Lisa Cheby

          EPC496S

Summer 2004

Quiz #3

Test for Chapters 3-5

Total points: 50 points

 

Multiple Choice (1 point each)

1.     Which developmental factor in preschool children effects skills such as handwriting or tying shoes?

a.      small muscle development

b.     large muscle development

c.      cognitive development

d.     hand-eye coordination

2.     The knowledge and skills related to reading that children usually develop from experience with books and other print media before formal reading instruction begins is

a.      whole language

b.     osmosis

c.      oral language

d.     emergent literacy

3.     Two children are playing in the classroom. One is playing with trucks, the other with blocks.  The student with the cars gives one car to the student with blocks to park in the garage he made.  The student with the blocks gives some for the other to make obstacles for her cars.   At times, they may take turns driving the cars through the obstacle course.  This an example of:

a.      parallel play

b.     cooperative play

c.      associative play

d.     prosocial play

4.     For elementary students, designing lessons that allow students to achieve and be successful in a variety of tasks, especially in tasks requiring oral language or social skills, assists students in developing their

a.      self-concept

b.     use of concrete operations

c.      self-esteem

d.     a and c

5.     Lesson plans that ask students to think about their identity and to explore ways of self definition taps into the adolescence development of

a.      reflectivity

b.     emotional disorders

c.      relationships with peers

d.     puberty

6.     The most significant obstacle for students from lower socioeconomic status in public schools is

a.      the inconsistency between expectations in the home and in school

b.     language

c.      lack of money for pens, pencils, and paper

d.     under-representation

7.     A person’s identification with a group based on language, history, attitudes, and traditions is

a.      self-image

b.     race

c.      ethnicity

d.     a minority group

8.     Two reasons students from under-represented groups lag in achievement are

a.      they tend to come from lower economic classes and they lack motivation

b.     they tend to come from lower economic classes and their parents don’t care if they graduate

c.      they come from cultural backgrounds which are inconsistent with a middle class education and they tend to come from lower economic classes

d.     they come from cultural backgrounds which are inconsistent with a middle class education and do not try to really learn English

9.     A major cause of the failure of desegregation in public schools is

a.      refusal to redraw districts

b.     residential segregation

c.      minorities refuse to go to predominantly white schools

d.     lack of school buses

10. A language minority is

a.      a language spoken by less than 20% of the population

b.     a language spoke by less than 50% of the population

c.      a native speaker of any language other than English

d.     b and c

11. Elements of bilingual education includes all except

a.      teaching students in their native language

b.     teaching students in English

c.      sink or swim

d.     dual immersion

12. Including cooperative learning in a school with a large population of Mexican American students is primarily an example of using

a.      empowering school culture

b.     content integration

c.      multiple intelligences

d.     equity pedagogy

13. The first step in multicultural education is

a.      learning about the diverse cultures of the students and evaluating school programs and materials for any bias

b.     including books with a variety of cultural perspectives

c.      reducing prejudice between students

d.     equity pedagogy

14. Differences in performance between males and females is due mostly to

a.      chemical differences in the brain

b.     socioeconomic status

c.      different cultural expectations or norms

d.     boys are louder than girls

15. Having students design a soundtrack for a novel and a poster to sell the novel utilize which of Gardner’s multiple intelligences

a.      musical and interpersonal

b.     spatial and linguistic

c.      Kinesthetic and spatial

d.     spatial and musical

16. Cooperative groups are important in accommodating which learning style:

a.      field independent

b.     aptitude-treatment

c.      field dependent

d.     naturalist

17. An intentional teacher accommodates student diversity by

a.      creating plans to work with other parents and teachers to support student learning

b.     drawing from students’ backgrounds to help students interpret new material

c.      allowing students to choose ways to participate that coincide with their learning styles

d.     all of the above

18. Using pleasant or unpleasant consequences to control the occurrence of a behavior is

a.      the Skinner box theory

b.     classical conditioning

c.      operant conditioning

d.     unconditioned response theory

19.  Only half the class turns in their homework on a regular basis.  In order to get the entire class to turn in their homework, which would be the BEST set of consequences to try to encourage all students to turn in work:

a.      Positive reinforcement for those who turn in their work; no reinforcement for those who do not

b.     Negative reinforcement for those who turn in their work; Positive reinforcement for those who do not

c.      Positive reinforcement for those who turn in their work; removal punishment for those who do not (i.e. not using computers)

d.     No reinforcement for those who turn in their work; negative reinforcement for those who do not

20.  In order to get students to raise their hands and wait quietly until called on, you should

a.      acknowledge all good comments

b.     ignore students who call out, regardless of if they are answering your questions or not

c.      ignore students for a while, but then acknowledge their answers if they get louder and more persistent

d.     ignore all students who call out for as long as it takes for the class to learn to raise their hands

21.  Shaping is a valuable tool in behavior control and in increasing student performance.  Shaping calls for

a.      modeling tasks until student can do them on their own

b.     hinting to students what you want them to do until they can discover the task on their own

c.      reinforcing students at each step on the way to a larger goal

d.     giving students a rubric and then only grading the final product

22. Several students regularly forget their books.  At first, wanting them to have the material for class, you let them go to their lockers to get the books.  However, you realize it is disruptive and they are taking advantage of your leniency.  To change this behavior, you would use

a.      extinction

b.     fixed-ratio schedule

c.      send the students to the counselors for being unprepared

d.     maintenance

23. Collaboration between teachers so that concepts and behaviors are duplicated in various classes and across disciplines helps students with

a.      maintenance

b.     multi-tasking

c.       generalization

d.     shaping

24. The four features of observational learning, according to Bandura, are

a.      attentional, retention, operational, motivational

b.     prosocial, attentional, retention, motivational

c.      attentional, retention, socioemotional, motivational

d.     attentional, retention, reproduction, motivational

 

True False  ( 1 Point Each)

25. Preschool children should be taught a lot of grammar because it is important for them to have a lot of rules to develop language.

a.      True

b.     False

26. Since language acquisition is dependent on an innate capacity to recognize language patterns, whether words or signs, language is not dependent on speech. 

a.      True

b.     False

27. Early intervention programs are programs for all socioeconomic classes designed to help children develop psychosocial and cognitive skills needed to be successful in school.

a.      True

b.     False

28. In high school, the most critical aspect of their socioemotional development is that their relationships with teachers and peers overrides their relationship with their parents

a.      True

b.     False

29. In low-income communities, crime, lack of health services, and lack of role models take resources from other programs or materials that could help increase student achievement.

a.      True

b.     False

30. In order to ease students’ conflicts with gender biases, teachers should take into consideration a student’s gender when assigning roles or tasks in the classroom.

a.      True

b.     False

31. Binet created tests to prove that intelligence is a single thing that could not be changed.

a.      True

b.     False

32. Spearman continued Binet’s work and proposed that a general intelligence factor, ‘g’, existed across all tasks, even if performance fluctuated.

a.      True

b.     False

33. Both behavioral learning theories and cognitive learning theories seek to explain mental processes.

a.      True

b.     False

34. Reinforcement which happens immediately after an action is always more effective than one that happens much later.

a.      True

b.     False

35. It is ok to take your time grading student work as the amount of time between them doing the assignment and your feedback is irrelevant to their learning.

a.      True

b.     False

36. It is a foolproof idea to use the highest level of reinforcement for all behaviors – that way, you get the behavior you want immediately.

a.      True

b.     False

37. One way to increase self-reinforcement and regulation is to gradually increase reinforcement ratios, first reinforcing every correct answer then removing reinforcements until students are able to complete a project independently.

a.      True

b.     False

38. A student’s belief that his/her own efforts matter, or self-efficacy, is a major factor in determining a student’s success in school.

a.      True

b.     False




Short constructed response (4 points each):

39.  Describe Meichenbaum’s steps to self-instruction.  Provide practical applications or examples of what these steps look like in the classroom.

 

40. Your aim for the new school year is to have a discipline plan which is integrated into your instruction so that you do not have to take a lot of time and energy to deal with discipline problems.  You also want to increase student production and participation.  Explain ways that you may target typical behavior problems with various types of reinforcement in your lesson plans.

 

41. You and a teacher from another discipline are working to develop a unit on Native Americans and their relationship to the natural world.  You want to hit all 8 of the multiple intelligences.  List activities you could include in this lesson.

Nice job with the test.  Thanks for the big font, it does help me out when reading all of these.

Good mixture of T/F and MC, both very well worded and constructed.

Like the essay questions 40 and 41, not too sure about 39.

 

25/25
Answer Key:

  1. A
  2. D
  3. C
  4. D
  5. A
  6. A
  7. C
  8. C
  9. B
  10. C
  11. C
  12. D
  13. A
  14. C
  15. D
  16. C
  17. D
  18. C
  19. C
  20. D
  21. C
  22. A
  23. C
  24. D
  25. B
  26. A
  27. B
  28. B
  29. A
  30. B
  31. B
  32. A
  33. B
  34. A
  35. B
  36. B
  37. A
  38. A

Scoring for essays
4:  has all elements and clearly understands concepts
3:  has most elements and understands concepts

2:  has some elements and/or vague understanding of concepts
1:  has a few elements and is familiar with, but does not understand concepts

  1.  
    1. adult models cognitive tasks by talking out loud (i.e. read aloud)
    2. child performs task with adult guidance (i.e. reading aloud with student giving cues for cognitive steps)
    3. child talks to self aloud while performing task (i.e. read aloud to self)
    4. child whispers to self while performing task (i.e. reads quietly to self or mouths words as reads)
    5. child performs task with private speech only (i.e. silent reading)
  2.  Have clear expectations and communicate expected behavior then give positive reinforcement for that behavior early in the year; include small steps between evaluations to give students lots of chances for praise; create a schedule so that reinforcement will closely and consistently follow behaviors; have chances for fun/extra credit for those who meet expectations in a timely manner; include methods for self-evaluation; allow time for students to have one-on-one attention/ guidance from the teacher; be sure grades are accessible and fairly reflect student work; reward extra good work and behavior with privileges; create assignments that will be personally rewarding to students (that allow for personal connections and growth) to increase intrinsic reinforcers.
  3.  
    1. logical/mathematical:  statistics; gathering,  sorting, classifying info.
    2. linguistic:  writing and speaking activities – poetry or essays
    3. musical:  creating original music; researching and analyzing music; music of nature.
    4. naturalist: N.A. view and treatment of nature vs. mainstream American’s; value of each; compare/contrast of each; identify current environmental problems and possible solutions
    5. spatial:  maps; artwork; graphic displays of information; illustrated poems or narratives; brochures or visual presentations
    6. bodily/kinesthetic:  theater activities; service activities
    7. interpersonal: group projects; interviews
    8. intrapersonal: reflections; journals; individual writing/ reading

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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