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Noun Cases
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Noun case is something that has nearly fallen out of use in English, it is when a noun changes to reflect how it is used in the sentence, the change usually takes place at the end of the word. This is the case in every case in Kyo'jali, except for the plural, which isn't a case per se. Note: If the noun begins or ends with a vowel, the affix drops it's final or initial vowel, if applicable, respectively. In the case of an affix that consists solely of a vowel, an 'l' is inserted, instead. If the noun begins or ends with a consonant, and the affix consists of but one consonant, an 'i' is inserted to seperate the sounds. |
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The Nominative
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| The nominative does not change, this is the base or dictionary form. | ||||
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Plural - These are attached to the beginning of the noun.
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| Fire | Earth | Air | Water | Spirit |
| b' | yo' | en' | yi' | l' |
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Examples: bi'panl��a� -Brothers yo'falat -Worlds en'el�n� -Stars y'el�in�mo -Waters li'sani� -Dreams |
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| Accusative - If the noun is used as the direct object in the sentence. Ex. I gave him a present. 'Present' is the direct object. | ||||
| Fire | Earth | Air | Water | Spirit |
| 'a� | 'k | '� | 'r | 'or� |
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Examples: Khi proka's pa panl�a�'la� -I'm a brother Xa�j proka'va� yet falat'ik -It is the world Xa�j proka'va� p� el�n�'l� -It is a star Xa�j proka'va� el�in�mo'r -It is water Xa�j proka'va� pa�lin sani�'lor� -It is a dream |
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| Dative/Directional - If the noun is used as the indirect of object in the sentence. Indirectly affected, I gave him a present. 'him' is the indirect object. The present is what is being given, and him is what it is being given to. Also indicates direction. He goes to the store. Store is the directional because the store is where he is going. Only indicates directional toward, not from something. | ||||
| Fire | Earth | Air | Water | Spirit |
| 'ya� | 's | 'el | 'i� | 'ama |
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Examples: Khi inina�'s kh�n panl�a�'ya� -I go to my brother Xa�ji� inina�'b�s� yet falat'is -They go to the world �jkh inina�'tsa nu el�n�'lel -We go to the star �jkh inina�'tsa el�in�mo'li� -We go to the water sani�'ama -Eh, bad example. But you get the point. |
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| Ablative - If the noun is the object of a preposition. Ex. This present is for him. 'Him' is the object of the preposition 'for'. | ||||
| Fire | Earth | Air | Water | Spirit |
| 'i | 'l | 'em | '� | 'ka� |
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Examples: Ta pa panl�a�'li -For a brother Tas yet falat'il -For the world Tem p� el�n�'lem -For a star Ta sta el�in�mo'l� -For the water Tel pa�lin sani�'ka� -For a dream |
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| Instrumental - Indicates that the noun is the instrument by which an action occurs. He went by train. 'Train' is instrumental, it is how he went. | ||||
| Fire | Earth | Air | Water | Spirit |
| 'ka | 'd | 'kel | 'ka | 'dem |
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Examples: Men�n traka'ka. -To die by fire. S�m manyar'im tannin'id -To be bested by an idiot S�m kennar'im ma�sye'kel -To be inspired by a tale S�m m�siga'm el�in�mo'ka -To be covered by water S�m khimin'im sani�'dem -To be awakened by a dream |
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| Genitive - Indicates that a noun possesses another noun. The man's book. "man's" being in the genitive because it possesses the book. | ||||
| Fire | Earth | Air | Water | Spirit |
| 'st | 'm | 'mel | 'm | 'o� |
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Examples: panl�a�'st lisheta. -My brother's sword. Yet falat'im kanna. -The world's problem. P� el�n�'mel ema. -A star's light. Sta el�in�mo'm �meni -The water's depth. Pa�lin sani�'lo� menin -A dream's limit. |
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