Kennel Club recognizes Sporting, Terrier, Hound, Working, Herding, Non-Sporting and Toys, while the Kennel Club recognizes Gundog, Terrier, Hound, Working, Pastoral, Utility and Toys.  Some of the breeds are placed into different groups in accordance with each organization’s separations.  For example, both the Akita and Schnauzer (Standard) are shown in the Working Group in the AKC shows, while they are both members of the Utility Group in the KC.  Each organization also recognizes some breeds that the other does not recognize. 

 

The American Kennel Club has a miscellaneous group for breeds that have applied for recognition but have not yet fulfilled all the requirements.  Breeds in this category are all shown together in the various class offerings and winners may not proceed to the group level.

 

Critiques

 

Written critiques are not the norm for the AKC shows; exceptions to this may be the ‘speciality’ breed shows where the judge(s) may be asked to critique the winners and give an overall evaluation of what they observed.  While it could be debated that critiques give an exhibitor an idea of what the judge likes or doesn’t like in the dog, most critiques in the UK tend to be a ‘cookie cutter,’ in that the observations are so generalized they can be applied to any number of dogs For example – and this is taken from a recent issue of ‘Our Dogs’: “1.……Spectacular black and white, loved him from head to toe, in superb form, I understand he has 2 CC’s, must surely be made up; 2…..Gold so close up and another I’d happily sign a CC for, totally fills my eye both standing and moving, clever breeder this, she’s produced so many good ones, be amazed if he doesn’t take his title.”  This doesn’t tell anybody anything about the dogs themselves or even what type the judge is looking for.   

 

Even more disturbing are those critiques given on dogs that have been placed yet the judge could find nothing positive to say about the dog.  Where are the comments about angulation, movement, balance, length of leg, eye shape?  The question then arises as to why that particular dog was placed at all and why the placing was not withheld.  It is not uncommon to see the same dog described in contradicting terms or to see two totally different types of dogs critiqued and placed with no similarities explaining the places.   Do critiques actually have a value when all dogs are not critiqued and/or graded which then enables us to get a better insight? 

 

Obtaining a Championship

 

Another major difference between the US and UK is the manner in which championships are obtained.  For the UK this means three wins regardless of the number of dogs competing, while in the US a minimum of fifteen points must be earned under no less than three different judges for each of the major (three to five points) wins. 

 

The United States is divided into fourteen regions and the number of dogs required for each level of points varies according to which region the show is being held.  Table 3 shows the number of dogs required in competition for each sex of some various breeds to obtain the various numbers of points necessary.   For example, in Region 8 (which has the State of Oregon, an area roughly equivalent to the size of England), there must be twelve dogs eligible for competition and in the ring to obtain the necessary three-point ‘win’ or major in German Shorthaired Pointers.  There must be ten bitches to obtain the same number of points in bitches.  In Region 1 (primarily the north-eastern US states), there must be ten dogs and fifteen bitches, a decrease of two dogs and an increase of five bitches.  The point system changes annually in May and is based on the number of dogs/bitches in that area the previous year.  It is therefore a fluctuating system which clearly reflects the number of dogs in the area.  Table 3a shows a complete breakdown by breeds of the number of dogs necessary for each point level in Division 5 (comprised of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio).  

When counting the number of eligible dogs, any dog that is disqualified, dismissed, excused or ordered from the ring by the judge, or from which awards are withheld, is not included in the number calculating the points available.  At any given show, the maximum number of points that can be awarded to a dog is five points.  This means that even if there were twelve bitches entered in Region 8, the points would be determined on the number of dogs actually competing (absences do not count) and not excused.  So, if there were two absentees and one of the remaining ten bitches competing was excused by the judge for lameness, the ‘major’ would be ‘broken’ and the winner’s bitch would only receive two points.  However, and this is very important, if in the course of breed judging, there was enough eligible competing dogs to obtain a major (twelve dogs for three points) and the bitch was awarded Best of Winners (meaning that she was the best of the Winners Dog and Winners Bitch), then she would be awarded the major in dogs and both the dog and the bitch would have earned one of the required three ‘majors’.  This becomes crucial when the inevitable pettiness of ‘breaking majors’ -- seeing who is competing and then not exhibiting a dog which subsequently means that there is not enough dogs (or bitches) for a major -- occurs between competitors.  This is one of the ways that helps to equalize the tendency of some exhibitors to attempt to prevent dogs from obtaining their championships.

The dog awarded Winners Dog has the number of points calculated on the number of eligible competing dogs, as does Winners Bitch.  Table 1 shows how the winners of each class compete for Winner’s and then both Winners compete for Best of Winners and against the champions of record for Best of Breed.  It is important to note that the ‘class’ dogs can potentially have the number of points obtained increased by winning either Best of Opposite Sex or Best of Breed.  If Winners Bitch or Winners Dog also is awarded Best of Breed over the ‘specials’ (Champions of record in the Best of Breed class), the dogs of both sexes that were entered and eligibly competing (not excused, dismissed, disqualified or ordered from the ring by the judge) are counted in addition to the dogs competing in the regular classes.  That means, using the examples above, if there were four dog champions and two bitch champions competing in the Best of Breed class and the Winners Bitch wins Best of Breed, a total of six would be added to the number of bitches competing in regular classes (nine) to make a total of fifteen ‘bitches’, equivalent to a four-point ‘major’ win.  If the Winners Dog had won Best of Winners and Best of Breed, the six dogs would be added to the twelve dogs competing, making a total of eighteen dogs, equalling a five-point win!

If Winners Bitch or Winners Dog is awarded Best of Opposite Sex, the dogs of its own sex that were entered and eligibly competing in the Best of Breed competition, and were defeated, are counted in addition to the dogs entered and eligibly competing in the regular classes.  Using the example above, with four dog champions and two bitch champions, Winners Bitch, if awarded Best of Opposite Sex, would add the two bitches to the nine competing bitches, making a total of eleven and earning three points.  In the case of Winners Dog being awarded Best of Opposite Sex, the four champion dogs would be added to the twelve dogs competing eligibly in the regular classes, totalling sixteen dogs and enabling the Winners Dog to earn a four-point major. 

A class dog that is awarded Best of Breed and then goes on to win its Group is awarded championship points calculated on the highest point rating of any breed entered at the group level.   So we see that if the German Shorthaired Pointer bitch who won Best of Breed and had four points going into the group also won the group and the Labrador Retriever breed had a five-point major that day, the German Shorthaired Pointer bitch would earn five points.  These five points are not added to the points she already as earned since the maximum number of points available at any single show is five points.  Likewise, a class dog that is awarded Best in Show obtains championship points calculated at the highest point rating of any breed entered at the show.  It is, therefore, possible for a class dog to have competed singly in his breed and earning no points to go on to win the group and Best in Show and obtain a five-point major if any breed in the show had a five-point major that day.

One sees this ‘breaking of majors’ frequently in Ireland where it is necessary to obtain either four different wins of five points or more in the breed under four different judges as part of a total of forty points or two wins of five points or more together with one win of ten points in the breed under three different judges or three wins of five points or more in the breed together with one group win under four different judges; in all cases it is necessary to obtain a total of forty points.  There are dogs in Ireland that have been the top show dog of the year, winning multiple Best in Shows and still not obtaining their championship because of needing the necessary ‘major’ breed wins. 

Looking at Table 6 (under the heading ‘Superintendents’) and comparing it to the point schedule for Division 5 (Table 3a) which shows the points available for that particular show, a quick comparison shows that there were only three ‘majors’ (wins of three, four or five points) available to the 112 different breeds being shown that day:  three points were available for Airedale dogs, four points for Spinoni Italiano bitches, and three points for Jack Russell Terrier bitches; and, in most cases, all of the dogs entered for those sexes would have to appear and eligibly competing (not excused, dismissed, disqualified or ordered from the ring by the judge) or the majors would be ‘broken.’ 

In the US it would theoretically be possible for a dog to never compete against his own breed (by being the only dog in its breed competition) and still get a championship from Group or Best In Show wins.  Dogs can be awarded majors by winning the Group or Best In Show and defeating dogs in other breeds for which ‘majors’ were available.  At no time though may more than five points be obtained at any single show, making it necessary for these dogs to earn their championships through multiple Group or BIS wins. 

When considering the lower numbers of dogs at each show, exhibitors from the UK should remember that there are over 1500 championship shows held in the United States each year and that exhibitors often may choose from different shows to enter within driving distance of their homes.  This is one of the ways that show-giving clubs are forced to consider the exhibitors when selecting a judging panel.  Often in the UK, people will enter a show simply because there are no other championship shows available that week (or month), thereby increasing the number of entries per breed in the UK when a show is held.  In the US, exhibitors often show their displeasure with a judge’s perceived biases by ‘voting with their feet’ and driving a bit further to a show where the judge is thought to be more fair or knowledgeable.

This is much different than the UK where three championship or challenge certificates must be earned regardless of the number of dogs competing.  Whilst there are some who may say it is more difficult for a dog to obtain a championship in the UK, it should be shouted from the highest building once again that there is little difference in the actual percentage of championships awarded to dogs each year between the UK and the US.  The American (and Irish and Canadian) point systems actually provide some equality between the sexes and between the various breeds shown.  It is no easier to obtain a championship in a numerically smaller breed in these countries than it is in the numerically large breeds.  In the UK, however, it doesn’t matter if there are four dogs/bitches competing or four hundred; all that is necessary is the required three challenge certificates.  One would assume, however, that challenge certificates would be withdrawn for subsequent shows where the numbers were greatly decreased. 

 

How Does the AKC Determine the Point System?

Each year in May the AKC publishes a point system schedule which is based upon a set of percentages.  These are calculated on the previous three years actual dogs in competition and are made in order that a certain percentage of shows where there was an actual competition for a particular sex of a breed or variety will carry appropriate championship points.  The percentages are calculated using the criteria shown in Table 4.

In comparison to the yearly evaluation by the AKC of available points, each year the KC decides on the allocation of Challenge Certificates for two years into the future.  It is unusual for the KC to ever decrease the number of tickets; although it should be noted that in 1995 several breeds lost up to five sets (each set comprised of a Challenge Certificate for dogs and one for bitches).  The number of tickets available does not appear to relate to the number of dogs in each breed being exhibited or the number of dogs registered.

While the maximum number of Challenge Certificates on offer can be 25 for the general championship shows and up to four for club shows, the minimum offered when a breed has been granted Challenge Certificate status is five sets of ‘tickets’.

Ireland also evaluates its point system annually based on the number of dogs competing two years previously.  For example, the 2002 point system is based upon the number of dogs competing in 2000. 

Championship Classes

In the US and Canada, champions are normally shown in their own class – Best of Breed, along with the Winner’s Dog and Winner’s Bitch.  Champions may be entered in other classes, however, it is normally seen as unsportsmanlike for a champion to take necessary championship points away from a ‘class’ dog (one which has not yet attained a championship).  While the argument has been advanced in the UK that this means that the “championship means more because the dog has to win over established champions”, it can be conversely debated that established champions have an unfair advantage over the lesser known dogs, even of greater quality, since the established champions often have long-standing records of winning challenge certificates, best of breed wins, group wins or even best in show wins.  It is difficult for a dog, regardless of exceptional quality, to win over these established dogs that have been seen in the group winning ring and best of show ring.  Many times it is an exceptional or even very good dog’s misfortunate to have his show career coincide with that of a very ‘hot’ or winning dog. 

The purists in the sport will adamantly argue that if the dog is good enough it will beat the show champions of record.  The realists among us have seen that most often this does not occur.  Theory is wonderful, but we have to live with reality.

The AKC system acknowledges that the established champions are often at a different level than upcoming dogs, while at the same time acknowledging that these champions may still be campaigned to win prestigious Best of Breeds, Groups and Best in Shows.  The AKC system also acknowledges that the publicity these established champions who win multiple Best of Breeds, Groups and Best in Shows plays an active part in any judge’s mind when choosing between two good dogs.  How many times has the comment been heard from judges about how the dog they gave breed (or group or best in show) to had ‘also won’ the week before or the week after?  Human nature being what it is means that judges like to feel that their decisions are justified or supported by others who have also chosen that dog. 

Robert Killick, a UK columnist, stated the case very succinctly in a recent piece concerning ‘instant champions’ and the senselessness of a dog winning numerous tickets in a row under different judges and in the same breed another dog winning the same number of reserve tickets to the winning dog being statistically illogical and infeasible.  The reasons he gave for the phenomenon were: “…favouritism, fear, ignorance, fashion, face and ingratiation judging, not forgetting mutual back-scratching.”   This phenomenon and the manner that the AKC has worked diligently to prohibit some of the politics in judging will be discussed later under ‘Judging Criteria’.  The fact is openly discussed in the UK by noted authorities that in every breed there are dogs which come in reserve repeatedly to dogs owned by other judges, owned by ‘faces’ in the breed, dogs which have been doing a lot of winning, etc.  This reserve dog is no undeserving specimen of the breed and, perhaps in a different show career timeframe would have been that top dog.  With the champion classes, it becomes possible to recognize that this dog (and others) are quality animals and should be proud representatives of their breed.

 

Taking a very cynical look at the continued showing of dogs already attaining their championships in the UK, one would have to ask the reasons behind it.  The dog has been proven to be of good quality.

 

  • Does five championship certificates prove that it is of better quality?
  • Does fifteen mean that the dog is superior? 
  • Does fifty mean that the dog is exceptional, or does it mean that other, equally good, dogs are prevented from obtaining recognition? 

 

Perhaps the real answer is that the owner is craving adulation and that the dog shows have become a place of obtaining power and recognition rather than the original, though perhaps understated, purpose of proving that stock is of high enough quality to breed. 

 

The champions’ class helps even out the playing field while still allowing those champions to be exhibited and compete for the successes in Groups and Best in Show.  How different might showing be if dogs were required to retire after obtaining championships!

 

 

Judging Criteria

 

The manner in which judges are eligible to render their opinions is different in the UK and US.  In the UK, the judges are required to work their way up through various lists (C, B, and A) and fulfil certain requirements prior to moving to the next level.   A potential judge must judge a certain number of dogs at the open show level while being restrained as to the number of classes they can judge prior to moving to the next level, and so on.  It also, unfortunately, puts the onus on who the judge knows that can advance their judging assignments and subsequent movement up the lists.  A good many knowledgeable people who are qualified for judging will never be able to give challenge certificates based on this type of who-you-know system. 

 

The AKC system of licensing judges is much different.  Judges are expected to fulfil the following mandatory requirements in applying for their initial breed:

  • Have 12 years documented experience in the sport (documentation may include date of litters, exhibiting and club membership).
  • Have bred and raised 5 or more litters in each breed.
  • Have bred 4 or more champions in each breed (whether or not owned or handled by the applicant).
  • Acted as assigned steward at least 6 times at AKC member or licensed shows.
  • Completed 6 judging assignments at AKC sanctioned matches, specialty matches, sweepstakes and/or futurities (sweepstakes, futurities and specialty matches count as two sanctioned matches (Fun Matches, Junior Showmanship or Obedience assignments are not acceptable).
  • Viewed the AKC video of each breed requested.
  • Met AKC’s occupational eligibility requirements as indicated in Chapter 7, Section 1.
  • Successfully completed Anatomy and Procedural open-book exams.
  • New breed judges who wish to judge Junior Showmanship must pass an open-book exam and meet the requirements stated on the Criteria Form.

 

Note:  Litters  and  co-owned  litters  must  have  been  whelped  and  raised  on  applicant’s  premises.  The required four champions must be from litters whelped and raised on applicant’s premises.

 

If the applicant for judging does not meet the litter/or champion requirements, the AKC may ensure that quality of experience, rather than quantity, is employed for considering new judges.  This is called the ‘60 Point System’ and applicants must have fifteen years of documented experience in the sport and must achieve a total of 60 points per breed, of which fifteen points must be accrued in Sections 1 and 2 of the application, by using the factors in Table 5.

 

Following a process of initial screening and interview, the application is sent to the Staff Committee and Board of Directors for review.  After being notified in writing of the Board’s decision, the applicants are sent the breed standard tests for the breed(s) accepted by the Board as suitable for the applicant.  Applicants’ names are then published in the next monthly AKC GAZETTE in order that interested parties may submit their opinion on whether an applicant is qualified. 

 

Provisional status to judge is granted thirty days after the applicant’s approval by the board and subsequent publication in the GAZETTE provided that the applicant has received a passing grade on all breed standard tests.  If the applicant does not receive a passing grade on any breed test, the application is shelved for three months and an AKC Field Representative must review the missed questions with the applicant prior to continuing the application process.  Judges may not accept any assignments until they have received official notification of their provisional status at which time the provisional status is noted in the GAZETTE with the judge’s name and number of breeds granted provisionally. 

 

This still does not complete the licensing provision for judges since they must still complete five provisional assignments in each breed (and are listed in the schedules or premium lists as ‘provisional judges’  during this process) and must have been observed during at least three of those provisional assignments by three different Field Representatives.  After completing this portion of the requirements, the judge must then request in writing to obtain regular status.  Requests for regular status are evaluated by the Staff Committee and the judges are notified of the decision at which time their names along with their breed(s) are published in the GAZETTE and added to the AKC judging lists.  If an applicant is disapproved, there is a waiting period of ONE YEAR which must be fulfilled prior to the resubmission of application.

 

It is evident that there is no granting of favours in obtaining a judging license in the US through becoming indebted to a person or club for giving the necessary assignments to work one’s way up through the lists as there is in the UK.  While potential judges are expected to have substantial experience, the AKC method of evaluating qualifications allows for a younger group of judges.   I was unable to obtain statistics from the KC regarding the average age of judges; however, from a survey of one breed’s judges, it appears that the average age in that breed at least in the octogenarian age range.  Regardless of experience or education, there are numerous qualified persons who are finding it extremely difficult to make their way up through the network to obtain the necessary numbers of dogs judged in order to give challenge certificates.  It is a political hot potato when those wishing to judge must first play the politics of being placed on lists which are potentially maintained through a ‘favoured child’ philosophy.  In other words, if a potential applicant is one of the favoured and politically astute people, the rise on the lists may be much quicker than perhaps another more qualified, yet not as popular, person.  Perhaps it is time for the good-ole-boy network to be replaced with a more equal and fair method of judging qualifications.

 

It is not surprising that recent articles have evolved around the KC’s concern of exhibitors believing that judging is corrupt.   There are potential championship show level judges who will most likely never advance to the all-important ‘A’ lists capable of giving those championship certificates.  I know of one gentleman in the UK who has judged over 1500 dogs, including foreign assignments, has attended numerous seminars as well as undertaking judging, anatomy, movement, breed standard courses.  Yet in all probability, he will never be able to step into a championship ring and have his abilities recognized.  The KC has ensured that the political forces are in full control of the show ring by requiring that only individuals who have been invited to judge at speciality club shows - in the case of the German Shorthaired Pointer there are two such organizations, other breeds have more and some have just one - or at a championship show where there are no CC’s (challenge certificates) on offer for the breed.  In the case of the German Shorthaired Pointer this means only one championship show would fulfil that requirement because there are challenge certificates available at all other championship shows.  It is highly believable that if one person with those qualifications is being kept at bay by the political manoeuvrings, there must be many, many more.   Further, an aspiring judge may be kept from ever becoming a judge based on bias and even, in some cases, whether the aspirant will play the ‘I give you, so you give me’ game.  

 

One of the hottest debates around dog show rings is that concerning the merits of the speciality or breeder judge against those of the all-breeds or all-rounder judge; the speciality judge is one who judges that breed which he breeds and exhibits; the all-rounder being one who has experience in and judges many different breeds. 

 

Maxwell Riddle had this to say about breeder judges:  “Many breeder judges are unbalanced in their judging because they are overly swayed either by the presence of a single quality for which they have been striving or a fault which they have been trying to eliminate.  It is not uncommon to hear speciality judges criticized for doing an uneven job.  The criticism may be something like this:  ‘He judges solely on heads.’ Or:  ‘She simply won’t put up a tri-color.’  The speciality judge will also be more subject to pressures from friends and enemies than would be the all-breeds judge.” 

 

He went on to discuss the all-rounder by stating:  “His (the all-breeds judge’s) very lack of association with the breed is to his advantage.  And there will be other points in his favour.  The all-breeds judge has had greater ring experience.  He will make fewer mistakes in the conduct of his ring than will the specialist…..will have a greater general knowledge, based on all breeds, of the goals in breeding.  He will have both greater knowledge and greater experience in determining true balance and harmony.  He will have fewer breed prejudices than the specialist.  He will be less likely to be impressed by current, and often temporary, fads within a breed.  And he is less likely to be impressed by the record of a given dog, even if he recognizes the dog.” 

 

Why then does the KC have so few all-rounder judges and seem determined to promote speciality breeder judges? This is a question oft asked and which continues to confound and dismay the majority of exhibitors.  In my view, the proliferation of speciality-breeder judges in the UK or any other country serves to undermine the future of the breed by concentrating on specifics rather than the overall dog.

 

The breeds and sport cannot continue to improve without experienced breeders and competitors.  It certainly cannot do so with only a handful of powerful breeders determining the type through such things as Robert Killick stated.  Favouritism, ignorance, kennel-blindness, mutual favour-returns, colour or size prejudice, ignorance, and the host of other things we see in a proliferation of 'breeder-judges' can only continue to harm the very dogs we love.  It is no wonder that the majority of the UK show exhibitors cite judging corruption in one form or another as a reason for ceasing to show and for looking at shows as more of a social outing than a true competition.  Until qualifications, education, and experience mean more than granting favours, face judging and fashion to the powerful politicians maintaining the ‘A’ lists, this type of corruption will be much more prevalent in the UK than in the US.

 

Conflicts of Interest in Judging

 

Regulations on what a judge may and may not engage in professionally and in who the judge may judge is very stringent in the US.  Judges must excuse dogs from the ring if any of the following criteria applies:

  • a dog which the judge or a member of his/her immediate family has owned, co-owned, sold, boarded, etc., within one year prior to the show date.
  • a person who has handled for the judge within four months prior to the show date.
  • a person with whom the judge has a business relationship.

In addition there are areas in which the judge is cautioned to be very careful so that even the slightest hint of impropriety cannot be construed.  It is recommended that judges not attend shows immediately before events that they are to judge and, if they do, they should not watch the breeds that they are later scheduled to judge.  For example, it would be considered an impropriety if Judge Smith attended a championship show the weekend before he was scheduled to judge Dobermann Pinschers and watched the Dobermann Pinscher judging.  It would appear that the judge was either pre-judging or confirming what was popular to win. 

The AKC does, however, understand that judges start as breeders and exhibitors.  They are encouraged to continue these activities after becoming judges.  It is also well acknowledged that judges who exhibit are frequently a major source of complaints and that this becomes even more evident if the judge handles his/her own dogs.  It is recommended, therefore, that judges should never transfer or lease a dog to someone for the sole purpose of permitting the dog to be exhibited at shows or companion shows where the judge is officiating; i.e., if the judge is judging Old English Sheepdogs and has a Pembroke Corgi, the judge should not transfer the Corgi into Mr. Doe’s ownership so that the Corgi could be exhibited at the same show where the judge was officiating.   Judges are warned by the AKC to be prudent in how and when they exhibit and should understand that they are under special scrutiny.  Judges are expected to err on the side of being overly cautious in their manner.  The AKC evaluates each and every complaint about judging impropriety on an individual basis and takes corrective action when necessary.

Under Chapter 11, Section 13 of the AKC Rules Applying to Dog Shows, conformation judges (including junior showmanship) and household members may not exhibit any breed and judge on the same weekend or at companion shows within three days of each judging assignment (i.e., three days before and three days after an assignment).  Dogs owned by the judge and/or household members may be exhibited at shows at least 200 miles from the show at which the judge is officiating without being restricted by the three-day ruling.   Sweepstakes and Futurity judges are accepted from this ruling and may exhibit at companion shows; however they may not exhibit at the same event at which they are judging.

Chapter 11, Section 13 is very specific:

Section 13. No judge or any person residing in the same household with a judge shall exhibit or act as agent or handler at a show at which he is officiating as judge and dogs owned wholly or in part by such judge or any member of his household shall be ineligible to be entered at such show. Subject to the foregoing, members of a judge’s immediate family as defined in this Section who no longer reside in the same household may enter or handle a dog at a show if the judge is not officiating over any competition, including a group class or Best in Show, for which the dog is entered or may become eligible.

No entry shall be made at any show under a judge of any dog which said judge or any member of his immediate household or immediate family has been known to have owned, handled in the ring more than twice, sold, held under lease or boarded within one year prior to the date of the show.

For the purposes of this Section, the members of an immediate family are: husband, wife, father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister -in-law.

The above will apply to judges of sweepstakes or futurities held with licensed or member shows exactly as it does to judges of regular competition at shows.


Judges may only handle those dogs owned or co-owned by themselves or a member of the immediate family.  It is not considered proper for any judge to co-own a dog specifically for the purpose of being able to handle the dog.  This policy also applies to all members of the judge’s household (defined as husband, wife, father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, and sister-in-law).  Handlers employed by the judge or any member of the judges household may not exhibit under the judge nor under any member of the judge’s immediate family while in the judge’s employ or for a period of at least four months after cessation of employment.  While the policy pertains only to breed competition, judges are advised that it is best to recommend this situation at all levels of competition.

 

Club dinners are another area in which judges are cautioned to use commonsense.  It is very proper to attend affairs given by the club holding the show; however, the judge is warned to take particular care concerning any attendee who may later be appearing in the ring as an exhibitor.  One of the examples given is about a judge who is seated next to someone who mentions showing the breed for which the judge is assigned.  It is recommended that the judge tell everyone that he/she will be judging the breed and that the judge feels it is inappropriate to discuss anything concerning the assignment.

 

Judges are ineligible to remain a judge if they or a member of their household chooses to enter an ineligible occupation.  Chapter 7, Section 1 defines this as:

  
Section 1. Any reputable person who is in good standing with The American Kennel Club may apply for approval to judge any AKC recognized breed or breeds of purebred dogs, which in his or her opinion he or she is qualified by training and experience to pass upon, with the following exceptions:

Persons connected with any publication in the capacity of solicitor for kennel advertisements, persons connected with dog food, dog remedy or kennel supply companies in the capacity of solicitor or salesman, persons who buy, sell and in any way trade in or traffic in dogs as a means of livelihood in whole or in part, professional show superintendents and their employees, and persons who show dogs for others will not be approved if still engaged in such activities.

No Judge shall be granted a license to be a licensed superintendent.

No person shall be eligible for approval to judge if he or she resides in the same household with a professional handler or licensed superintendent.

No Judge may accept an assignment nor officiate at any event where a member of his or her household is involved to the extent that there might exist an actual conflict of interest or the reasonable appearance of a conflict of interest.

 

It is evident that there are a great many more restrictions placed upon the AKC judges than upon the KC judges.  While this may seem at first glance to stifle the judges, and to limit the pool of persons able to judge, it does tend to curtail the allegations of corruption and unseemly conduct.  Those who owe their livelihood to customers may be perceived as having an obligation to those people who give them trade.  The AKC has chosen to eliminate this possibility.

 

Multiple Day Shows versus Cluster Shows

Perhaps the fourth greatest difference between UK shows and US shows (as well as those in Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) is that in the UK the championship shows are broken down by group(s) over several days, most commonly three to four days.  In the other countries, all breeds are shown at an all-breed show on a single day.  While I can hear the cry now that there would not be room for all the UK exhibits on a single day at any show location - I’ll go into how it might occur later.   There are great advantages to both the dog and the exhibitor in holding the show on one day versus spreading it out.  First and foremost is that in the US and other countries, what is known as back-to-back or ‘cluster’ (more than two) shows allows an exhibitor to travel to one general location and attend two or more shows over two or more days. 

 

The benefits are numerous: 

 

  • Exhibitors and dogs are not as tired because they do not have to travel great distances between each show.
  • Exhibitors tend to stay later at the shows and watch the groups, socialize amongst the various exhibitors, and relax since they don’t have to drive two or more hours to another show or home.
  • The local communities benefit from monies spent on hotels, food, entertainment.
  • Show giving clubs can share the expenses.
  • The cost of judges can be shared if the clubs agree to a panel that can be alternated throughout various breeds which in turn enables the clubs to afford the travel costs on foreign judges or those whose travel expenses are higher.
  • Fuel and transportation costs are lowered (a valuable asset for ecologically-minded people). 

 

The annual ‘Munster Circuit’ in Ireland could easily adapt this strategy if the show-giving clubs would agree to hold the four shows in alternating locations each year; that is, one year all four shows would be held in Clonmel, the next year the shows would rotate to Killarney, the following year to Tralee, and finally the last year to Limerick before starting the rotation circuit over again.  It means that there would only need to be one set-up/take-down for the entire set of shows.  Vendors would not have to set up vast displays only to take them down and rebuild them the next day elsewhere.  Judges could be shared amongst the clubs and the expenses shared (of particular benefit to the Irish clubs who tend to bring in quality foreign judges instead of relying upon familiar faces continually).  Exhibitors would not be forced to travel the several hours between each show location and instead could spend the time between shows relaxing, getting acquainted with other exhibitors and allowing their dogs important exercise and care.  Local businesses would certainly benefit from the added numbers of people gathering to talk over drinks or dinner.  The downside is that three of the four show committees would have to travel some distance each year to the central location.   A pipe dream?  Perhaps, but then before the cluster shows became popular in the 1970s in the US and Canada during the fuel shortage, no one would have thought they would become so workable or acceptable.

 

Show Sites

 

AKC shows are seldom benched shows and, therefore, grooming tents take the place of the benching areas.  There are seldom more than two grooming tents erected at outdoor shows and these are open sided.  Crating is not permitted at ringside for most shows.  Crates can be set up on the outer perimeters. 

 

Outdoor shows are normally designed with the rings set to either side of a long open-sided canopy which gives spectators some shade and protection from incumbent weather as well as covering perhaps six feet or so of the ring which allows for shade and protection for the judge’s table.  There are no ‘wet weather’ rings such as those required by the KC so that the judging can be moved out of the rain.  In the rainy seasons and areas of the US, as well as those areas that are scorching hot and sunny, judges and exhibitors know that they need to plan for the weather.  Seldom will a show be delayed even in downpours.  It does make for an interesting aspect when the coated breeds are drenched and toplines and angulations suddenly become apparent to the spectators who didn’t have the opportunity to actually put their hands on the exhibit. 

 

AKC outdoor shows will find exhibitors setting up gazebos and exercise pens next to their cars.  Crates are normally set up under the gazebo rather than left in the car.  Many of the US exhibitors drive vans; these vans often have awnings (similar to those found on caravans) affixed to them which pull out to give shading to the dogs and grooming tables.   The AKC takes a strong stance on dogs being left in locked cars and those exhibitors who do not take care that the dogs do not become distressed may come back to find that they need to replace windows which have been broken to get to the dogs.  

 

AKC indoor shows have grooming and crating areas set up for the convenience of the exhibitors.   Dogs may not be left unattended if not in crates.    The typical grooming and crating area will be multi-breed and have clusters of crates stacked or in a line with grooming tables set up in front of the clusters or lines.  Because of the multi-breed aspect, gundog exhibitors may be set up right next to a person with pastoral and hound breeds.  It makes for a good environment to learn about other breeds and what is happening in the veterinarian, genetic, showing and other areas of the dog world.  Exhibitors get the opportunity to develop that important ‘eye’ on breeds that they are unfamiliar with and which ultimately will help in assessing their own breed.  Breeds are not isolated all together and lasting friendships with those in other breeds are generated through the close proximity.

 

One of the benefits to the show-giving clubs, and passed along to the exhibitor, is cost-savings.  Because there is not the requirement for benching at all championship shows, the clubs save on the costs of the actual benching and its installation/removal, as well as the costs saved for space requirements.  There is not the need for large tents to be erected for the benching, nor are additional tents required for wet weather.  This means that grounds which may be more suitable for the actual exhibiting of the dogs may be utilized since that of primary importance. 

 

Of lesser import - to anyone except the exhibitors and spectators! - is the larger number of toilet facilities set up at AKC outdoor shows. 

 

Field Representatives

 

AKC Field Representatives are present at the majority of US shows.  The responsibilities of the Field Representative are broad when compared to the UK Field Representative. 

 

The AKC Field Representatives serve as eyes and ears of office staff and the Board of Directors by providing factual first-hand information regarding conduct of Dog Shows, rules and policy compliance by dog clubs, and ability of judges.  While AKC Field Representatives are not at all shows, they do attend all major shows and the great majority of other shows.  During an AKC show, the Field Representative is highly visible, providing show committees, exhibitors, breeders, judges, novices and spectators with information regarding rules, regulations, policies and procedures.  This very approachable presence is welcomed by all participants in the dog show scene for the Field Representatives’ knowledge as well as their ability to quickly deal with situations thereby preventing more formal and time-consuming processes.  Exhibitors and spectators are able to avail themselves of a variety of regulation booklets, registration forms, etc.  The presence of a Field Representative actively interfacing with the public and the dog show population is very different from the KC representatives who are seldom present or visible.

 

During shows, the Field Representatives assist in judges’ education and the approval (to judge) process by evaluating judges’ ring procedures and speaking with them about any changes that may be required in accordance with AKC guidelines.  After observing the judge’s performance in the ring, the Field Representative will meet with them for a constructive discussion.  

 

In the event of rule infractions, the AKC Field Representative acts in an advisory capacity to both the show committee and the accused individual(s) by assuring that all are aware of the procedures, rights and obligations in alleged misconduct situations.  This is one area which greatly differs from the KC which does not give the show committees any ability to deal with alleged misconduct immediately and instead a KC committee must depend upon testimony obtained in some instances many weeks after the fact before a determination can be made.  Each show giving club’s show committee has the ability to deal with the alleged misconduct immediately by convening a hearing.  Any appeal to the determinations is made to an AKC committee. 

 

AKC Field Representatives arrive early to the show grounds.  The Field Representative will meet with the Show Chairperson and Superintendent to both discuss and implement decisions regarding any situations that may affect the start of judging as well as the smooth running of the show.  They will recommend changes to the show layout, site appropriateness, entry limitations, etc. for future shows in their reports.  During the course of the day, they will interview and test prospective judges and those judges who are applying for additional breeds.  If there application for reinstatement of a dog has been received, the Representatives will set up committees to inspect and evaluate that dog for reinstatement. 

 

Each Field Representative works 120 events annually, but their responsibilities and duties do not end with the dog shows.  They also attend event hearings as an advisor or counsellor.  They attend and speak at many club meetings and seminars about the role of the AKC as well as question-and-answer sessions about rules, regulations, application processes, etc.  They may also meet with show committee members to evaluate potential show sites.   This is all in addition to the necessary paperwork that they must complete. 

 

Superintendents

 

While each of the shows held in the UK is done on an individual basis, from contracting for tenting, ring set-ups, labour, ribbons or rosettes, the cardboard win placards, printing and distribution of the premium list for the show, receipt and compilation of entries, printing of the catalogue, the judges’ books for entrants and placings, compiling of the placings and wins in each breed, group and the show to send to the Kennel Club, etc., there are very few shows in the US that actually undertake the entire process.  Instead, there are a group of show superintendents who are licensed by the American Kennel Club to conduct the tasks.  The clubs employ the superintendents who, for a small fee, do all the necessary work.   These show superintendents have been in existence for more than a century to ensure the smooth running of American shows.

 

One of the major benefits of this is, not only to the clubs who are able to more efficiently utilize their members, but also to the newcomer to the sport who has only to give their name and address to the various superintendents in order to receive notifications of upcoming shows rather than calling each individual club secretary and asking for a premium/schedule.  Because the superintendents often do their own printing, premium/schedule lists and catalogues can be produced at a reduced price, benefiting the club.  The same is true for the ribbons and rosettes, benching (if needed, though very few American shows are benched) and tenting.  Rings are most often gated with two-foot tall or so expandable wooden fencing providing not only a more secure show ring, but also cutting down on the tape between Stakes blowing in the wind so often found at UK shows. 

 

The Superintendent is also responsible for producing a schedule of the show which is sent to exhibitors approximately one week before the show.  This schedule will have all breeds listed as well as the times and rings for which they are scheduled.  Also shown is a breakdown of total dogs entered for the show, a breakdown by breed with the number of males, females and champions indicated.  See Table 6 for an actual reproduction of the schedule that an exhibitor would receive for an AKC show.  Along with this schedule would be directions to the show site, the exhibitor pass which will show the dog’s name, exhibition number, classes entered. 

 

Shows have a closing date, usually seventeen days prior to the first show, after which no entries can be made. These entries must be in the hands of the superintendent or, in the case where clubs decide to handle their own entries, in the possession of the show secretary on the closing date.  Entries are not accepted late and posting dates do not constitute acceptance of entries, unlike the UK where entries must be mailed and postmarked by the closing date. 

 

As can also be seen from the show schedule (Table 3a), AKC shows start much earlier than the UK shows – normally at 8:00 a.m.  This enables the judging of all of the breeds, groups and Best in Show to be completed by late afternoon. 

 

Indefinite Licensing Privilege vs. Working Dog Registry

 

The AKC has designed a program that allows dogs which are recognizable as a member of an AKC-recognized breed but which is ineligible for registration to participate in the AKC Companion and Performance events.  These events include:

•Agility Trials (All Breeds)
•Obedience Trials (All Breeds)
•Tracking Tests (All Breeds)
•Herding Tests & Trials (Herding Breeds, Rottweilers & Samoyeds)
•Earthdog Trials (Small Terriers & Dachshunds)
•Hunt Tests (Most Sporting Breeds & Standard Poodles)
•Lure Coursing (Sighthounds)
•Junior Showmanship (All Breeds)

This program is known as the Indefinite Licensing Privilege Program (ILP for short).  To obtain an ILP number which will then allow the dog to compete in the above events, the owner must complete a form and state where the dog was obtained (such as through rescue, an animal shelter, found, etc.) and why the owner believes the dog is pure-bred (a breeder’s opinion, a veterinarian’s opinion, obtained through a breed rescue club, etc.).  The dog must be neutered, unless it is on the Miscellaneous class grouping (which is comprised of dogs working toward official AKC recognition and therefore not yet an AKC-recognized breed), and the certificate of neutering from the veterinarian must accompany the application form.  Two colour photographs (one standing in profile; one head on showing the facial characteristics of the dog) must be sent with the application.

This is similar to the KC’s Working Registry with some very notable differences.  On the Working Dog Registry the dog is not required to be neutered and is often used for breeding purposes.   Enrolment in the ILP program is not an alternative form of registration for the AKC, but is a listing which enables the dog that is ineligible for AKC registration to participate in Companion and Performance events.  An ILP may be cancelled at any time. 

The other notable difference is that cross-breeds may not appear on the ILP listing as they may on the Working Dog Registry.  The AKC has a very definite purpose of promoting the pure-bred dog.  The KC Working Dog Registry enables and, perhaps unknowingly promotes, the cross-breeding of dogs.  There are ‘breeders’ who aggressively cross breeds in order to provide the ‘ultimate’ competition dog.  One example of this is the crossing of Border Collies with the Australian Shepherds for obedience and agility competition.  It should be of grave concern to the pure-bred dog clubs that such cross breeding or breeding of dogs not eligible for the breed register is allowed.  The AKC recognizes this concern and, therefore, only permits neutered dogs to be listed on the Indefinite Licensing Privilege Program and to compete for titles.

If the dog is not pure-bred or of a breed not recognized by the AKC, titles are still available to these dogs through a variety of other organizations:  breed-specific clubs, rare-breed clubs, mixed-breed clubs, and alternative kennel clubs.  The AKC is not the only kennel club in the United States; however, it is the largest organization.  The AMBOR (American Mixed Breed Obedience Registry) offers obedience and other titles to mixed breeds and rare breeds.  The United Kennel Club and SKC often recognizes breeds that the AKC does not yet recognize and has a special program to allow mixed breed dogs to compete in performance events such as obedience and agility.  

Naming, Registration and Affixes

 

Registration of litters is very similar in both the AKC and the KC.  The parents must both be pure-bred and themselves be registered.  There is a difference in that in the AKC a litter registration form is filled out, indicating the breeder’s name, the sire and dam’s names and registration numbers, date of breeding, date of whelping, number of each sex whelped, etc.  This form is then mailed to the AKC and a bundle of individual registration forms is sent by to the breeder.  The breeder can do one of four things:  a) each puppy (or some of the puppies) can be individually named and those applications sent into the AKC with the breeder as owner of the puppy; b) the breeder may fill in just the ‘kennel affix’ and leave the naming up to the individual who buys the puppy; c) the breeder may leave the name selection entirely to the new owner; or d) the breeder may fill in a selected name for the puppy and either hope that the new owner decides to use it when they send in the form or bind them contractually to use the name. 

 

The owner of the dog at time of individual registration has the right to name the dog and may elect to cross out the breeder’s choice of name and substitute one of their choosing.  Once a dog’s name is accepted and registered with the AKC that name cannot be changed unless the AKC has made a mistakes and the dog has not yet been bred or received any titles unlike the KC which allows for both the addition of another kennel affix and for a change of name provided that the breeder will agree and the dog’s name has not yet appeared on the stud book registry.

 

The breeder in the UK names all puppies and registers them so that individual registration forms are produced prior to the puppy being purchased.  A daunting task when faced with a number of squirmy fat little bodies that have yet to show individual personalities. 

 

The following rules apply to registering names with the AKC (from “AKC Policies and Guidelines for Registration Matters”):

  • Name length is limited to 25 characters, not including spaces, apostrophes and hyphens.
  • Letters in the name are restricted to the Standard English alphabet; apostrophes, hyphens, and spaces are the only punctuation that appears in a dog's name. The certificate will be printed in all upper case.
  • Lifetime kennel names and registered name prefixes cannot be used without the consent of the owner of the name.
  • No Arabic numbers, no Roman numerals at the end of the name.
  • A limit of 37 dogs in one breed may have the same name.
  • AKC reserves the right to append Roman numerals to the end of a name for identification purposes.
  • Spelled out cardinal and ordinal numbers may be used (e.g., First, One, Two, Third, etc).
  • The name may not contain "Champion," "Champ," "Sieger," or any other show term/AKC title, spelled or abbreviated.
  • Obscenities or derogatory words may not be used.
  • "Kennel," "dog," "male," "sire," "stud," "bitch," "dam," and "female" may not appear in the name.
  • The name may not consist of the breed name alone.
  • Names of living or recently dead persons may not be used.
  • An imported dog must be registered under the same name that it was registered in its country of birth.

All names are, of course, subject to AKC approval. 

 

Affixes are another area in which the AKC and KC differ greatly.  It seems that every newcomer to the breed runs out and applies for a kennel affix.  While this does, of course, generate additional revenue for the KC, it also is not an indication that the person is, in fact, a breeder or that they will do more than breed one litter, if that.  It does make it a bit more difficult for the average person to discern true experience when what they see is that the person has a ‘registered affix’ so they must be reputable, right?

 

AKC affixes are granted in order to protect the usage of the breeder’s kennel name in the naming of AKC dogs.  When the kennel name is registered the AKC will not allow the name to be used in the naming of dogs without the permission of the kennel name’s owner.  The registered Kennel Name may be used solely by the owner of that name in the naming of dogs either owned and registered by or bred by the breeder.  There is a non-refundable $50.00 application fee when applying for the kennel name and the following criteria (taken directly from AKC material) must be met:

 

·        The applicant or co-applicants must be in good standing with the American Kennel Club and whose record of breeding and registering dogs identifies the applicant as a serious hobby-breeder, with non-commercial activity and whose past registration practices have been satisfactory too the American Kennel Club and in conformity with its rules and regulations.

 

·        The applicant or co-applicants must be in good standing with the American Kennel Club and whose record of breeding and registering dogs identifies the applicant as a serious hobby-breeder, with non-commercial activity and whose past registration practices have been satisfactory too the American Kennel Club and in conformity with its rules and regulations.

 

·        The applicant(s) must not have an interest in a boarding or grooming business, a pet store or pet supply store. Kennel owners with an interest in dog dealerships or pet stores will not be granted a Registered Kennel Name.

 

·        The applicant or co-applicants must have bred at least 5 registered litters in the past 5 years or have owned stud dogs that produced at least 40 registered litters in the past 10 years.

 

·        The kennel name must be unique and unable to be found in any domestic or foreign dictionary.

 

·        The name may not have been used by anyone other than the applicant in the naming of any AKC registered dogs within 10 years from the date of the application.

 

·        The kennel name is limited to 15 letters and may be a maximum of two words. The only permitted punctuation is a hyphen.

 

·        Unacceptable words in the kennel name would include, but are not limited to conflicts, either phonetically or in spelling with; the name of a breed, AKC titles, names of cities, states, countries, rivers, lakes, land formations, schools, common family names, corporations or trade names, as well as the names of very famous and universally recognized persons, living or dead. Words commonly used by many different breeders in the naming of dogs will not be registered to one breeder. The kennel name cannot contain any derogatory or discriminatory words.

 

·        Note: Meeting the above requirements does not guarantee the registration of a kennel name. The granting of a Registered Kennel Name is at the sole discretion of the American Kennel Club. No more than two individuals can apply for a Registered Kennel Name.

 

The primary differences between AKC and KC requirements for obtaining a kennel affix is that the American Kennel Club requires an applicant to be a serious hobby-breeder, with non-commercial activity (meaning no dog-related businesses such as pet stores, pet supplies, boarding kennels, grooming businesses, or dog dealerships.  The KC does not make such a distinction.  The American Kennel Club further requires proof that the applicant is a serious hobby-breeder by ascertaining that the applicant has bred at least five registered litters in the previous five years or owned stud dogs producing at least 40 registered litters in ten years.  The KC grants kennel affixes to newcomers with no breeding experience or any proof of solid interest in the breed as stated previously. 

 

Exhibiting

 

AKC exhibitors seldom enter their dog in more than one regular class, unlike the UK where exhibitors often do so.  The exception occurs where conformation, obedience and/or agility classes are offered at the same show or at speciality shows where a dog may be entered in non-regular classes also. 

 

The use of ‘bait’” has been debated often.  Americans and Canadians use bait as a means of keeping their dogs ‘up’ in the ring.  As stated previously, one of the differences between US shows and UK shows is the sheer number of shows that a dog and handler will attend.  It is not uncommon for a serious American exhibitor to attend eighty to a hundred championship shows a year.  Remember also, that AKC shows are often cluster shows which means that the same dog may be in the ring ten days in a row, not counting the number of times that it may be in the group and Best in Show rings at those same ten shows.  This is a marked difference to the 25 or so Championship shows held in the UK over the entire year where the dog is seldom in the ring more than once a week.

 

Baiting a dog with tasty titbits (most often liver) or with feathers, small squeaker toys, balls and other items is quite common.  There is an art to baiting a dog so that it appears alert and lively while still maintaining control over the dog and not interfering with other exhibitors.   It is simply not good manners to stuff a bit of food into the dog’s mouth as the judge approaches.   Care must be taken so that the dog does not skew its head trying to look at the food or raise the nose so high that the neck and shoulder area appears unnatural.  Opponents to baiting normally attempt to decry its use by stating that their dogs don’t need to be baited, that bait is ‘unsportsmanlike’, that dogs in the ring later will be unjustly compromised by bait lying around, etc.   Dog showing is not a natural occupation for dogs and, therefore, it is not unnatural for dogs to be less than interested in standing around instead of being able to run and play with all the other dogs.  A bit of bait keeps them happy and with their minds where they should be – on the job at hand.   Good handlers make sure that any liver or titbit that is dropped is picked up so that other dogs are not tempted. 

 

Another major difference is that AKC shows are seldom, if ever, delayed for traffic, parking problems, ferries, etc.  AKC exhibitors know that they must allow enough time for unforeseen delays.   Judges will seldom ‘hold’ a ring to allow for an exhibitor who may be in another ring as they do in the UK.  This is seen as being unfair favouritism and a discourtesy to those exhibitors who planned their day properly to make the show and the ring on time. 

 

Attire is another area where AKC exhibitors differ greatly from KC exhibitors.  Smart business dress is common at AKC shows.  Those exhibitors appearing in jeans, tee-shirts, sweatshirts, shorts, crop-tops, and attire more suitable to working in the yard or kennel is seldom seen at AKC shows and those people who are new to the sport quickly adopt a more professional outlook.  While it may seem a small thing, it is perhaps indicative of the American attitude that this is a serious sport and one that deserves the same attention as other sports.   Dogs are immaculately groomed and clean; it seems somewhat disrespectful to the judge and other exhibitors to appear without the appropriate attention to one’s own attire.

 

The paper cards identifying each dog’s entry number are handled differently also.  In the United States and Canada, the form that an exhibitor receives back will have the dog’s entry number on it.  The numbers are picked up from the steward in the ring prior to entering the ring, similar to what occurs at Open (non-championship point shows) in the UK.  These numbers are referred to as exhibitors as ‘armband numbers’ and are normally worn on the left arm and held in place with a rubber band.  In the UK the identification numbers are normally affixed to the clothing of the exhibitor (although some exhibitors have adopted the armband holder) by means of a clasp pin.  This sometimes creates a problem for spectators who are trying to determine what number an exhibit is since the number may be on the handler’s chest, lower jacket pocket, sleeve, etc. and since it is not firmly attached may actually turn over with movement and show a blank side.

 

Another significant difference is that the UK exhibitors all wear the best of breed, best puppy in breed, etc. rosettes affixed to their clothing.  Perhaps it is petty, but the exhibitor did not win best of breed, the dog did.  While pride in accomplishment can be easily understood, this practice of the exhibitor wearing the rosette may indeed be indicative of the face judging that has become so prevalent in the UK.    At other livestock shows, the ribbons are worn by the exhibited animal or placed where the animal is being kept.   The rosettes worn into the group ring frequently create a distraction for the dog by either fluttering in the breeze when gaited or dangling on or near the dog when the dog is being stood.  Rosettes may not be worn by AKC exhibitors.  Also banned from the show ring in the US are insignia, buttons, pins, etc. on shirts or jackets identifying the handler as member of any specific club or organization; the only exception to this is that members of the Professional Handlers Association or Dog Handlers Guild may wear their pins since the AKC licenses professional handlers now.  Frankly, all affiliation identifiers should be disallowed in order that all handlers are on equal footing and no favouritism toward any group may even be perceived.

 

Conclusion


It is evident that there are a great many differences between the KC and the AKC concerning dog showing and ownership.  The sports of obedience, tracking, agility, field, lure coursing, herding, and other competition areas have not been taken into consideration; however, there are differences in the manner in which these events also are conducted and perhaps will be the topic of future articles. 

 

The American Kennel Club, the Canadian Kennel Club, the Irish Kennel Club, the Kennel Club, or any other organization are only as good as the people who run them.  What must be considered of paramount importance is that all these organizations question those who compete and then take that advice and comments seriously.  The American Kennel Club does just that by giving each licensed organization, such as the show clubs, the field clubs, tracking clubs, obedience clubs, breed clubs, the right to have a representative at the AKC meetings held to discuss and implement important decisions.  These representatives vote in accordance to the manner in which their individual clubs have directed them and, therefore, each person truly has a vote in how the American Kennel Club evolves.  This is very different from the group of elites who run the Kennel Club and seem content to continue to run matters as they have been done in the past decades.  All of this is at the cost to the dog breeds in general because when exhibitors and dog owners lose confidence and trust in their governing body and have no say in what changes may be necessary then the dog world loses out by having this disenchanted majority decide that their time and money is better spent elsewhere.   It is a well-known statistic that the average dog show exhibitor remains in the sport for five years or less.  The breeds and sport cannot continue to improve without experienced breeders and competitors.  And it certainly cannot do so with only a handful of powerful breeders determining the type through such things as Robert Killick stated previously.  Favouritism, ignorance, kennel-blindness, mutual favour-returns, colour or size prejudice, ignorance, and the host of other things we see in a proliferation of ‘breeder-judges’ can only continue to harm the very dogs we love.

 

As promised, here is that look at those ‘Cheap Champions’ in Table 7 under “Percentage of Dogs Awarded Championships versus Dogs Shown”.  In the UK, an estimate of 1.00% dogs receive championships in a given year when compared to the number of dogs shown.  That ‘cheap champion’ country has an actual figure of 1.3% dogs receiving a championship when compared to actual number of dogs shown.  It defies logic that the additional 0.3% could actually be construed as cheapening a champion!  Sneers aside, it’s hard to label all American Champions ‘cheap champions’ when the ones who have come over to compete in the UK are highly successful.

 

In a time of declining entries, cynicism, and disgruntlement perhaps the time is ripe to begin to look at other organizations and what works for them and their members and step into a new century of dog showing.  For the sake of those breeds we all love, it is sincerely hoped that the sport does not remain stagnate in any country and that work continues to ensure that a higher quality of champions is produced in the future than in the past.  After all, shouldn’t we all be working toward betterment of the future – in the breeds as well as in the shows?

 

© 2004 Sierra Milton.  [email protected]  Please contact author for permission to use.

 

 

 

Puppy 6 – 9 Months______ |      

Puppy 9-12  Months______|

Twelve to Eighteen Months_|

 Novice_______________ |   --- Winners Dog ----------|    

Bred by Exhibitor________|                 |                   |

American  Bred__________|       Reserve Winners          |

 Open_________________|               Dog                  |

                                                                        |

                                                                        | Champions  ---    | Best of Breed

                                                                        |                       |

Puppy 6 – 9 Months_______|                                      |                       | Best of Opposite Sex

Puppy 9-12  Months_______|                                     |                       |

Twelve to Eighteen Months__|                                    |                       |

 Novice________________|   --- Winners Bitch --------|                       | Best of Winners

Bred by Exhibitor________|                 |                                             (from Winners Dog and Winners Bitch)

American  Bred__________|       Reserve Winners

 Open_________________|               Bitch

 

Table 1

 

TABLE 2

Show

No. of Classes

 

Classes Offered

Southern Counties

9

MP, P, J, N, G, PG, L, O, V

Welsh Kennel Club

7

MP, P, J, N, PG, L, O

Windsor

6

P, J, N, PG, L, O

Paignton & District Fanciers Assoc

8

MP, P, J, N, G, PG, L, O

East of England

8

MP, P, J, N, G, PG, L, O

National Gundog Association

9

SV, MP, P, J, N, G, PG, L, O

Bournemouth Canine Association

6

P, J, N, PG, L, O

 

 

 

1 Point

2 Points

3 Points*

4 Points*

5 Points*

Division 8 is comprised of: Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming

Dog

Bitch

Dog

Bitch

Dog

Bitch

Dog

Bitch

Dog

Bitch

Pointers (German Shorthaired)

2

2

7

6

12

10

14

13

18

19

Retrievers (Labrador)

2

4

12

15

21

27

28

42

40

70

Boxers

2

3

10

13

17

23

21

30

28

42

Dobermann Pinschers

2

4

10

16

17

28

23

33

34

43

 

1 Point

2 Points

3 Points*

4 Points*

5 Points*

Division 1 is comprised of: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont

Dog

Bitch

Dog

Bitch

Dog

Bitch

Dog

Bitch

Dog

Bitch

Pointers (German Shorthaired)

2

3

6

9

10

15

13

20

18

29

Retrievers (Labrador)

5

7

15

18

24

28

39

48

66

86

Boxers

3

4

11

14

18

24

24

31

36

43

Dobermann Pinchers

3

4

10

13

16

21

20

28

28

40

 

Table 3.  Point System by Region

Note that the number of dogs required for each point level may vary by region and by sex.

* considered “majors”

 

 

 

SCHEDULE OF POINTS EFFECTIVE MAY 14, 2002

For complete Conformation Championship requirements see Chapter 16 of the Rules Applying to Dog Shows

SCHEDULE OF POINTS FOR DIVISION 5

Division 5 is comprised of: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio.

The 2002 Schedule of Points reflects a reconfiguration of the Divisions. Division 5 now contains Ohio. New Division 13 consists of Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota and new Division 14 consists of Florida.  The Points toward a Championship shall be awarded to the Winners Dog and Bitch of each breed or variety based on the actual number of dogs or bitches competing in that breed or variety.

 

If the dog designated Winners Dog or Winners Bitch is also awarded Best of Breed or Variety, the dogs of both sexes that have been entered for Best of Breed or Variety competition and that have been defeated in such competition, shall be counted in addition to the dogs that competed in the regular classes for its sex in calculating championship points.

 

If the dog designated Winners Dog or Winners Bitch is also awarded Best of Opposite Sex to Best of Breed or Variety, the dogs of its own sex that have been entered for Best of Breed or Variety competition that have been defeated in competition for Best of Opposite Sex, shall be counted in addition to the dogs that competed in the regular classes for its sex in calculating championship points.

 

After points have been computed for Winners Dog and Winners Bitch subject to the above two stipulations, the dog awarded the Best of Winners shall be credited with the number of points calculated for Winners Dog or Winners Bitch, whichever is greater.

 

In counting the number of eligible dogs in competition, a dog that is disqualified, or that is dismissed, excused or ordered from the ring by the judge, or from which all awards are withheld shall not be included. Any dog which shall have won fifteen points shall become a Champion of Record, if six or more of said points shall have been won at two shows with a rating of three or more championship points each and under two different judges, and some one or more of the balance of said points shall have been won under some other judge or judges than the two judges referred to above.

 

 

    1 POINT

Dogs     Bitches

   2 POINTS

Dogs     Bitches

   3 POINTS

Dogs     Bitches

   4 POINTS

Dogs     Bitches

   5 POINTS

Dogs      Bitches

Brittanys

2

2

5

6

7

10

12

13

16

19

Pointers

2

2

3

4

4

5

7

6

10

8

Pointers (German Shorthaired)

2

2

6

7

10

12

13

15

19

21

Pointers (German Wirehaired)

2

2

3

4

4

5

7

6

10

9

Retrievers (Chesapeake Bay)

2

2

4

4

5

7

8

9

12

12

Retrievers (Curly-Coated)

2

2

3

3

4

4

7

7

8

8

Retrievers (Flat-Coated)

2

2

4

4

5

6

6

8

9

11

Retrievers (Golden)

4

4

14

16

24

28

32

36

48

52

Retrievers (Labrador)

3

3

12

13

20

23

33

42

54

68

Setters (English)

2

2

4

6

6

10

12

17

24

30

Setters (Gordon)

2

2

4

6

6

10

9

15

14

24

Setters (Irish)

2

2

6

7

9

12

16

20

30

36

Spaniels (American Water)

2

2

3

4

4

7

5

8

6

9

Spaniels (Clumber)

2

2

3

4

4

6

5

7

7

9

Spaniels (Cocker) Black

2

2

4

6

7

9

8

11

11

16

Spaniels (Cocker) ASCOB

2

2

5

6

7

9

9

12

12

17

Spaniels (Cocker) Parti

2

2

4

6

6

10

8

13

11

18

Spaniels (English Cocker)

2

2

5

7

8

11

10

14

15

19

Spaniels (English Springer)

2

2

5

7

8

11

14

16

24

26

Spaniels (Field)

2

2

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

Spaniels (Irish Water)

2

2

3

4

4

5

7

6

10

8

Spaniels (Sussex)

2

2

4

6

5

9

6

10

8

11

Spaniels (Welsh Springer)

2

2

3

3

4

4

9

10

12

16

Spinoni Italiani

2

2

3

3

4

4

6

6

8

8

Vizslas

2

2

4

5

7

8

10

11

15

16

Weimaraners

2

2

6

7

9

12

12

15

17

20

Afghan Hounds

2

2

6

6

10

9

14

14

20

22

Basenjis

2

2

5

6

8

9

11

14

17

22

Basset Hounds

2

2

4

5

6

8

8

12

11

20

Beagles (13 inch and under)

2

2

3

4

4

6

5

8

6

11

Beagles (over 13 inches)

2

2

4

4

5

5

6

7

9

11

Black and Tan Coonhounds

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

7

8

10

Bloodhounds

2

2

4

4

5

6

7

7

10

9

Borzois

2

2

5

5

8

8

13

12

21

20

Dachshunds (Longhaired)

2

2

5

6

7

8

10

12

15

17

Dachshunds (Smooth)

2

2

4

5

5

7

8

10

14

16

Dachshunds (Wirehaired)

2

2

4

5

6

8

8

10

11

143

Foxhounds (English)

2

2

3

3

4

4

6

5

9

6

Greyhounds

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

7

Irish Wolfhounds

2

2

3

4

4

6

5

7

7

9

Norwegian Elkhounds

2

2

3

4

4

7

7

10

11

16

Otterhounds

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

7

9

Rhodesian Ridgebacks

2

2

4

5

7

8

9

10

12

13

Salukis

2

2

4

4

6

6

8

10

11

18

Scottish Deerhounds

2

2

3

4

4

5

5

8

7

13

Whippets

2

2

7

8

11

14

15

22

24

33

Akitas

2

2

4

5

7

8

8

10

12

15

Alaskan Malamutes

2

2

6

6

9

10

13

13

20

19

Bernese Mountain Dogs

2

2

4

6

6

9

8

12

13

15

Boxers

2

3

13

14

23

24

28

30

37

40

Bullmastiffs

2

2

4

6

7

9

8

11

11

14

Doberman Pinschers

3

4

10

13

18

22

22

27

28

35

Giant Schnauzers

2

2

4

4

5

6

6

8

8

12

Great Danes

2

2

9

9

15

16

21

24

33

38

Great Pyrenees

2

2

4

4

6

5

8

8

12

12

Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs

2

2

3

4

4

5

6

7

10

10

Komondorok

2

2

3

3

4

4

6

5

7

6

Kuvaszok

2

2

3

4

4

5

6

10

11

16

Mastiffs

2

2

5

5

7

7

9

10

13

16

Newfoundlands

2

2

5

5

7

8

8

12

12

16

Portuguese Water Dogs

2

2

4

4

5

8

6

12

8

18

Rottweilers

3

4

9

9

15

16

23

27

39

46

St. Bernards

2

2

4

6

7

9

12

14

24

25

Samoyeds

2

2

5

6

7

10

9

12

14

16

Siberian Huskies

2

2

7

8

11

13

16

20

26

34

Standard Schnauzers

2

2

4

4

5

6

7

8

12

13

Airedale Terriers

2

2

3

5

4

7

9

14

17

27

American Staffordshire Terriers

2

2

4

4

6

7

8

9

11

14

Australian Terriers

2

2

3

4

4

6

6

7

8

9

Bedlington Terrieres

2

2

3

4

4

5

6

7

10

9

Border Terriers

2

2

3

6

4

9

5

10

6

13

Bull Terriers (Colored)

2

2

3

4

4

6

6

8

10

15

Bull Terriers (White)

2

2

3

4

4

5

6

7

9

11

Cairn Terriers

2

2

4

4

6

7

7

10

10

16

Dandie Dinmont Terriers

2

2

3

3

4

4

6

8

9

10

Fox Terriers (Smooth)

2

2

3

4

4

6

7

10

13

16

Fox Terriers (Wire)

2

2

4

4

5

6

8

7

12

10

Irish Terriers

2

2

3

4

4

6

5

8

8

12

Jack Russell Terriers

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

7

8

Kerry Blue Terriers

2

2

4

4

5

6

9

12

16

23

Lakeland Terriers

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

7

Miniature Schnauzers

2

2

5

6

7

10

9

14

14

22

Norfolk Terriers

2

2

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

Norwich Terriers

2

2

3

4

4

7

6

9

9

12

Scottish Terriers

2

2

3

5

4

7

8

11

14

19

Sealyham Terriers

2

2

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

Skye Terriers

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

7

8

Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers

2

2

4

7

6

11

8

13

11

16

Staffordshire Bull Terriers

2

2

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

9

Welsh Terriers

2

2

3

4

4

5

5

7

8

11

West Highland White Terriers

2

2

4

5

5

7

8

13

13

23

Affenpinschers

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

8

8

Brussels Griffons

2

2

3

4

4

6

5

8

8

12

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

2

2

4

4

6

7

7

9

10

12

Chihuahuas (Long Coat)

2

2

4

5

6

8

8

10

12

15

Chihuahuas (Smooth Coat)

2

2

4

5

6

7

7

9

10

12

Chinese Crested

2

2

4

5

6

7

7

10

10

14

English Toy Spaniels (Blenheim & Prince Charles)

2

2

3

3

4

4

7

7

8

8

English Toy Spaniels (King Charles & Ruby)

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

8

7

Havanese

2

2

3

3

4

4

6

6

9

8

Italian Greyhounds

2

2

4

6

6

10

12

16

21

22

Japanese Chin

2

2

3

4

4

6

6

7

11

10

Maltese

2

2

3

4

4

6

5

7

7

9

Manchester Terriers (Toy)

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

6

8

Miniature Pinschers

2

2

5

7

8

11

10

13

13

18

Papillons

2

2

6

6

9

10

11

12

15

17

Pekingese

2

2

4

4

6

6

10

11

18

20

Pomeranians

2

2

6

6

10

9

12

11

17

14

Poodles (Toy)

2

2

4

5

6

8

7

10

9

13

Pugs

2

2

6

7

9

12

11

15

15

21

Shih Tzu

2

2

4

4

6

6

7

8

10

11

Silky Terriers

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

7

7

Yorkshire Terriers

2

2

6

6

9

9

11

11

14

16

American Eskimo Dogs

2

2

3

4

4

5

6

6

8

7

Bichons Frises

2

2

4

5

5

7

7

11

10

17

Boston Terriers

2

2

4

5

6

8

7

10

8

14

Bulldogs

2

2

9

9

15

16

22

26

34

43

Chinese Shar-Pei

2

2

 

6

7

10

9

15

14

24

Chow Chows

2

2

4

4

5

7

7

8

11

11

Dalmatians

2

2

6

8

9

12

14

19

23

32

French Bulldogs

2

2

4

5

5

7

6

9

8

12

Keeshonden

2

2

4

4

5

7

9

11

15

18

Lhasa Apsos

2

2

4

4

5

6

7

8

9

12

Lowchen

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

8

9

Poodles (Miniature)

2

2

4

5

5

7

6

8

7

11

Poodles (Standard)

2

2

5

7

8

11

10

14

13

19

Schipperkes

2

2

3

4

4

7

6

9

9

13

Shiba Inu

2

2

3

4

4

5

7

6

8

8

Tibetan Spaniels

2

2

4

4

5

6

6

7

7

8

Tibetan Terriers

2

2

3

4

4

6

5

7

7

9

Australian Cattle Dogs

2

2

3

4

4

6

5

7

7

10

Australian Shepherds

2

2

6

7

10

12

13

14

19

18

Bearded Collies

2

2

4

5

7

7

9

9

12

14

Belgian Sheepdogs

2

2

4

4

5

6

6

8

8

11

Belgian Tervuren

2

2

4

4

5

6

7

7

10

10

Border Collies

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

7

7

Bouviers des Flandres

2

2

4

5

5

7

7

10

11

15

Briards

2

2

3

4

4

5

5

6

7

9

Collies (Rough)

2

2

8

9

14

15

20

23

30

39

Collies (Smooth)

2

2

4

4

5

6

6

8

9

10

German Shepherd Dogs

2

2

10

12

17

21

22

26

30

36

Old English Sheepdogs

2

2

4

4

5

7

6

8

8

11

Polish Lowland Sheepdogs

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

6

7

Pulik

2

2

3

3

4

4

7

6

8

9

Shetland Sheepdogs

3

4

10

10

16

17

20

22

28

30

Welsh Corgis (Cardigan)

2

2

4

4

6

8

8

10

12

13

Welsh Corgis (Pembroke)

2

2

6

7

9

12

13

20

20

34

ALL OTHER BREEDS AND VARIETIES

2

2

6

7

9

12

13

20

20

34

Table 3a

 

Divisions 1 - 9

1 Point

95% of the shows where there was competition for a sex of a breed will carry at least one championship point.

2 Points

The two point break is set midway between the one and three point breaks.

3 Points

The three point break is set so that as close as possible to 18% and never to exceed 20% of the shows in each division will carry major points (3, 4 or 5 points)

4 Points

The four point break is set at one third of the difference between the three and five point breaks.

5 Points

At least 1%, but less than 2%, of the shows offering competition for a particular sex of a particular breed will carry five championship points.

Divisions 10 - 12

1 Point

All breeds and varieties should be set at 2 dogs and 2 bitches.

2 Points

The two point break is set midway between the one and three point breaks.

3 Points

The three point break is set so that as close as possible to 50% of the shows in each division will carry major points (3, 4 or 5 points)

4 Points

The four point break is set at one third of the difference between the three and five point breaks.

5 Points

As close as possible to, but not exceeding, 10% of the shows offering competition for a particular sex of a particular breed will carry five championship points.

TABLE 4

 

 

1. Breeding, Owning and Exhibiting Elements (20 Points for each) Note: This assumes that using the 60 point system the applicant does not meet both champion and litter requirements.

·          Bred and raised five litters in breed(s) requested on his/her premises

·          Bred at least four champions in breed(s) requested

 

2. Breeding, Owning and Exhibiting Elements  (15 Points for each)

·          Bred and raised four litters in breed(s) requested on his/her premises

·          Bred at least two champions in breed(s) requested

·          Owned at least one dog in breed(s) requested that sired four champions (dog must have resided at applicant’s home while used as stud)

·          Owned four dogs in breed(s) requested that earned championships while residing at applicant’s home

·          Personally exhibited four dogs in breed(s) requested to their championships, earning all 15 points and both majors  (this requirement is the same for owners and professional handlers)

·          Personally exhibited two dogs in breed(s) requested as specials for a minimum of two years or approximately 60 showings  (this requirement is the same for owners and professional handlers)

·          Participated in Performance Events with two dogs of this breed for a minimum of two years

 

3. Breed Specific Breeding, Owning and Exhibiting Elements  (10 points for each)

·          Competed in Junior Showmanship and can document having shown two or more dogs in breed(s) requested over a period of two or more  years or approximately 60 showings

·          Owned two dogs in breed(s) requested, exhibited as specials, for a minimum of two years or approximately 60 showings

·          Member of household where five or more litters  of this breed produced four or more champions but was not breeder of record

·          Judged an AKC sanctioned match, sweepstakes and/or futurity in this breed

 

4. Professional Experience (10 points for each)

·          Handled professionally or assisted professional handler for at least five years  (Attach details and dates of duties if assisted professional handler)

·          Professionally groomed breeds in a show-related context  (for a show kennel, for a professional handler, etc.) for at least five years

·          Practiced canine health related profession for at least five years

·          Recognized author or frequent speaker on subjects related to purebred dogs. Specific criteria to be established by staff

·          Instructor/teacher of purebred dog-related classes for at least five years or approximately 60 classes

 

5. Club-Related or Educational Experiences (5 points for each)

·          Active kennel club member  (to qualify, applicant must have served as a club officer or on a show committee)

·          Performed show-giving club services, such as committee work, site and ring preparation, and club educational programs

·          Attended institutes sponsored by knowledgeable organizations or parent clubs

·          Attended National Specialties and participated in judges. study groups

·          Presented parent club workshops, study groups or seminars on the breed requested

·          Volunteered on behalf of regional or national breed club as mentor or presenter for parent club’s educational programs or other credible educational programs

 

Table 5

 

Actual Show Schedule Reproduced for one of the Smaller AKC Shows

 

INDEX OF BREEDS

This index has been prepared to enable exhibitors to (1) identify the Ring(s) in which their Breed(s) is (are) to

be judged and (2) have an approximation of the number of dogs entered. The entry figures are not to be taken

as a representation on the part of the Superintendent that all dogs entered will be present on the Show day.

 

Entry

Breed

Ring

Time

 

Entry

Breed

Ring

Time

13

Afghan Hounds

4

12:45

7

Miniature Pinschers

1

9:00

10

Airedale Terriers

2

9:00

6

Miniature Schnauzers 

2

11:00

5

Akitas

3

8:00

11

Newfoundlands 

3

8:00

7

Alaskan Malamutes

3

10:15

6

Norfolk Terriers 

2

11:00

4

Australian Cattle Dogs

3

9:00

2

Norwegian Elkhounds

4

12:45

11

Australian Shepherds

3

10:15

7

Norwich Terriers

2

10:00

1

Australian Terriers

2

11:00

5

Obedience Trial Classes Utility B

7

8:00

6

Basenjis

4

9:15

6

Obedience Trial Classes Open A

7

8:50

3

Basset Hounds

4

8:00

4

Obedience Trial Classes Novice B

7

9:45

1

Beagles, 13 Inch

4

10:15

2

Obedience Trial Classes Utility A

7

10:15

10

BeardedCollies

5

11:00

4

Obedience Trial Classes Open B

7

10:35

5

Belgian Tervuren

3

9:00

1

Obedience Trial Classes Novice A

7

11:10

12

Bernese Mountain Dogs

3

10:15

5

Old English Sheepdogs

3

10:15

2

Bichons Frises

4

12:45

5

Papillons

1

10:00

4

Border Terriers

2

10:00

9

Pekingese

1

11:00

2

Borzois

4

11:15

9

Pointers

6

8:00

5

Boston Terriers

5

8:00

20

Pointers (German Shorthaired)

6

9:00

12

Bouviers des Flandres

 

3

10:15

1

Pointers (German Wirehaired)

6

10:00

15

Boxers

2

8:00

6

Pomeranians

1

12:30

6

Briards

5

12:45

3

Poodles (Miniature)

4

11:15

3

Brittanys

6

9:00

15

Poodles (Standard)

4

12:45

5

Brussels Griffons

1

9:00

7

Poodles (Toy)

1

10:00

1

Bull Terriers (White)

2

8:00

1

Portuguese Water Dogs

2

11:00

19

Bulldogs

4

8:00

10

Pugs

1

8:30

2

Bullmastiffs

3

8:00

1

Pulik

3

10:15

3

Cairn Terriers

2

9:00

7

Retrievers (Chesapeake Bay)

6

10:00

8

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

1

11:00

11

Retrievers (Flat-Coated)

6

8:00

3

Chihuahuas (Long Coat)

1

9:00

21

Retrievers (Golden)

6

10:00

2

Chihuahuas (Smooth Coat)

1

9:00

10

Retrievers (Labrador)

6

8:00

2

Chinese Cresteds

1

10:00

8

Rhodesian Ridgebacks

4

9:15

2

Chinese Shar-Pei

4

10:15

9

Rottweilers

2

8:00

7

Chow Chows

4

10:15

2

Salukis

4

10:15

2

Collies (Rough)

5

12:45

7

Samoyeds

3

10:15

1

Collies (Smooth)

5

10:00

3

Schipperkes

4

10:15

5

Dachshunds (Longhaired)

4

11:15

2

Scottish Deerhounds

4

9:15

1

Dachshunds (Smooth)

4

9:15

2

Setters (Gordon)

6

9:00

8

Dachshunds (Wirehaired)

4

9:15

15

Shetland Sheepdogs

5

11:00

10

Dalmatians

4

11:15

4

Shiba Inu

4

10:15

15

Doberman Pinschers

3

9:00

17

Siberian Huskies

5

8:00

1

English Toy Spaniels (B & PC)

1

11:00

4

Silky Terriers

1

10:00

2

Fox Terriers (Smooth)

2

9:00

10

Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers

2

9:00

6

Fox Terriers (Wire)

2

11:00

5

Spaniels (Cocker) A.S.C.O.B.

6

9:00

5

French Bulldogs

4

9:15

14

Spaniels (Cocker) Black

6

10:00

10

German Shepherd Dogs

5

10:00

7

Spaniels (Cocker) Parti-Color

6

10:00

1

Giant Schnauzers

2

10:00

17

Spaniels (English Springer)

5

12:45

8

Great Danes

3

9:00

1

Spaniels (Field)

5

10:00

4

Great Pyrenees

3

9:00

1

Spaniels (Welsh Springer)

5

10:00

7

Havanese

1

12:30

12

Spinone Italianos

5

9:00

2

Irish Terriers

2

10:00

1

St. Bernards

3

8:00

2

Irish Wolfhounds

4

10:15

1

Tibetan Terriers

4

12:45

9

Italian Greyhounds

1

9:00

3

Vizslas

5

10:00

6

Jack Russell Terriers

2

10:00

7

Weimaraners

5

10:00

7

Japanese Chin

1

10:00

10

Welsh Corgis (Cardigan)

3

8:00

21

Junior Showmanship Competition

5

1:45

13

Welsh Corgis (Pembroke)

5

9:00

6

Keeshonden

4

10:15

3

West Highland White Terriers

2

11:00

4

Kerry Blue Terriers

2

10:00

15

Whippets

4

8:00

1

Lakeland Terriers

2

11:00

2

Wirehaired Pointing Griffons

5

10:00

6

Lhasa Apsos

4

12:45

7

Yorkshire Terriers

1

12:30

3

Lowchen

4

10:15

 

 

 

 

8

Maltese

1

12:30

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROGRAM OF JUDGING

There are 742 dogs entered in this show with a total entry of 761 in 112 different Breeds or Varieties, including

22 obedience entries. For your convenience, the following division of sexes has been carefully tabulated;

however, neither the Club nor the Superintendent assumes responsibility for absolute accuracy.

The number before each Breed (Variety) indicates the number of dogs entered in that Breed (Variety). The

numbers following each Breed (Variety) indicate the number of Regular Class Dogs, Regular Class Bitches,

Best of Breed (Variety) (Dogs-Bitches), and Non-Regular Class Dogs or Bitches.

 

RING ONE (INDOORS)

JUDGE: Mr. Michael H. Faulkner

8:30 AM

10 - Pugs 2-5-(2-1)

See Ring 5 at 9:00 AM for balance of assignment.

 

RING FOUR

JUDGE: Mrs. Robert S. Forsyth

8:00 AM

3 - Basset Hounds 1-2-(0-0)

19 - Bulldogs 8-9-(2-0)

15 - Whippets 3-9-(0-3)

9:15 AM

1 - Dachshunds (Smooth) 0-1-(0-0)

5 - French Bulldogs 0-2-(3-0)

6 - Basenjis 2-2-(2-0)

8 - Dachshunds (Wirehaired) 2-3-(1-2)

2 - Scottish Deerhounds 1-0-(1-0)

8 - Rhodesian Ridgebacks 2-5-(0-1)

10:15 AM

1 - Beagles, 13 Inch 0-1-(0-0)

3 - Lowchen 0-2-(0-1)

3 - Schipperkes 0-1-(1-1)

4 - Shiba Inu 1-1-(1-1)

2 - Chinese Shar-Pei 0-0-(1-1)

2 - Salukis 0-1-(1-0)

2 - Irish Wolfhounds 0-1-(1-0)

7 - Chow Chows 4-3-(0-0)

6 - Keeshonden 3-1-(1-1)

11:15 AM

5 - Dachshunds (Longhaired) 2-3-(0-0)

3 - Poodles (Miniature) 2-1-(0-0)

2 - Borzois 0-1-(1-0)

10 - Dalmatians 2-6-(2-0)

12:00 NOON

Lunch

12:45 PM

2 - Norwegian Elkhounds 0-0-(1-1)

13 - Afghan Hounds 2-8-(2-1)

15 - Poodles (Standard) 7-8-(0-0)

1 - Tibetan Terriers 0-0-(1-0)

2 - Bichons Frises 0-1-(1-0)

6 - Lhasa Apsos 1-3-(1-1)

156 Total Dogs

 

RING ONE (INDOORS)

JUDGE: Mrs. Phyllis M. Wolfish

9:00 AM

7 - Miniature Pinschers 2-4-(1-0)

9 - Italian Greyhounds 3-6-(0-0)

2 - Chihuahuas (Smooth Coat) 0-1-(1-0)

3 - Chihuahuas (Long Coat) 1-1-(1-0)

5 - Brussels Griffons 1-3-(0-1)

10:00 AM

2 - Chinese Cresteds 0-1-(0-1)

5 - Papillons 2-1-(2-0)

7 - Japanese Chin 3-2-(2-0)

7 - Poodles (Toy) 4-3-(0-0)

4 - Silky Terriers 0-3-(1-0)

11:00 AM

1 - English Toy Spaniels (B & PC) 0-0-(1-0)

9 - Pekingese 3-3-(3-0)

8 - Cavalier King Charles Spaniels 2-4-(2-0)

11:45 AM

Lunch

12:30 PM

5 - Shih Tzu 2-2-(1-0)

6 - Pomeranians 2-3-(1-0)

7 - Havanese 3-3-(1-0)

7 - Yorkshire Terriers 4-2-(1-0)

8 - Maltese 4-3-(1-0)

124 Total Dogs

 

RING FIVE

JUDGE: Mrs. Phyllis M. Wolfish

8:00 AM

5 - Boston Terriers 3-2-(0-0)

17 - Siberian Huskies 4-8-(3-2)

See Ring 1 at 9:00 AM for balance of assignment.

RING FIVE

JUDGE: Mr. Michael H. Faulkner

9:00 AM

12 - Spinone Italianos 2-7-(2-1)

13 - Welsh Corgis (Pembroke) 3-10-(0-0)

10:00 AM

1 - Spaniels (Field) 1-0-(0-0)

1 - Spaniels (Welsh Springer) 0-0-(1-0)

1 - Collies (Smooth) 0-1-(0-0)

2 - Wirehaired Pointing Griffons 0-1-(1-0)

3 - Vizslas 0-3-(0-0)

7 - Weimaraners 3-4-(0-0)

10 - German Shepherd Dogs 4-5-(0-1)

11:00 AM

10 - Bearded Collies 3-4-(3-0)

15 - Shetland Sheepdogs 8-3-(2-2)

12:00 NOON

Lunch

12:45 PM

2 - Collies (Rough) 1-0-(1-0)

6 - Briards 3-2-(1-0)

17 - Spaniels (English Springer) 9-6-(2-0)

1:45 PM

Junior Showmanship Competition

6 - Novice Junior

4 - Novice Senior

3 - Open Junior

8 - Open Senior

131 Total Dogs

 

RING TWO

JUDGE: Mrs. Virginia S. Hampton

8:00 AM

1 - Bull Terriers (White) 1-0-(0-0)

9 - Rottweilers 5-3-(1-0)

15 - Boxers 8-5-(1-1)

9:00 AM

2 - Fox Terriers (Smooth) 2-0-(0-0)

3 - Cairn Terriers 0-3-(0-0)

10 - Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers 3-6-(0-1)

10 - Airedale Terriers 1-8-(1-0)

10:00 AM

1 - Giant Schnauzers 0-0-(1-0)

2 - Irish Terriers 0-0-(1-1)

4 - Kerry Blue Terriers 1-1-(2-0)

4 - Border Terriers 2-2-(0-0)

6 - Jack Russell Terriers 1-4-(0-1)

7 - Norwich Terriers 1-4-(1-1)

11:00 AM

1 - Portuguese Water Dogs 0-0-(0-1)

1 - Lakeland Terriers 0-0-(0-1)

1 - Australian Terriers 0-0-(1-0)

3 - West Highland White Terriers 1-2-(0-0)

6 - Fox Terriers (Wire) 3-3-(0-0)

6 - Norfolk Terriers 1-4-(1-0)

6 - Miniature Schnauzers 3-3-(0-0)

98 Total Dogs

 

RING SIX

JUDGE: Mr. Robert S. Forsyth

8:00 AM

9 - Pointers 3-4-(2-0)

11 - Retrievers (Flat-Coated) 4-5-(2-0)

10 - Retrievers (Labrador) 3-6-(0-1)

9:00 AM

2 - Setters (Gordon) 1-0-(1-0)

3 - Brittanys 2-0-(1-0)

5 - Spaniels (Cocker) A.S.C.O.B. 2-2-(1-0)

20 - Pointers (German Shorthaired) 5-8-(2-5)

10:00 AM

1 - Pointers (German Wirehaired) 0-1-(0-0)

7 - Spaniels (Cocker) Parti-Color 2-5-(0-0)

7 - Retrievers (Chesapeake Bay) 3-3-(1-0)

14 - Spaniels (Cocker) Black 5-8-(1-0)

21 - Retrievers (Golden) 11-9-(1-0)

110 Total Dogs

 

RING THREE

JUDGE: Dr. J. Donald Jones

8:00 AM

1 - St Bernards 0-0-(1-0)

2 - Bullmastiffs 0-0-(2-0)

5 - Akitas 1-3-(0-1)

11 - Newfoundlands 5-3-(3-0)

10 - Welsh Corgis (Cardigan) 4-4-(2-0)

9:00 AM

4 - Australian Cattle Dogs 1-1-(2-0)

4 - Great Pyrenees 0-2-(2-0)

5 - Belgian Tervuren 2-1-(1-1)

8 - Great Danes 5-2-(0-1)

15 - Doberman Pinschers 5-9-(1-0)

10:15 AM

1 - Pulik 0-0-(1-0)

7 - Samoyeds 1-3-(3-0)

11 - Australian Shepherds 5-5-(1-0)

12 - Bernese Mountain Dogs 3-6-(2-1)

12 - Bouviers des Flandres 2-8-(2-0)

7 - Alaskan Malamutes 4-1-(2-0)

5 - Old English Sheepdogs 0-5-(0-0)

120 Total Dogs

 

RING SEVEN

JUDGE: Mr. Daniel J. Hudson

8:00 AM

5 - Utility Class B Obedience Entries

Nos 12 16 22 27 29

8:50 AM

6 - Open Class A Obedience Entries

Nos 9 10 17 18 21 24

9:45 AM

4 - Novice Class B Obedience Entries

Nos 6 8 25 28

RING SEVEN

JUDGE: Mrs. Tamara Ann Brown

10:15 AM

2 - Utility Class A Obedience Entries

Nos 15 26

10:35 AM

4 - Open Class B Obedience Entries

Nos 12 16 27 29

11:10 AM

1 - Novice Class A Obedience Entries

Nos 23

 

RING TWO

12:45 PM Variety Groups and Best in Show

(The groups will be judged in the following order unless otherwise announced)

Terrier ......................................................................... Mrs. Virginia S. Hampton

Working ..................................................................... Dr. J. Donald Jones

Hound ....................................................................... Mr. Robert S. Forsyth

Herding ..................................................................... Dr. J. Donald Jones

Sporting .................................................................... Mr. Robert S. Forsyth

Toy .......................................................................... Mrs. Phyllis M. Wolfish

Non-Sporting ………………………………………................ Mrs. Robert S. Forsyth

Best in Show ………………………………………................ Mr. Michael H. Faulkner

JUDGES

Mrs. Tamara Ann Brown ....................................................................................... 4357 SR 503 N., Lewisburg, OH 45338

Mr. Michael H. Faulkner ........................................................ P.O. Box 208, 31553 Tidewater Trail, Center Cross, VA 22437

Mr. Robert S. Forsyth ............................................................................................ 700 Linden Rd., Pinehurst, NC 28374

Mrs. Robert S. Forsyth ........................................................................................... 700 Linden Rd., Pinehurst, NC 28374

Mrs. Virginia S. Hampton ..................................................................................... 500 E. Court St., Doylestown, PA 18901

Mr. Daniel J. Hudson ................................................................................................. 31721 Eiffel Dr., Warren, MI 48093

Dr. J. Donald Jones ................................................................................ 4810 Hampton Farms Drive, Marietta, GA 30068

Mrs. Phyllis M. Wolfish .............................................................................. 2 Sandringham Dr., Toronto, Ontario, CN M5M 3G3

 

IMPORTANT - TRANSFER of dogs from regular classes to Best of Breed/Variety Competition (Ch. 11 Section

6, AKC Rules) MUST be made to the Superintendent at least one half hour prior to the start of any regular

conformation judging at this show. TRANSFERS by Junior Handlers from Novice to Open Class MUST be

made to the Superintendent at least one half hour prior to the start of the scheduled start of Junior

Showmanship judging at the show. SUBSTITUTIONS of Junior Showmanship dogs must be made at least

one half hour prior to the judging of any Junior Showmanship classes at the show.

 

 

Attention Exhibitors

Show site will be available to exhibitors the night before each show but gates will be locked at midnight.

Electric Hookups available. All on a limited basis, first come, first served.

Parking - $3.00 per car.

Overnight camping - $12.00 per night.

No camping overnight after the Sunday Show.

In the event specified prizes are not available, prizes of equal value may be substituted.

No member of the Saginaw Valley Kennel Club, Inc. or members of their family will enter or exhibit

any dog owned or co-owned at this show.

Police will STRICTLY enforce the NO parking areas.

 

EQUIPMENT & SERVICE FURNISHED BY:

"Please feel free to come by and take a tour of

our Headquarters Office in NC any business

day Mon. thru Fri., 9:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M."

620 Industrial Ave.P.O. Box 22107Greensboro, NC 27420 • 336-379-9352

32351 Edward Ave.P.O. Box 9999Madison Hts., MI 48071 • 248-588-5000

FAX - 336-272-0864 • Internet Address http://www.infodog.com

E-Mail Address [email protected]

AMERICAN KENNEL CLUB ANNUALLY LICENSED SUPERINTENDENT

MB-F

SHOW

# 767

 

Accommodations

American Motel, 3915 3 Mile Rd., Bay City ................................................................ (989) 671-0071

Best Western, 6285 West Side Saginaw Rd., Bay City ................................................ (989) 686-0840

Econo Lodge, 2225 Tittabawassee, Saginaw .............................................................. (989) 791-1411

Holiday Inn, 1408 S. Outer Dr., Saginaw ...................................................................... (989) 755-0481

Holiday Inn, 501 Saginaw St., Bay City ........................................................................ (989) 892-3501

Red Roof Inn, I-75 & Holland Ave., Saginaw ................................................................ (989) 754-8414

Super 8 Motel, 9235 Birch Run Rd., Birch Run ............................................................ (989) 624-4440

These Hotels will accept dogs which must be properly controlled and crated. Deposits may be required.

We hope you will help us keep these accommodations by cleaning up after your dogs.

 

Directions to the Show

From East or West - Take I-69 then North on I-75 to M-25 East.

From North or South - Take I-75 to M-25, Bay City M-25 East to show grounds on East side of Bay City.

 

All RVs Must Be Self Contained. A Dump Station Is Available On Show Grounds.

No Sawdust, Shavings Etc. May Be Used In Private Exercise Pens.

No Parking Spaces May Be Reserved By Red Cones, Etc.

No set up until after 12:00 Noon on Friday.

 

ALL TROPHIES MUST BE PICKED UP THE DAY OF THE SHOW. NONE WILL BE SHIPPED.

 

At the discretion of the judge, the following breeds may be judged on a ramp: Clumber Spaniels,

Sussex Spaniels, Basset Hounds, Petits Bassets Griffons Vendeens, Whippets, Staffordshire Bull

Terriers & Bulldogs.

 

Ramps may be used in emergency situations to judge any breed. (In an emergency situation, an

exhibitor does have the option of withdrawing their entry and receiving a refund).

 

Veterinarian On Call & 24 Hour Animal Emergency Clinic

Bay Valley Animal Hospital

6015 West Side Saginaw Rd., Bay City, MI 48706 (989) 686-0703

 

NO PRACTICING ALLOWED IN RINGS AT ANY TIME.

 

Dogs May Arrive any time prior to their scheduled time of judging. Dogs not required for further judging

will be excused.

 

Judges Will Not Wait for Any Dog Holding Up a Class. Owners or agents alone are responsible for the

presence of their dogs in judging ring when their classes are called to be judged.

 

All Dogs Present must be held on leash or confined to their crates except when being judged or when in the

exercising ring.

 

No gasoline or diesel generators are permitted inside any building or within 100 feet of any tent in which this

dog show is conducted.

 

Entry Fees shall not be refunded in the event that a dog is absent, disqualified, excused by Veterinarian or

Judge, or barred from competition by action of Show Committee. If because of riots, civil disturbances or other

acts beyond the control of the management it is impossible to open or to complete the show, no refund of entry

fee will be made. Extreme weather conditions, such as, but not limited to snow storms, hurricanes, lightning,

extreme heat, must be considered for the health and safety of the dogs, exhibitors and spectators. The wellbeing

of dogs, exhibitors and spectators is of paramount importance and, in the event it is necessary to cancel

or stop the show before completion, no refund of entry fee will be made.

 

TABLE 6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States

United Kingdom

Canada

Geographical Area

9,629,091 sq km (about one-half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about one-half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; about two and one-half times the size of Western Europe)

244,820 sq km

(Slightly smaller than the US State of Oregon)

9,976,140 sq km

(Second largest country in the world, second only to Russia)

Population

278,058,881 (July 2001 est.)

59,647,790 (July 2001 est.)

31,592,805 (July 2001 est.)

Number of Events held

15,000+

700

 

Number of Titles Available

40

 

 

Number of Shows with Championship Points or Challenge Certificates Available

1,500

25 General Championship Shows (not all will offer challenge certificates for all breeds); 11 Group Championship shows; 1 Scottish Breeds show; and various Breed specific Championship Shows

 

Number of Pedigree Dogs Registered Annually

1,081,335 (down 300,000 from 1997 figures)

 

240,000

 

Number of Championships Awarded Annually

20,370 (1999 figures)

954 (1999 figures)

 

Number of Dogs Shown Annually

1,531,808 (1999 figures)

248,707 (figures not available from the KC; computed as shown below)

 

Percentage of Dogs Awarded Championships versus Dogs Shown

1.3%

1.0%

 

Championship Systems

15 Points Total won under three different judges and must include two majors (three to five points each) under two different judges; winner dogs and winner bitches can earn from 1-5 points per show

Three challenge certificates won under three different judges

10 points under three different judges

 

 

 

 

* Calculated by taking Three Counties Show figures (8,550 dogs entered), multiplying by 25 championship shows, adding in the average group size (1162) by the eleven group shows, adding in 800 for the Scottish breeds show, and another 21,375 for the various breed speciality shows (10% of the annual championship show figure). 

 

Table 7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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