� PEOPLE WITH WHOM YOU SHARE VALUES, LINGO AND EXPERIENCES
� USUALLY CENTERED ON LIFESTYLES, HOBBIES OR OCCUPATIONS
� SOME SUBCULTURES ARE FULL-TIME LIFESTYLES
THE POLICE SUBCULTURE SHAPES THE POLICE PERSONALITY
� USUALLY LEARNED AT AND AFTER THE ACADEMY FROM MORE EXPERIENCED OFFICERS
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLICE PERSONALITY
� AUTHORITARIAN
� CONSERVATIVE
� CYNICAL
� EFFICIENT
� HONORABLE
� HOSTILE
� INDIVIDUALISTIC
� INSECURE
� LOYAL
� PREJUDICED
� SECRETIVE
� SUSPICIOUS
POLICE CORRUPTION
� THE SLIPPERY SLOPE
� SALARIES LINKED TO CORRUPTION
POLICE AND DRUG USE
� MOST DEPARTMENTS TEST AT HIRING, FEW FOLLOW UP LATER
THE DANGERS OF POLICE WORK
� 13, 061 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED IN THE LINE OF DUTY
� IN MOST YEARS 100-200 OFFICERS KILLED (OUT OF 870,000 OFFICERS)
� IRONICALLY, KILLED OFFICERS ARE CONSERVATIVE IN THE USE OF FORCE AND GOOD-NATURED
POLICE AND STRESS
� POLICE WORK CONSISTENTLY AMONG TOP TEN STRESS-PRODUCING PROFESSIONS
SOURCES OF POLICE STRESS:
� EXTERNAL STRESS - REAL DANGERS
� ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS - SCHEDULING AND PAPERWORK
� PERSONAL STRESS - INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
� OPERATIONAL STRESS - "COMBATING THE DAILY TRAGEDIES OF URBAN LIFE"
� THE SUICIDE RATE OF POLICE OFFICERS IS MORE THAN TWICE THAT OF THE GENERAL POPULATION
POLICE CIVIL LIABILITY
� MOST COMMON, POLICE BRUTALITY AND FALSE ARRESTS
� INDIVIDUAL POLICE OFFICERS AND THEIR DEPARTMENTS MAY BE SUED
POLICE AND DEADLY FORCE
� TENNESSEE v. GARNER
� POLICE MAY NOT SHOOT FLEEING PROPERTY FELON
� POLICE MAY SHOOT FLEEING VIOLENT FELON IF NECESSARY
GRAHAM v. CONNOR
� POLICE USE OF VIOLENCE TO BE JUDGED IN TERMS OF THE "REASONABLENESS OF THE MOMENT"
POLICE KILL ABOUT 600 SUSPECTS A YEAR, WOUND ANOTHER 1200 AND COMPLETELY MISS 1800 MORE
MORE THAN 10% OF ALL POLICE SHOOTINGS MAY BE "SUICIDE BY COP"
POLICE AND EDUCATION
� A FOUR-YEAR DEGREE FOR POLICE OFFICERS RECOMMENDED IN 1967
� POLICE OFFICERS WITH DEGREES:
o WRITE BETTER REPORTS
o COMMUNICATE BETTER WITH THE PUBLIC
o ARE MORE EFFECTIVE
o HAVE FEWER COMPLAINTS
o HAVE GREATER INITIATIVE
o USE DISCRETION MORE WISELY
o ARE MORE SENSITIVE TO RACIAL AND ETHNIC ISSUES
o HAVE FEWER DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS
PRIVATE PROTECTIVE SERVICES
� TWICE AS MANY PEOPLE AS IN PUBLIC POLICING
� GROWING MORE QUICKLY THAN PUBLIC POLICING (EVEN BEFORE 9-11)
� DIFFERENT PRIORITIES THAN PUBLIC POLICE
� BOTH HAVE "PROTECTION OF LIVES AND PROPERTY" FIRST
� AFTER THAT, PRIVATE SERVICES FOCUS ON CRIME, LOSS AND FIRE PREVENTION
� CRIME PREVENTION USUALLY THE LOWEST PRIORITY OF PUBLIC POLICE
� MORE TRAINING NEEDED
� GROSSMONT'S SECURITY ACADEMY