� LONG-TERM CONFINEMENT FACILITIES FOR FELONS
� 1500 STATE PRISONS, 84 FEDERAL PRISONS
� ABOUT 1,406,000 INMATES
� 93.4% MALE
� 49% FOR VIOLENT CRIMES,
� 20% FOR PROPERTY CRIMES,
� 21% FOR DRUG CRIMES
INMATE CHARACTERISTICS
� LOW LEVEL OF FORMAL EDUCATION
� SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED
� NO VOCATIONAL SKILLS
RACIAL DISPARITY
� FOR EVERY 100,000 WHITE MALES, 941 ARE IN PRISON
� FOR EVERY 100,000 BLACK MALES, 7,901 ARE IN PRISON
� THE RATE OF INCARCERATION, ADJUSTED FOR POPULATION, IS 8 TIMES HIGHER AMONG BLACKS THAN WHITES
PRISON COSTS
� $21,141 PER YEAR PER INMATE IN STATE PRISON
� $21,535 PER YEAR PER INMATE IN FEDERAL PRISON
PRISON ORIGINS
� ORIGINALLY, PRISONS WERE RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS
� THE ROOT WORD IN "PENITENTIARY" IS "PENANCE"
� "CELL" COMES FROM A MONK'S CELL
� MOST RECENT PHILOSOPHY IS TO "GET TOUGH" (DEMONSTRATED BY THREE STRIKES, YOU'RE OUT)
OVERCROWDING
� THE CALIFORNIA PRISON SYSTEM HAS TWICE THE NUMBER OF INMATES IT WAS MEANT TO HOLD
� OVERCROWDING PLUS OTHER NEGATIVES MIGHT BE CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT
SECURITY LEVELS
� MAXIMUM SECURITY (MORE ON EACH )
� MEDIUM SECURITY
� MINIMUM SECURITY
MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONS
� DEATH FENCES OR HIGH WALLS
� GUN TOWERS
� FEW REHABILITATIVE PROGRAMS
� DISTINCTIVE PRISON CLOTHING
MINIMUM SECURITY PRISONS
� NO FENCES OR WALLS
� UNARMED OFFICERS
� CIVILIAN CLOTHING
� IN CALIFORNIA, THESE ARE OFTEN "CAMPS"
MEDIUM SECURITY
� IN BETWEEN MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SECURITY
SECURITY LEVELS IN CALIFORNIA
� LEVELS I THROUGH IV
� LEVEL IV IS "SUPERMAX"
PRISON, INMATE CLASSIFICATIONS
� UPON CONVICTION, INMATES SENT TO A CLASSIFICATION CENTER
� AFTER INMATES CLASSIFIED, SENT TO A PRISON WITH A MATCHING CLASSIFICATION
� SECURITY, NOT REHABILITATION IS THE FIRST CONCERN IN CLASSIFICATION
� THEREFORE, INMATES WHO NEED REHAB THE MOST GET IT THE LEAST
PRIVATE PRISONS
� INCREASING IN POPULARITY
� WHO GETS SUED IF STATE INMATES IN PRIVATE CUSTODY ESCAPE AND HARM SOMEONE?
� CAN THE STATE GET SUED IF A STATE INMATE IS ABUSED BY A PRIVATE PRISON OFFICER?
JAILS
� SHORT-TERM CONFINEMENT FACILITIES
� FOR THOSE AWAITING TRIAL (ON MISDEMEANORS AND FELONIES) ...
� AND FOR THOSE CONVICTED OF MISDEMEANORS
� ALL STATE PRISON INMATES WENT TO COUNTY JAILS FIRST
� 631,240 IN NATION'S JAILS
� MOSTLY RUN BY COUNTY SHERIFFS
� MORE THAN $14,5000 PER YEAR PER INMATE
JAILS IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY
� RUN BY THE SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT
� RECEIVE ALL ACCUSED FELONS (EXCEPT FEDERAL, INCLUDING THOSE ARRESTED BY CITY POLICE)
� SOME ACCUSED MISDEMEANANTS
� CONVICTED MISDEMEANANTS SERVE TIME THERE
JAIL CHARACTERISTICS
� OVERCROWDED
� POORLY FUNDED
� POORLY STAFFED
� POORLY-TRAINED STAFF
JAILS AS DUMPING GROUNDS
� IF THE POOR, MENTALLY ILL OR DRUNK BECOME PROBLEMS, POLICE ARE CALLED...
� POLICE (FOLLOWING THEIR TRAINING) SEEK LEGAL SOLUTIONS (EVEN IF THE PROBLEMS ARE SOCIAL)...
� POLICE ARREST THOSE NO ONE ELSE WANTS TO DEAL WITH...
� POLICE PUT THESE PEOPLE IN JAIL
DIRECT SUPERVISION JAILS
� IN OLD-STYLE JAILS, DEPUTIES ON ONE SIDE OF THE BARS, INMATES ON THE OTHER
� IN DIRECT-SUPERVISION JAILS, DEPUTIES IN WITH THE INMATES AT ALL TIMES
� DUE LARGELY TO A CHANGE IN DESIGN