BULL'S-EYE

- Targeting Lyme Disease -


Excerpts from Vol. 10.6, December, 2000



Cases: Diagnosing Without Thinking

By ABIGAIL ZUGER, M.D.
Oct-10-00 - New York Times

My friend Robert and his wife spent their summer in the demoralizing activity of second-guessing a doctor.

Some people make enjoyable careers of this practice, but most find it infuriating and depressing, especially when their own health is involved. The fact that, in the end, Robert and his wife turned out to be far better doctors than their doctor has only made them feel worse.

Both of them are sensible and generally healthy, the kind of people who know, as they enter their 50's, that they should find a regular doctor, but haven't gotten around to it quite yet.

Then, at the end of June, Robert got a rash.

They had never seen anything like it before � a smooth dark pink patch that started out in the groin and within a couple of days had spread down the inside of Robert's left thigh. It didn't itch and didn't hurt. If anything, the area felt numb.

After watching the patch get bigger and redder and angrier for a few days, Robert's wife decided something had to be done. Visions of flesh-eating strep and blood poisoning flashed through her mind. Robert, who was gardening and running four miles a day, felt his imminent demise was unlikely, but he was also a little worried.

It was a Saturday and the local medical offices were closed. They opened the phone book and found a practice in the next town that could see Robert in 45 minutes.

"Instantly upon seeing the rash, the doctor said it was jock itch," Robert said. It made perfect sense. "Hey, what am I if not a jock?" he said.

He left the office with a prescription for antifungal pills and cream, an appointment for a routine physical the following week, and the small, happy glow of having efficiently dealt with all his medical needs for years to come � and on a Saturday, too.

The glow was short-lived. His physical yielded not the clean bill of health he had expected, but different news. His blood showed highly abnormal liver enzyme levels, the doctor said. He should see a hematologist right away. A name and phone number were provided.

"Hematologist?" Robert's wife said that night. "Isn't that blood? Isn't liver something else?"

And so it began. The next day Robert's wife began to ask around. Hematologist was indeed blood. She looked up the antifungal pills Robert was taking in a reference book. Abnormal liver enzymes were listed as a possible side effect. Wouldn't it make more sense to recheck Robert's blood after the medication was out of his system, before getting involved with a specialist?

They never made the appointment. Instead, an anxious month later, Robert got another set of blood tests. His liver tests were back to normal. His rash had, meanwhile, melted away.

But the family's relief did not last long.

Within a few days Robert really did start to feel really sick. His neck hurt. His shoulders hurt. His collar bones hurt. His jaws hurt. He could barely chew. One of his legs began to feel strange.

Now they were really worried. Maybe he should have seen that specialist after all.

Cowed, Robert made another appointment with the doctor. After a quick exam, he was told he probably had a virus.

Could it be Lyme disease, Robert wondered aloud, suddenly remembering long sessions out pruning the shrubbery in a pair of skimpy running shorts.

Unlikely, he was told. Not at all typical. But we'll test you if you want.

Robert's test for Lyme disease was unequivocally positive.

Even so, it was a full two weeks later, with Labor Day over and his symptoms slowly subsiding on antibiotics, that his wife looked at him over the kitchen table and gasped. She suddenly knew what that long-vanished rash had really been.

Robert had had Lyme disease all along, from the rash of early infection to the joint pains and fatigue of established disease. And the whole thing could have been avoided if the doctor who was open on Saturdays had taken a moment to think.

A medical educator would have a field day analyzing this tale of missed signals, in which a board-certified practitioner � who, incidentally, did all his postgraduate training in parts of the East Coast crawling with Lyme � made every mistake in the book. He overtested, and undertested, overtreated and undertreated, and never bothered to slow down, read the chart, and think.

The moral of this story, the educator might conclude, is that we desperately need better medical schools. A patient advocate might say it argues instead for constant consumer vigilance; a Lyme activist would urge more Lyme awareness; a policy analyst more accessible urgent care.

Robert and his wife second all these proposals, though they are now little weary of the whole thing. They don't want to be their own doctors, train their own doctors or keep a constant wary eye on their doctors. They just want one who can think.



A Letter From a Dad

The following letter was submitted to be part of a collection of letters to NY congresspeople and the NY office of Professional Medical Conduct in support of doctors who are being investigated for long-term treatment of Lyme disease. Our thanks to Gordon for permission to print it here.

To Whom It May Concern;

On Christmas Eve of 1993 one of our sons drove home from an 11:00 P. M. church service. When we got to the side door of our home, he said, "Someone else will have to put the car away, I'm too dizzy". We live in Ohio and do not know when he became infected with Lyme Disease. It is obvious that he was not camping or hiking during that part of our year. He remembers that he had been camping at Mammoth Cave two summers before the first symptoms and that one of his feet started peeling after that. He feels that an infected tick may have infected him then. He may also have become infected when on an Inn-to-Inn bicycle vacation or on a young people's weekend retreat. Both of these occurred in Wisconsin the fall prior to his first indications of a problem.

Our son was diagnosed with Lyme at a clinic in Wisconsin a few months later. They treated him for 21 days with an intravenous antibiotic. At the end of that time he asked, "What do we do now?" They said there was nothing more to do and that he was cured of his Lyme Disease.

Within two months our son had regressed to his worst condition and the clinic would not examine him further. They claimed his problems had to be the result of something other than Lyme Disease. They told him to see his own doctors. He eventually learned of another doctor who was willing to take his case and had an excellent reputation for effectively treating Lyme patients. For eighteen months he flew to see this doctor who realized that each case of Lyme disease has to be treated individually. What works with one patient may not work for another.

We are distressed that a groups of doctors have tunnel vision and are so conceited that they feel it is my way or no way. If our son had had early signs of what his problem was, short-term use of oral or intravenous antibiotics would have cured him. That was not the case and long-term intravenous treatment was required. He has been symptom free now for over three years.

Sincerely yours,
Gordon B. Hall
North Ridgeville, Ohio



5M Study Cut Short

(The NIH has announced the curtailment of a $5 million study of chronic Lyme Disease which had been awarded in 1995. The study had been extended after 3 years because of difficulties getting subjects to participate. Ed.) Interim Analysis of NIAID Chronic Lyme Disease Treatment Studies Statement November 29, 2000

People with chronic Lyme disease report significant physical and cognitive problems related to their illness, yet many questions remain about the cause(s) and treatment of long-term symptoms. To help answer those questions, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), awarded a five-year contract to the New England Medical Center (principal investigator, Mark S. Klempner, M.D. and co-investigator Linden T. Hu, M.D.), New York Medical College (co-investigator Arthur Weinstein, M.D.) and Yale University (co-investigator Janine Evans, M.D.) to study how chronic Lyme disease develops and how to improve its treatment.

On November 14, the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB), an independent monitoring group of doctors and researchers from around the country, reviewed a planned interim analysis of data from two placebo-controlled drug trials under this contract. The trials were testing the safety and efficacy of intensive antibiotic treatment in people with Lyme disease who had developed chronic symptoms despite earlier treatment with antibiotics. The study compared treatment with 30 days of intravenous ceftriaxone followed by 60 days of oral doxycycline to treatment with intravenous placebo followed by oral placebo for the same duration. Both trials enrolled patients with a well-documented history of prior Lyme disease and used the same drug regimen. However, one trial enrolled only patients who had antibodies to the Lyme disease bacterium at the time of enrollment, whereas the other enrolled patients in whom such antibodies were not present at the time enrollment.

After its review, the DSMB unanimously recommended that NIAID terminate the treatment component of both trials. Their preliminary analysis showed no significant difference in the percentage of the patients who felt their symptoms had improved, gotten worse, or stayed the same between the antibiotic treatment and placebo groups in either trial. The DSMB review suggested there was only a slight chance a difference between the two groups would be found even with continued accrual of another 131 patients, the number needed to reach full enrollment. Therefore, the DSMB recommended that the treatment component of the studies stop enrolling new patients and that those currently receiving treatment discontinue that therapy. The DSMB further recommended that the investigators continue to follow the study patients to monitor their longer-term safety and to obtain additional information that may have value in determining the underlying basis of chronic Lyme disease.

The NIAID concurred with the DSMB and study investigators have been notifying participants of the board recommendations. Future directions of the study will be decided once these preliminary results are evaluated further.

Prepared by: Office of Communications and Public Liaison
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services



A War Over Lyme Disease

The debate about how to treat this illness has patients raging�and doctors losing their licenses

By David France
NEWSWEEK - 5 Nov 2000:

Nov. 13 issue � A few days before Halloween, a popular Long Island, N.Y., Lyme-disease specialist named Joseph Burrascano entered a state Health Department hearing room where one of medicine's rancorous academic disputes will be played out: how much antibiotics is too much when treating Lyme?

This is no mere intellectual inquiry. Burrascano is standing trial before the Office of Professional Medical Conduct on negligence charges for medicating some patients for several years on end. By next February he could be censured or even stripped of his medical license as a result.

Behind this drama is a seemingly simple problem that has balkanized the Hippocratic community. One side, which includes academics and insurance companies, says Lyme can be cured with just four weeks of antibiotics; much more than that is unwarranted, hard on gallbladders and costly besides. The other side, mostly doctors and their patients, says that in rare intractable cases the infection will require repeated or prolonged courses of antibiotics, costing up to $20,000. Both sides have won huge research grants and have published their studies in medical journals.

Other medical fields are marked by roiling disputes, like whether too many children are drugged for attention-deficit disorders. But as Robert Cassidy, director of biomedical ethics at Long Island Jewish Hospital in New York, puts it: "This is usually the sort of thing that is fought out at professional meetings, not by tearing off epaulettes in the parade ground."

Nonetheless, physicians who use antibiotics aggressively have been scrutinized in Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Oregon, at the urging of scientists from the other side of the dispute, advocates say. Several have lost their licenses. What is going on? Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal, for one, sees conflict of interest: some witnesses against these doctors may collect money from insurers, he says. "Our doctors are on tenterhooks," says Pat Smith, president of the Lyme Disease Association. "What have these people done outside of treating sick people for their Lyme disease?"

Burrascano is convinced his prosecution is entirely political, "about differences in opinion about treatment." As a published Lyme expert who has testified before Congress, Burrascano says he has treated some 7,000 people from 42 states and 11 countries. "I'm no country doc," he says. "It's not like I'm doing hocus-pocus." In their complaint, state investigators charged him with mistreating nine patients. But those patients side with their doctor. Ruth Giglio, 77, a retired schoolteacher who took several courses of antibiotics over a six-year illness, was surprised to learn her charts are evidence against Burrascano. "I totally agree with everything he did," she says. "I'm better, and that's thanks to Dr. B." So now it is she who ministers to the doctor�she plans to join other patients at a defense rally this week. "This is tantamount to a witch hunt as far as I'm concerned."



A Letter in Response...

Dear Mr. France,

I have to thank you for your fine article on the supposed Lyme "controversy". Reading the article was almost enough to make me cry.

It is incomprehensible how certain physicians are just so blind. I have had Lyme Disease for eight years.

According to the supposed "experts" at the center of this controversy I have been cured for most of that time and now have "post Lyme syndrome". Never mind that there is absolutely no evidence that "post Lyme syndrome" exists. Never mind that I have twice paid for culture tests and both times viable spirochetes were cultured from my blood. Never mind that my condition worsens every time treatment (oral antibiotics) is stopped. Never mind that my physician believes I have an infection with Borrelia Burgdorferi. Never mind a half dozen articles (in juried medical journals) that I have personally read that give ample evidence that chronic infection can occur (not to mention many other articles I have not read).

Never mind, the dogma says it is all in my head. And the physician I travel over 4 hours (round trip) to visit every month is a quack and must have his license revoked. Presumably the theory is that I should be locked up in a mental institution as a malingerer. Oh, I guess not, I have an imaginary incurable disease: Post Lyme Syndrome. Since this is an imaginary disease, there is no known cure. Perhaps a fairy could cure me with her magic wand. My symptoms couldn't possibly have any relation to the fact I was infected with a poorly understood bacteria. "Everyone knows" that antibiotics are perfect and never fail.

Thanks again for the fine article. Once again the press proves itself as being less biased (and more factual) than the "medical experts".

Rolf Taylor
East Cleveland, OH
(Originally infected in Westchester NY)



Patients And Colleagues Rally To Doctor's Defense

By Nancy Hyden Woodward
East Hampton Independent - Nov. 15, 2000

Yesterday, Dr. Joseph Burrascano attended the third in a series of hearings before the Office of Professional Medical Conduct which oversees medical licenses in New York State. He has been charged with medical negligence for allegedly oversubscribing antibiotics to Lyme Disease patients.

Last Thursday afternoon, an estimated 700 Lyme Disease sufferers from across the country converged on Manhattan to show their support for the man whom they call their medical savior and whom many others consider the leading authority on long-term treatment of Lyme Disease.

Standing in Grand Army Plaza on Fifth Avenue, they heard several Burrascano patients recount their lives before he came into them, representatives of two national Lyme organizations giving their unqualified support, and a series of statements read or spoken by doctors, lawyers, and politicians.

Steps away, inside the Plaza Hotel, reporters interviewed six patients whose medical files were lifted from Dr. Burrascano's office without their permission. Two longtime LD sufferers planned the rally from bed in their respective homes. Diane Leary, the event's emcee and a Burrascano patient who lives in Babylon, spent last weekend in bed. "It was worth the effort," she said yesterday. "Without Dr. Burrascano, I wouldn't be here today."

Everyday Suffering

Leary's statement echoes those that have been made by countless Burrascano patients around the world. They credit the East Hampton specialist with saving their lives and restoring day-to-day function to almost normal. Some of their testaments can be read on the Internet. Just type in Dr. Burrascano's last name and click the search button.

In separate interviews with The Independent, Lisa Brown of East Hampton and Leary recounted similar stories: years of misdiagnosis, intense everyday suffering from blinding headaches, crippling muscular/skeletal pain, nausea, vertigo, and long, long periods confined to bed. Leary called LD a "lonely disease. Everyone else goes out and you stay home in bed, barely able to move, unable to get up alone." "I would not be alive today were it not for Dr. Burrascano," Brown told The Independent. "He saved my life."

The OPMC remains unimpressed by the many letters of support for Dr. Burrascano. Although all the letters that were directed specifically to Gov. George Pataki remain unanswered, OPMC did respond to one from Senator Daniel Patrick Moynahan. Those who have seen a copy of the OPMC letter called it the ultimate insult to Dr. Burrascano. In so many words, it indicated that the investigating office was ignoring the many letters received because it follows the American Lyme Disease Foundation protocol.

The ALDF and its legion of supporters, including Boston's Dr. Allen Steere, who identified the disease in 1975, adhere to a treatment regimen of two to four-weeks' worth of antibiotics. They claim that treatment beyond that period is overkill, damaging to the immune system, and no more conducive than catering to malingerers. "In other words," Dr. Burrascano wrote in a "Lyme Update 2000," "the reality and truth of Lyme, supported by valid, peer-reviewed publications and our experience with thousands of patients, counts for nothing."

Threat of Investigation

Dr. Burrascano is not the first doctor to suffer OPMC scrutiny for their long-term treatment of LD patients. Representing several doctors, an attorney who spoke at the rally said that treating LD patients almost guarantees an investigation will follow. The threat of investigation and the high financial cost that a defense will incur weighs heavily on doctors with LD patients. Common belief states that the fear will lead doctors to stop treating LD patients or refuse to prescribe medicine beyond the alleged normal cutoff date.

"This is a threat to our own lives," Brown said. "Without my treatment, I will be bedridden and in indescribable pain again. I can't live that way."

Assemblyman Fred Thiele did not fare much better than Dr. Burrascano supporters did in their letter-writing campaign to the Governor. A letter he wrote to the Governor last March went unanswered for two months, then came a response from the Department of Health underscoring the need to investigate all complaints. A second letter, written October 12, in which Thiele pointed out the numbers of patients who come to Dr. Burrascano from around the globe, brought a quicker response from the Health Department. In his October 31 letter which found its way to Thiele's Bridgehampton office yesterday, Wayne Osten, director of the Office of Health Systems Management, sounded a note that could be interpreted as a possible step backward from OPMC's aggressive investigation to date. Osten noted that the department "clearly recognizes" that equally qualified experts may render dissenting opinions on the same set of facts. In the case of LD specifically, Osten admitted that different schools of thought exist on long-term antibiotic treatment of chronic LD.

Osten wrote that the process provides for the physician under investigation to present expert medical testimony for consideration by the board, and that the hearing committee is under no obligation to take disciplinary action simply because a case was brought forward. He said that while his department does not have specific guidelines for the treatment of LD, it refers medical providers to peer-reviewed guidelines and scientific literature for information on treatment. The National Institutes of Health is sponsoring clinical studies to understand the cause of continuing symptoms of the disease in some patients and how best to treat them.

Seven years ago, Dr. Burrascano testified before Congress on then-current problems in the LD field. Some people are of the opinion that his testimony prompted the investigation. Dr. Burrascano referred to a "Lyme Disease conspiracy" within a core group of university-based researchers and physicians whose opinions carry considerable weight. He questioned their ethics, their use of "outdated, self-serving views," and their publication of articles "that are badly flawed."

"This group," he continued, "promotes the idea that Lyme is a simple, rare illness.... The truth is that Lyme is the fastest growing infectious illness in this country that often goes undiagnosed for months, years, or forever." Coming fast on the heels of AIDS, insurance companies are said to have been loath to underwrite any more long-term prescriptions. There also are allegations that some doctors were paid to promote short-term LD treatment. The OPMC did not respond to a query. An insurance agent in another state would only say that health insurance "is an individual matter."




Quote of the Month

"There is only one cardinal rule: one must always LISTEN to the patient."
Dr. Oliver Sacks, neurologist and author






Enzootic Transmission of Babesia Divergens
in Cottontail Rabbits on Nantucket Island

Goethert HK Telford SR,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA,

The cotransmission of guilds of microorganisms between ixodid ticks and their hosts appears to be a common theme worldwide. Ticks related to Ixodes persulcatus, for example, may simultaneously maintain borreliae, babesiae, ehrlichiae, and flaviviruses in sigmodontine rodents in many sites. On Nantucket Island, we have previously demonstrated the maintenance of Borrelia andersoni and Ehrlichia bovis in cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), and now describe the presence of a third guild member. DNA was extracted from spleens and whole blood from rabbits shot during 1998-2000, and analysed by PCR (18S rDNA target). Of 55 rabbits, 3.6% (95% CI 0-8.5%) were infected by Babesia microti, known to be intensely zoonotic in this site. Another 27.3% (95% CI 15.5-39.1%) yielded amplification products that differed by 1 bp (of 364 bp sequenced) from a B. divergens sequence accessioned in GenBank. Parasites typical for B. divergens morphology were detected in 2 rabbits, one each from blood and from splenic impression smear. Ticks collected from these rabbits were pooled in groups of 6 by species and stage, and similarly analyzed. Of 8 pools of subadult I. dammini, 2.1% (minimum infection rate, MIR; 95% CI 0-12%) were infected by B. divergens; of 36 pools of adult and subadult Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, 0.46% were similarly infected (MIR 95% CI 0-2.7%); and of 45 pools of adult and subadult I. dentatus 1.5% (MIR 95% CI 0-5.0%) were infected. Solely I. dammini yielded sequences of B. microti (4.2%; MIR 95% CI 0-18%). This report comprises the first unequivocal evidence for enzootic B. divergens in North America. Although this agent causes severe babesiosis in immunocompromised residents of Europe, the public health significance of enzootic B. divergens transmission on Nantucket remains to be described.



Sudden Psychoses Could Point to Lyme

By Pat Curry
HealthScout Reporter

FRIDAY, Nov. 17 (HealthScout) -- The young man went to see a psychiatrist after he'd picked up a friend and thrown him down a flight of stairs. At work, he'd slammed a co-worker against a wall. He'd never had these kinds of aggressive outbursts before and was genuinely frightened by his behavior.

But the psychiatrist, Dr. Brian Fallon, an associate professor of psychiatry at Columbia University, noticed something else. Six months earlier, the man had complained of having trouble putting his words together. Diagnosis: Lyme disease.

"He had a classic case of Lyme disease," says Fallon, who also is director of the Lyme Disease Research Program at the New York State Psychiatric Institute.

Caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium and transmitted by tiny deer ticks, Lyme disease has been reported in nearly every state and throughout Europe and Asia. It begins as a skin rash, and early symptoms often are flu-like, including fatigue, headache, fever, muscle stiffness and joint pain.

But if not treated early, Lyme disease can attack the central nervous system and produce a variety of psychiatric disorders, "from depression to full-blown psychosis," Fallon says.

"Panic attacks or new onset irritability, insomnia, concentration problems and depression, or what may look like depression, may actually be undiagnosed Lyme disease," he says.

That's why it's called "The Great Imitator," Fallon says: Lyme disease symptoms are similar to those of a host of other medical conditions. And that's also why a psychiatrist can be important in diagnosing the disease, he says. Fallon discussed his work at an American Psychiatric Association meeting a few weeks ago.

"Psychiatrists can be very helpful," he says. "We know what panic attacks and depression look like. If a patient also has numbness and tingling, migrating joint pains and a hard time finding the words to say what they want to say -- instead of 'convertible,' they might say 'a car without a roof on it' -- that's classic in Lyme disease, but you don't typically see it with depression."

Plus, the standard blood tests for Lyme disease have a significant rate of both false positives and negatives, he says, creating a significant number of misdiagnoses.

Dr. Edward Truemper, director of pediatric intensive care at the Clute Barrow Nelson Children's Center at St. Mary's Hospital in Athens, Ga., says he's seen enough Lyme disease with neuropsychiatric features -- from seizures to altered mental status -- to always ask where a younger patient lives and plays, and whether the child has pets.

"The ticks for Lyme disease are on deer, dogs and cats," Truemper says. "If [pets] get into the woods, or you're just in your yard and you've got deer, squirrels or any species with fur, the chances of ticks are very real."

"When you don't have an explanation with a person with neurologic or psychiatric symptoms, you need to not say it's all in their head," he says. "There may be an underlying organic illness, and one of those we're seeing more and more is Lyme disease. We may not be able to diagnose, but we put them on the antibiotic, and they get better."

Most people do respond well to the standard treatment, which is four to six weeks of intravenous antibiotic therapy, experts say. And sometimes the results are startling, Fallon says.

"There are cases of people I've met with full-blown dementia that was reversed with appropriate medication," Fallon says.



Debate rages over Lyme treatment Doctors,
patients divided on therapy for tick-borne disease

By Lynda Carroll (Special To MSNBC)
Philadelphia. Nov. 1 �

Demonstrators invaded the normally staid and studious atmosphere of a national medical meeting here Wednesday, carrying placards and doling out leaflets intended to refute the teachings of a prominent Lyme disease expert. The focus of their ire was Dr. Alan Steere, a renowned rheumatologist who originally linked the disease with tick bites and named it after the town in Connecticut where it was discovered. Steere has become a lightning rod for angry patients who feel that his prominence has given his opinion more weight in the ongoing medical debate over whether Lyme is over- or under-treated. He, along with many physicians, supports a short-term course of antibiotics while other doctors disagree, saying that patients may need months, sometimes years, of treatment.

At the annual meeting of the American College of Rheumatology, dozens of patients gathered around the front door of the conference center, where they could catch doctors drifting out for lunch. They said they were holding a "teach-out" to counter what Steere told rheumatologists inside the building in a morning session in which he had promised to teach "How to treat and diagnose Lyme disease." Steere is a researcher at the Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston.

Ongoing debate

The demonstration is the latest salvo in an unusually acrimonious academic argument. Patients say they are caught in the middle, that they have trouble getting proper care and that insurance companies are loathe to pay the high price of long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy when leading experts like Steere say that such treatments are completely unnecessary.

Patients are particularly incensed by Steere's involvement in the malpractice investigation of Dr. Joseph Natole of Saginaw, Mich., who had been treating Lyme patients with intravenous antibiotics. Steere testified against the Michigan doctor, and Natole lost his medical license for six months.

Patients decided to fight back, by protesting against Steere when he makes public appearances and by filing complaints against him in his home state of Massachusetts. One of the Lyme support groups has been encouraging disgruntled Steere patients to file complaints with the state's medical board. Thus far, the medical board has received more than 50 complaint letters concerning Steere, according to the Massachusetts Lyme Disease Coalition.

As the patient groups have become increasingly vocal, Steere has become more reclusive. He has refused press interviews, including interview requests for this article.

Outside the meeting, patients talked about why they were targeting Steere in particular. "He has been the most public," said Susan MacNamee, 43, of Perkasie, Pa. "He's the most well known. He even discovered it. So doctors believe what he says."

Others suggested that Steere's vocal opposition to long-term antibiotics have led insurance companies to refuse payment for these treatments. "When he stands up and says we all are cured after four weeks of antibiotics, we can't get treatment," says Gail Wallin, 50, of Holland, Pa.



Lyme disease dangers in Texas

By Mary Ann Roser American-Statesman Staff Thursday, November 16, 2000

Lyme disease�the illness that gets no respect�is on the verge of being taken seriously in Texas.

A recent report by a legislative committee says Texans are at risk of getting the disease from blood-sucking ticks, and those who do catch it are not receiving adequate care. Too many doctors think Lyme, more prominent in the Northeast, can't happen here, and many patients are forced to search elsewhere for treatment.

The report recommends that Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses be the target of massive education and prevention efforts, some of which already are under way. Those recommendations were unveiled at the Capitol on Wednesday during a forum on tick-borne diseases.

For years, patients in Texas have complained they were misdiagnosed, mistreated and turned away by doctors who know little about Lyme. Few doctors in Texas and elsewhere have been willing to treat long-term sufferers because of criticism and even ostracism by medical boards and other physicians. They are responding to critics who contend two or three weeks of antibiotics are sufficient. But many Lyme disease patients find they get sicker as soon as the drugs stop.

Some doctors say insurance companies discourage long-term treatment because of the cost. About 50 physicians nationally have been investigated or disciplined, mainly because of long-term prescriptions of antibiotics.

"It's become more of a political discussion than a medical discussion," said Dr. Audrey Stein Goldings of Dallas. "It's hard to believe something the size of the head of a pin can cause so much trouble and so much controversy." Stein Goldings spoke on a panel Wednesday at the invitation of the Senate Administration Committee, which produced the report. "Doctors don't like dealing with something they're not familiar with," Stein Goldings told an audience of 35.

Dr. Joseph Burrascano of East Hampton, N.Y., who treated some Lyme patients from Texas, is now fighting misconduct charges. Dr. Hamid Moayad of Fort Worth was disciplined in 1997 for his treatment of Lyme disease patients, and although the restrictions on his medical license were lifted a year later, he no longer will treat Lyme patients with chronic pain, he said.

Lt. Gov. Rick Perry directed the Senate Administration Committee to review Lyme and other tick-transmitted diseases, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever, because of complaints from Lyme disease patients. The committee is chaired by state Sen. Chris Harris, an Arlington Republican whose Lyme disease went undiagnosed for years because doctors, including those at the Mayo Clinic, did not know what was causing his severe pain and the damage to his heart. It wasn't until Harris' dog died of Lyme that the vet figured out what was ailing the senator.

Harris' committee is recommending that the state beef up education efforts, encourage medical schools to teach about Lyme and develop a research and diagnostic center at the University of North Texas Health Science Center.

"The rate of occurrence of tick-borne illnesses in the U.S. has increased dramatically over the last few years," the report said. "This growth is second only to AIDS/HIV among infectious diseases."

Between 1990 and 1999, the state received reports of 2,039 possible cases of Lyme disease, said Julie Rawlings, an official with the Texas Department of Health. That could be the tip of the iceberg because many doctors don't know they are required to report it.

Pat Ricks, an Austin novelist who got Lyme disease in Mexico in 1996 along with her husband and their two children, said the family has lived a nightmare. The Ricks' could not find anyone in Austin to treat them for their long-term ailments and ultimately traveled to Dallas to get help from Stein Goldings. Virginia Ricks, who was 15 at the time, was hit hardest and had to drop out of high school for 1 � years. She lost her friends and was on antibiotics for three years. She's now well and in college. Her brother, Ian, had headaches and memory problems. Pat Ricks and her husband, Tom, had severe aches and fatigue.

"There were times when I would be in the bathtub and I would be afraid I wouldn't be able to get out," Pat Ricks said. "You're sick throughout your whole body. . . . It completely consumes your life."

Early diagnosis is critical, Stein Goldings said, but no test is 100 percent reliable. Harris' committee hopes the North Texas center will be able to develop a foolproof test.

If not treated early, the disease is hard to manage and can cause permanent damage. "Generally, by the time I see people," Stein Goldings said, "they're in a heap of trouble."



LDF's Midwestern Task Force Initiates Major Illinois Lyme Legislation

The Lyme Disease Foundation's (LDF) Midwest Task Force, Illinois State Senator Kathy Parker (R-Northbrook) and State Representative Larry Mckeon (D-Chicago) recently made major strides to combat Lyme disease in the state.

The two Lawmakers sponsored Senate Bill 1510, which was approved this spring by the General Assembly and recently signed it into law by Governor George Ryan. The new law directs the Illinois Department of Public Health to track the disease and the medical issues surrounding it, and report back to the General Assembly by Jan. 1, 2002.

In addition to a comprehensive analysis of Lyme disease, the bill calls for the Department of Health to establish policies, procedures, standards, and criteria for the collection, maintenance, and exchange of medical information necessary for the identification of Lyme disease.



F. Y. I.

A GCLDSG regional meeting for patients and families in North Canton occurred on a snowy, icy evening in late November. Needless to say, attendance was few, but those attending were enthusiastic about further meetings.




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