Chapter 9 Test – Ground Water (2004)

                

 

Indicate True or False for each of the questions below.

 

1. Less than half of Earth's fresh water is frozen in ice caps and glaciers.
2. The evapotranspiration of an area is controlled by air temperature.
3. Groundwater usage by plants occurs when the need for moisture is greater than the amount of moisture rainfall has provided.
4. A material made up of rounded particles generally has a great deal of pore space.
5. The permanently frozen ground found in Polar Regions is called permafrost.
6. Hard groundwater contains more minerals than soft groundwater.
7. Rainwater contains a high concentration of minerals.
8. Mineral springs are often used as sources of drinking water.

 

Select the BEST answer for each question.

 

9. More than 97% of the earth's water is

a. salt water    b. frozen water   c. fresh water  d. evaporated water

 

10. The largest amount of Earth's fresh water occurs as

a. rivers  b. groundwater  c. lakes   d. swamps

 

11. Which term names the process in which water moves through the water cycle?

a. capillary action   b. deficit  c. evapotranspiration d. metamorphosis

 

12. When is the greatest amount of groundwater recharge likely?

a. a summer heath wave                            c. a rainy winter day

b. a spring thunderstorm                            d. an autumn shower

 

13. If a person wants to open a factory which requires large amounts of available fresh water for the entire year, which of the following would be the best location?

 a. Connecticut               b. Kansas              c. Arkansas                      d. Nevada

 

14. A rock which has space between the grains of its material is said to be

a. permeable                    b. impermeable               c. nonporous                    d. porous

 

15. When capillary water fills its pore spaces, a rock is

a. permeable                    b. nonporous                    c. impermeable              d. auriferous

 

16. When looking for a rock which can be used to filter water, it would be best to consider the rock's

 a. age              b. grain size                   c. location                        d. shape

 

17. The water table will be deepest in which of these areas?

a. woodland               b. desert               c. swamp               d. farmland

18. A farmer in a hilly area wants to raise a crop which requires a lot of water very near the soil surface.  For this reason, he will most likely plant his crop

a. next to his well.                                            c. on a hilltop

b. on a hillside                                                  d. in a valley

19. As a city increases in population, it begins to consume more water than can be replaced by rainfall.  How will the area's water table be affected?

a. levels will rise                                     c. levels will drop

b. levels will fluctuate                                                d. levels will not be affected

 

20. Which of the following is a method used when the water table is low?
1. evapotranspiration                                      c. groundwater recharge
2. travertization                                                 d. fumaroles

 

21. Water from an ordinary well or spring remains relatively cool in summer because

a. it comes from cool mountain streams

b. it is cooled by evaporation

c. it is deep enough to be protected from weather changes

d. it is surrounded by soil which absorbs most of the sun's heat

 

22. The major way in which geysers differ from hot springs is that

a. geysers rise through a constricted tube.

b. hot springs rise through a constricted tube.

c. geysers come from a hotter source.

d. hot springs come from a hotter source.

 

23. To do laundry in a region where the bedrock is limestone, you should add

a. extra detergent              b. water softener              c. extra bleach        d. fabric bluing

 

24. Which of these is the source of the softest water?

a. mineral springs              b. artesian wells              c. ponds  d. rivers

 

25. The water in a stream flowing deep underground would most likely be

a. pure               b. hard               c. artesian              d. soft

 

26. The major difference between the mineral springs at health spas and alkali mineral springs is

a. their chemical content

b. the temperature of their sources

c. their location

d. the amounts of minerals they contain

 

 

 

 

 

27. The carbonic acid in rainwater can cause caverns to be formed in limestone only when

a. there is a greater than average rainfall

b. the limestone is already cracked

c. the limestone is very old

d. all the surrounding soil has been eroded away

 

28. One reason limestone caverns are found all over the world is that limestone

a. is usually found deep beneath the soil

b. resists being dissolved better than other rocks

c. is a common surface rock or near-surface bedrock

d. can be a highly permeable rock

 

29. When building in a region which has karst topography, special care should be taken in

a. choosing the right materials

b. properly aligning the windows

c. stabilizing the foundation

d. insulating the wiring

 

30. Karst topography is characterized by

a. flat plans    b. rugged mountains              c. swift rivers                d. sinkhole ponds

 

31. Petrified wood is formed when the minerals in groundwater

a. preserve the decaying wood in buried trees

b. replace the decaying wood in buried trees

c. change the structure of the decaying wood in buried trees

d. form a protective coating on buried trees

 

32. Dripstone forms from

a. granite                          c. calcite

b. silica                         d. iron

 

33. Calcite deposits around mineral springs are called

a. travertine              b. paint pots      c. dripstone              d. fumaroles

 

 

Match the definitions in Column A with the terms in Column B.

 

            Column A                                                             Column B

34. Part of the ground where                                       A. water table

      all pore spaces are filled                                                B. hillside spring

35. Area where water rises from                             C. capillary fringe

      water table by capillary action                           D. zone of aeration

36. Surface of the zone of saturation                                  E. zone of saturation

37. Unsaturated area above the water table