NOUNS
Noun means the words refer to the names of human, animals, things, places, and quality or activity such as Ann, Sombat, Cat, Pig, Chair, House, City, Town, and Wisdom or Tennis...etc
There are 8 kinds of Noun as detailed following:
1. Common Noun
2. Proper Noun
3. Collective Noun
4. Material Noun
5. Abstract Noun
6. Noun Equivalent
7. Compound Noun
8. Agent Noun
1. Common Noun is a word refers to the name of a general person, animal, place, or thing but is not particular person, place…etc Such as: Man, Table, Cat, Garden,Monks, Novice…etc
For Example:
- The man works in the garden
- Monks and novices study English in the class
2. Proper Noun which a word that is the name of a person, a place an institution, etc.and is written with a capital letter for example: Tom, Mrs Jones, London, Rome, Europe, Bangkok, Vientiane…etc
For example:
- Tom lives in Bangkok
- London is the capital of England
3. Collective Noun which a word that is the name of group or team that refers to a group of people, animals or things and, in British English, can be used with either a singular or a plural verb. In American English it must be used with a singular verb. ..............Such as: family, army, team, class, mob, committee, party…etc
or collective noun + of + common noun
A flock of sheep
A heap of stones
A bunch of flowers
A group of students
……etc
For example:
- A group of students is studying in the class (sb does)
- A group of students are studying in the class ( all do)
4. Material Noun: a word that is the name of material such as mineral, element, metal, ... and without article or number before the noun.
for example:
sugar , gold , bread, soil, coal, milk, ................. etc.
* if we'd like to know the quantity of Material Noun has to use a following structure:
Numberal + Common Noun + of + Material Noun
- A glass of milk
- A cup of tea
- Ten bags of sand
*** Note: No put Many, Several, few, large of number before the material noun.***
5. Abstract Noun: example goodness or freedom, death and beauty...etc. that refers to an idea or a general quality, not to a physical object
For example:
- Death come to all men
- Beauty is wanted by everyone.
*** Abstract Noun has a completed form from Verb, Adjective, and Noun***
6. Noun-Equivalent: means a word or the group of words is not noun, but use them to do the duty of noun, there are five forms
1. Infinitive: to sleep, to walk, to read....
2. Gerund: V+ ing: studying, running, teaching, ....
3. Adjective: the good, the rich, the brave, ...
4. Phrase: Where to go, what to do, how to say, ....
5. Clause: What he is doing now, when i see her, ....
7. Compound Noun: to compile two nouns into one such as
* N + N
Life + boat = lifeboat
Door + man = doorman
Mail + box = mailbox
* Verb-ing (-) N
Swimming - pool
Living - room
School - boy
8. Agent Noun: a word that refers to doer almost comes from Verb or Noun by suffix. ER, OR, ENT, ANT, IST, and ICIAN.
* Verb — After suffix
act — actor
serve — servant
art — artist
......etc.
* Noun — After suffix
music — musician
economics — economist
........etc.
Forms of Nouns
There are only two forms of nouns:
* singular : Book is a singular noun, this means it refers only to one book.
* plural : If we want to talk about more than one book, we must use a plural noun: books , telephones, airplanes, teachers
*** To make a plural noun, we usually add -s to the end of the singular noun. ***
How to change a singular noun to a plural noun
principle |
Original N |
Singular N |
Plural N |
Exception |
1. to add S |
general |
computer |
computers |
|
2. to add ES |
End with CH,O, S, SS, X, Z |
Watch
|
watches |
Cargos, Studios, Kilos, Memos, Photos, Zeros…etc |
3. to add IES |
End with Y and before Y is a consonant |
Lady,
University |
Ladies,
Universities |
|
4. to add VES |
End with F, FE |
Wife
shelf |
Wives
shelves |
Chiefs, Proofs, Safes…etc |
5. to change the words |
Specially |
Man,
Woman,
foot,
child
goose |
Men
Women
Feet
Children
geese |
|
Types of Nouns
The nouns all above separate in:
Countable Noun
- Common Noun
- Proper Noun
- Collective Noun
- Compound Noun
- Agent Noun
|
the characteristics
1.Can count
2. Become a plural
3. To be able putting a number in the front of that Noun
|
Uncountable Noun
- Material Noun
- Abstract Noun
- Noun - Equivalent
|
The characteristics
1. Not be able count
2. Can't make a plural
3. To be shown a number by quantity like Much or Little
|
The Function of noun
We use noun to be:
Subject of Sentence
Object of Sentence
Object of Preposition
Subjective Complement
Objective Complement
......etc.
