| - Candaba Swamp is near the towns of Candaba, San Miguel and San Ildefonso, 50 km north-north-west of Metro Manila, in Pampanga and Bulacan Provinces, central Luzon. It is a complex of freshwater ponds, swamps and marshes with surrounding areas of seasonally flooded grassland, arable land and palm savanna on a vast alluvial flood plain. The main area for waterfowl is an impoundment of about 300 hectars, with a mixture of open shallow water, small islands, and rafts of floating vegetation, adjacent to the Pampanga River about 9 kilometers north of Baliuag. However, this area is now drained earlier in the year than in the past, and it no longer attracts many waterfowl. The isolated Mt Arayat, which rises to 1,023 m and has disturbed lowland forest on its slopes, is adjacent to Candaba Marsh. The swamp was a traditional waterfowl hunting area in the past, and some hunting of ducks and rails, although now illegal, still occurs. Candaba Swamp was formerly an extremely important staging and wintering area for ducks, especially during the last quarter of the year. According to some records, the swamp regularly supported between 5,000 and 10,000 birds. In 1982, about 100,000 ducks were observed in a single day. No other site in the Philippines has been known to support such large concentrations of these birds but the number of wintering wildfowl has recently declined dramatically. Several threatened waterbirds occurred there in the past, although the populations of some of these have presumably declined or disappeared. However, it still supports the only known regular wintering population of Streaked Reed-warbler in the world.
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