� A SENTENCING STYLE
� RELIES ON RESOURCES AVAILABLE IN THE COMMUNITY
� PROBATION AND PAROLE USUALLY THOUGHT OF AS BEING "COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS"
HISTORY OF PROBATION
� BEGAN AS A TYPE OF SOCIAL WORK
� NOW A SPECIALIZED FORM OF POLICING
� THE SHIFT HAPPENED WHEN STATEMENTS MADE TO PROBATION OFFICER WERE RULED NON-CONFIDENTIAL
PROBATION
� A SENTENCE
� USUALLY A SUSPENDED SENTENCE
� WITH CONDITIONS TO WHICH OFFENDER MUST AGREE
PROBATION CONDITIONS
� GENERAL CONDITIONS - APPLY ALL PROBATIONERS
� SPECIFIC CONDITIONS - CUSTOMIZE PROBATION TO FIT THE OFFENDER
� FOURTH AMENDMENT WAIVER OFTEN A REQUIRED CONDITION
THE EXTENT OF PROBATION TODAY
� WHEN FELONIES AND MISDEMEANORS CONSIDERED, THE MOST COMMON FORM OF SENTENCE
� 59% OF ALL PEOPLE IN CORRECTIONS ARE ON PROBATION
� A 300% INCREASE FROM 1980 TO TODAY
� 21% OF SEX OFFENDERS, 12% OF ROBBERS AND 30% OF THOSE CONVICTED OF AGGRAVATED ASSAULT GET PROBATION
REVOKING PROBATION
� JUDGES GIVE PROBATION, JUDGES HAVE TO TAKE IT AWAY
� PROBATION OFFICERS CAN ONLY ASK JUDGES TO HOLD HEARINGS TO DO SO
SUCCESS OF PROBATION
� CAUTION: "SUCCESS" MAY JUST MEAN "NOT GETTING CAUGHT"
� 27% GET CAUGHT
� 73% "SUCCESSFUL"
PROBATION IN CALIFORNIA
� 58 SEPARATE PROBATION DEPARTMENTS IN THE 58 COUNTIES
� NO TWO ONLINE TOGETHER
PROBATION IN MOST STATES
� ONE DEPARTMENT OF THE STATE DOES PROBATION AND PAROLE
FUTURE OF PROBATION
� DEPARTMENTS LAGGING BEHIND INCREASED CASELOADS
� RECIDIVISM ON THE RISE
PAROLE
� A CONDITIONAL RELEASE FROM PRISON
� GRANTED BY PAROLE BOARDS IN INDETERMINATE SENTENCES
� GRANTED AUTOMATICALLY IN DETERMINATE SENTENCES
PAROLE IN CALIFORNIA
� MORE HERE THAN ANY OTHER STATE
� OVER 100,000 PEOPLE ON PAROLE HERE
� PAROLE AGENTS WORK FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
SUCCESS OF PAROLE
� SAME CAUTION IS ON PROBATION
� 42% SUCCESSFUL
� 26% RETURNED TO PRISON
� 12% CAUGHT AND CONVICTED OF NEW CHARGES
CONDITIONS OF PAROLE
� SIMILAR TO CONDITIONS OF PROBATION
PAROLE AGENTS
� HAVE MORE POWER OVER PAROLEES THAN PROBATION OFFICERS HAVE OVER PROBATIONERS
ADVANTAGES OF PROBATION/PAROLE
� LOWER COST
� INCREASED EMPLOYMENT
� RESTITUTION
� COMMUNITY SUPPORT (SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS)
� REDUCED "CRIMINALIZATION"
� COMMUNITY SUPPORT (SOCIAL SERVICES)
� INCREASED CHANCES OF REHABILITATION
DISADVANTAGES OF PROBATION/PAROLE
� LACK OF PUNISHMENT
� RISK TO COMMUNITY
� INCREASED SOCIAL COSTS
REASONS FOR REVOKING PROBATION/PAROLE
� FAILURE TO REPORT
� FAILURE TO PARTICIPATE IN REQUIRED PROGRAM
� ALCOHOL OR DRUB ABUSE
STEPS IN REVOKING PROBATION/PAROLE
� WRITTEN NOTICE SPECIFYING VIOLATION
� DISCLOSURE OF EVIDENCE
� A NEUTRAL HEARING PARTY (JUDGE IN PROBATION, PAROLE BOARD IN PAROLE)
� A CHANCE TO APPEAR, TESTIFY, OFFER A DEFENSE
� RIGHT TO CROSS-EXAMINE WITNESSES
� A WRITTEN CONCLUSION
PROBATION/PAROLE OFFICER JOBS
� 43,198 JOBS IN PROBATION/PAROLE
� CONFLICT BETWEEN BEING A QUASI-SOCIAL WORKER AND A CUSTODIAL OFFICER
� HUGE CASELOADS (AS MANY AS 300 FELONS TO ONE PROBATION OFFICER IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY)
INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS
� ALL SENTENCES BETWEEN STRAIGHT PROBATION AND STRAIGHT INCARCERATION
� SPLIT SENTENCING - JAIL THEN PROBATION
� SHOCK PROBATION - JAIL THEN APPLY FOR PROBATION
� SHOCK INCARCERATION - "BOOT CAMP"
� MIXED SENTENCE - WEEKEND JAIL, PROBATION THE REST OF THE TIME
� COMMUNITY SERVICE
� ALL SAVE MONEY, NONE VERY EFFECTIVE
INTENSIVE PROBATION SUPERVISION
� FIVE FACE-TO-FACE MEETINGS A WEEK
� RANDOM DRUG TESTING
� WORKS DURING TERM OF PROBATION
� NO EVIDENCE IT WORKS AFTER PROBATION
� COSTS NEARLY AS MUCH AS JAIL
HOME CONFINEMENT - HOUSE ARREST - ELECTRONIC MONITORING
� USUALLY INVOLVES ELECTRONIC BRACELETS/ANKLETS
� OLD VERSIONS CONNECTED TO CLIENT'S PHONE, NEWER VERSION DONE BY SATELLITE
� ALLOWS OFFICERS TO KNOW WHEN A PERSON IS HOME, NOTHING MORE
� SAN DIEGO COUNTY QUIT DOING THIS OUT OF CONCERN OVER LIABILITY
FUTURE OF PAROLE
� SOME STATES HAVE ABANDONED PAROLE. INMATES SIMPLY DO THEIR TIME MINUS "GOOD TIME"