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GS 142:

Quiz

Question

A relatively small proportion of precipitation ends up flowing as river water because

a. most of it slowly flows overland in very tiny, poorly defined

channels.

b. most of it soaks into the ground to become part of the water table.

c. much of it evaporates or is used by plants and transpired back into the atmosphere.

d. most of it is held indefinitely near the surface as soil moisture.

Question

The m

ain processes or work that rivers accomplish are to

a. erode, feed water into the ground and deposit sediment.

b. erode, transport sediment and feed water into the ground

c. transport and deposit sediment and feed water into the ground.

d. erode, transpor

t and deposit sediment.

Question

The speed or velocity of a river is affected by the river's

a. slope, channel shape and dissolving ability.

b. slope, roughness of the channel and discharge.

c. channel shape, roughness and dissolving ability.

d. channe

l shape, roughness and abrasive ability.

Question

The characteristic of a river that usually increases downstream is (assume that the river does

not flow into an arid region downstream and it is not used for irrigation)

a. roughness.

b. discharge.

dissolving ability.

d. abrasiveness.

Question

If the velocity of a river increases, which of the following is always true ?

a. The river's tendency to erode increases and its tendency to deposit sediment decreases.

b. The roughness of the river's

channel had to decrease.

c. The slope of the river's channel had to increase.

d. An increase in discharge is always the reason.

Question

The three main methods by which rivers erode are:

a. dissolution (dissolving), abrasion and braiding.

b. dissol

ution (dissolving), abrasion and scouring.

c. dissolution (dissolving), abrasion and hydraulic action.

d. hydraulic action, abrasion and scouring.

Question

The method(s) of erosion that is/are most dependent upon the turbulence of the river is/are

a. a

brasion and braiding.

b. abrasion and dissolving.

c. dissolution and braiding.

d. hydraulic action.

Question

Sediment is transported in several ways which include a bedload of

a. finer particles and a dissolved load of clay and silt.

b. coarser

particles and a suspended load of clay and silt.

c. coarser particles and dissolved load of clay and silt.

d. finer particles and a suspended load of essentially invisible particles.

Question

The development of a bar in or along a river may indicate

an increase in discharge

b. an increase in velocity.

c. a decrease in velocity.

d. an increase in the dissolved load.

Question

Choose the correct statement concerning meander bends.

a. Erosion occurs on the outside, creating cut banks, deposition on

the inside to give point

bars.

b. Deposition occurs on the outside, creating cut banks, erosion on the inside to give point

bars.

c. Deposition occurs on the outside, creating point bars, erosion on the inside to give cut

banks.

d. Erosion occurs on the o

utside, creating point bars, deposition on the inside to give cut

banks.

Question

Meander bends continually

a. become wider.

b. become narrower.

c. change size and position.

d. form the exact same shape.

Question

Which of the following is the

least likely to be true concerning natural levees?

a. They are low ridges along the edge of a river.

b. They are formed by floods.

c. They protect nearby areas during low floods.

d. They are eroded and rebuilt every year.

Question

Choose the incorrect

response concerning flood plains. A flood plain can be thought of as part

of the river channel because

a. This is where rivers store discharge during times of flood.

b. This is where rivers store sediment.

c. The river has flowed over this area in the pas

t and it will again in the future.

d. Without dams the flood plain would be covered with water most of the time.

Question

Rivers attempt to reach a balance between erosion and ___?___ .

This means that if the

a. discharge;... river's load increases,

the river will be able to erode.

b. deposition;... river's load decreases, the river will be able to erode.

c. deposition;... river deposits sediment, it will also erode in the same place.

d. discharge;... river's load increases, then deposition will also

increase.

Question

Which is not an effect of dikes or rivers?

a. They narrow the channel which increases the velocity of flow.

b. They increase the velocity of flow which inhibits navigation.

c. They narrow the channel which causes scouring of the

channel.

d. They increase the velocity of flow which increases deposition

Question

Often there is a close connection between a river and its valley. This is because usually the

a. valley existed first and captured the river.

b. valley guides the

direction of the river.

c. river has cut the valley downward and mass wasting has widened it.

d. flow of the river alone is responsible for the size and shape of the valley.

Question

The depth to which a river can erode is called the

a. thalweg and

its maximum is dependent upon the river's discharge.

b. base level and its maximum is sea level.

c. base level and its maximum is dependent upon the river's velocity.

d. thalweg and its ultimate depth is dependent upon the river's velocity.

Question

haracteristics of a river

valley system classified as old age would include

a. a well

developed flood plain that is near base level.

b. the river expending some of its energy side to side but most downward.

c. some rapids and the beginnings of a flood plai

d. the river valley is being widened but the river is still downcutting.

Question

Which of the following is not a correct association between rock types, geologic structures and

the drainage pattern?

a. uniform or homogenous rock types produce a de

ndritic pattern.

b. intersecting fractures or faults produce a rectangular pattern

c. alternating harder and softer rock types produce a trellis pattern.

d. flat lying sedimentary rock layers also produce a rectangular pattern.

Question

Which of the

following would usually neither be the cause of, nor the result of stream

rejuvenation?

a. The uplifting of an area.

b. The lowering of sea level.

c. The deposition of a flood plain

d. An increase in discharge due to a change in climate.

Question

Stream terraces can form when

a. an area is uplifted.

b. the base level is raised.

c. erosion is decreased.

d. deposition

occurs

equally on both sides of the river.

Question

Which is not a characteristic of incised meanders?

a. They are cut well

below the level of the former flood plain

b. They are always accompanied by a few pairs of stream terraces.

c. They form fairly rapidly.

d. The flow pattern is maintained as down cutting occurs.

Question

As streams come to an end they tend to

a. have

their slopes increased and therefore slow down.

b. have their slopes decreased and therefore speed up.

c. lose energy and deposit sediment.

d. dam their channels and branch due to their increase in energy.

Question

The Mississippi River

a. is presentl

y following the shortest, steepest path to the gulf.

b. is presently following the shortest route to the gulf.

c. has its main distributary channel dammed for flood control.

d. has the main channel's path controlled by dikes and dams.

Question

The

Atcha

falaya River becomes a greater threat to capture the lower Mississippi River each

year because the

a. amount of water flowing in the

Atcha

falaya becomes much greater each year.

b. Mississippi is scouring its channel.

c. Mississippi is "silting in" whi

le the

Atcha

falaya is scouring its channel deeper.

Atcha

falaya is "silting in" making a smoother path to the sea.

GS 142:

Quiz

Question

Compared to the water in lakes and rivers, there is

a. less water in the ground.

b. about the same amount of water in the ground.

c. about ten to twenty times more water in the ground.

d. about thirty

fifty times more water in

the ground.

Question

Choose the incorr

ect statement concerning ground

water.

a. Ground

water is useful because it is often plentiful and clean.

b. It is a good source of water because it can be replenished easily.

c. Over half of the U.S. population us

es it for drinking water.

d. It is used extensively in agriculture and for industrial purposes.

Question

The

most important source of ground

water is

a. percolation (seepage) from lakes

b. percolation from streams and rivers

c. from rainfall or snow me

lt.

d. from underground rivers.

Question

The capacity or ability of rock to transmit water is called

a. porosity.

b. infiltration.

c. permeability.

d. percolation.

Question

The capacity or ability of rock to store or hold water is called

porosity.

b. permeability.

c. equilibration.

d. transpiration.

Question

Layers of rock that possess both permeability and

a. porosity are referred to as aquifers; a good example is clay.

b. porosity are referred to as aquicludes; a good example is clay.

c. pore pressure are referred to as artisan; a good example is clay.

d. porosity are referred to as aquifers; a good example is sandstone.

Question

Ground water interacts with

a. carbon dioxide to which makes it acidic and able to effectively dissolve

sandstone.

b. carbon dioxide to which makes it acidic and able to effectively dissolve limestone.

c. carbon in the soil to make it acidic and able to effectively dissolve dark minerals

d. carbon in the soil to make it energetic enough to dissolve iron oxi

de.

Question

Stalagmites are usually composed of

a. carbonic acid.

b. sandstone.

c. limestone.

d. siltstone.

Question

The top of the zone of saturation is also called the

a. water table which tends to rise under hills and drop under valleys.

b. water

table which tends to rise quickly after a rainstorm and drop just as fast.

c. capillary fringe which tends to rise quickly after a rainstorm and drop just as fast.

d. capillary fringe which tends to be flatter than other parts of the zone of saturation.

Question

When the water table intersects the surface

a. an artisan spring forms.

b. a spring forms.

c. pollutants enter the aquifer from run

off.

d. most of the water will evaporate because it is exposed to the atmosphere.

Question

Choose the corr

ect statement concerning open(unconfined) and closed(confined) aquifers.

a. An open aquifer is seldom exposed at the surface.

b. An open aquifer has an aquiclude on top of it and a closed aquifer has an impermeable

layer on top also.

c. An open aquifer is

exposed at the surface but a closed aquifer has an impermeable layer

immediately above and below it.

d. An open aquifer always lies beneath an impermeable layer.

GS 142:

Quiz

Question

Most deserts are found along or near the

a. tropic of Cancer and they cover about 25% of the total land area.

b. tropic of Capricorn and they cover about 25% of the total land area.

c. tropics of Cancer and Capricorn and they

cover about 25% of the total land area.

d. tropics of Cancer and Capricorn and they cover about 10% of the total land area.

Question

Deserts are areas that receive less than

a. 25 cm of precipitation each year.

b. 2.5 cm of precipitation each year.

2.5 cm of precipitation each month.

d. 2.5 mm of precipitation each month.

Question

Deserts are often found in regions about 30 degrees

a. N and S of the equator due to the hot rising air currents found there.

b. N and S of the equator due to dry air m

asses that are warmed as they descend in these

areas.

c. N of the equator due to warm, dry rising air masses found there.

d. S of the equator due to warm descending clouds found there.

Question

Some deserts occur in rain shadows, like certain areas on

the east side of the Cascade

Mountains in Oregon, because as

a. dry air descends on the east side of the mountains it is compressed, warmed and

evaporates moisture.

b. moist air rises over the mountain it is warmed causing evaporation.

c. moist air descend

s over the mountains it is warmed causing evaporation

d. dry air rises over the mountains it expands and warms causing evaporation.

Question

Choose the correct set of reasons for some deserts.

a. Some are a great distance from a moisture source; other

coastal deserts are created by

warm, dry winds blowing on shore

b. Some are a great distance from a moisture source; other coastal deserts are created by

warm ocean currents which warm the coastal winds and cause evaporation on land.

c. Some are located in

the interiors of continents; other coastal deserts are created by cool, dry

winds blowing on shore.

d. Some are located in the interiors of continents; other coastal deserts are created by warm

ocean currents which warm the coastal winds and cause evapor

ation on land.

Question

There are several ways deserts are formed. They include all except which of the following?

Select one:

a. The descent of warm, dry, near

equatorial air currents and cold coastal currents in warm

latitudes.

b. The inability of cold

air masses to hold moisture in polar areas and cold coastal currents in

warm latitudes.

c. The descent of warm, dry, near

equatorial air currents and the rain shadow effect.

d. The inability of cold air masses to hold moisture in polar areas and warm coa

stal currents

and winds that blow onshore.

Question

The drainage in desert areas is often internal because streams

a. sink into the soil and caves.

b. evaporate or flow into caves.

c. sink into the soil or collect in lakes.

d. collect in lakes or

caverns.

Question

Wind is often an effective force in deserts because

a. the soil always consists of very fine materials.

b. the wind blows hard all the time.

c. there is always a lot of sand.

d. the soil is dry and loose.

Question

Which of the foll

owing are not properly associated?

Blowouts

and cirques are created by deflation.

b. Depressions and desert pavement are created by deflation.

c. Dunes and loess are wind deposits.

d. Desert varnish is created by wind, moisture and chemical reactions.

Question

Wind erosion would cease (choose the

INCORRECT

choice)

a. once the water table is exposed by deflation.

b. once desert pavement is formed.

c. if large pieces of rock cover the ground.

d. once a dune is formed.

GS 142:

Quiz

Question

Which of the following is not true concerning ocean waves?

a. Waves are created by the wind.

b. Waves are a surge of energy.

c. The water particles in waves move in a

circular motion.

d. Waves always travel about the same speed as the wind.

Question

Choose the incorrect statement about the motion of water particles in an ocean wave in deeper

water out beyond the breakers. Assume there no ocean currents involved.

The surface water particles move in a path about equal to the height of the wave.

b. The path that the water particles make as one looks deeper into the wave, decreases.

c. The water particles move in circles

d. The surface wave motion of the particles ce

ases as the deeper water particles continue in a

circular motion.

Question

The downward limit (depth) of wave motion is about to

a. the depth of the wave base or about one half the wavelength.

b. a depth equal to the wave height or about one half the

wavelength.

c. the depth of the wave base or about twice the distance between crests.

d. a depth equal to twice the wave height or about one half the distance between crests.

Question

Out beyond the breakers, as the incoming wave base interacts with th

e offshore bottom, the

waves will

a. become spaced father apart as they slow down.

b. slow and become lower.

c. slow and become slightly higher and steeper on the incoming side.

d. slow, bunch up and become lower.

Question

Choose the incorrect response

concerning seismic sea waves.

a. They are often created by earthquakes and travel at hundreds of miles per hour.

b. They are called tsunami and appear as large waves, tens of feet high in the open ocean.

c. They may stir

up the ocean bottom and bunch up a

nd become larger near the coastline.

d. They are often created by earthquakes and are one meter or so high in the open ocean.

Question

The bending of ocean waves is known as

a. refraction and tends to concentrate energy on wide beaches.

b. reflection

and tends to erode headlands and deposit material between them.

c. refraction and tends to erode headlands and deposit material between them.

d. reflection and tends to concentrate energy on headlands which straighten the coastline.

Question

Most of

the fine sediment along a coast (especially sand) comes from

a. streams and rivers.

b. the erosion of headlands.

c. the erosion of beachlines.

d. the shallow offshore areas.

Question

Sediments are distributed along the coast by

a. the breakers.

b. the

breakers and longshore currents.

c. sandspits.

d. sandspits and swash.

Question

Choose the correct choice concerning a comparison between summer and winter beach

conditions.

a. Summer waves are lower, the beach is wider and steeper with more sand.

b. S

ummer waves are lower, the beach is narrower and steeper with less sand.

c. Winter waves are higher, the beach is narrower and steeper with less sand.

d. Winter waves are higher, the beach is wider and steeper with more sand.

Question

Which of the

following is not true concerning sea walls?

a. They threaten the beach itself because they cut off part of the sand supply.

b. They reflect waves.

c. They actually increase erosion at the base of the wall.

d. They are a good

long

term

safe guard for real

estate.

Question

Perhaps one of the best solutions to beach erosion would be

a. the construction of jetties.

b. the construction of breakwaters.

c. to transport sediment around dams or truck it directly to the beach area.

d. the construction of breakw

aters and sea walls.

Quiz 10
1. c
2. d
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. c
7. d
8. b
9. c
10. a
11. c
12. d
13. d
14. b
15. d
16. c
17. b
18. a
19. d
20. c
21. a
22. b
23. c
24. d
25. c
Quiz 11
1. d
2. b
3. c
4. c
5. a
6. d
7. b
8. c
9. a
10. b
11. c
12. c
13. b
14. a
15. c
Quiz 12
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. c
6. d
7. c
8. d
9. a
10. d
11. c
12. b
13. c
14. d
15. a
16. b
17. c
18. b
19. b
20. d
21. a
22. c
23. b
24. b
25. a
26. c
27. b
28. b
29. d
30. a
Quiz 13
1. d
2. d
3. a
4. c
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. c
10. d
11. c
12. b
13. a
14. b
15. a