Study Guide							Professor Wertheimer 
History 101 Final Exam

Below are potential short answers and essays for the final exam.  Be certain that you use 
the questions effectively; while you will not need to know all the material, if you only 
study half of it you risk that half not being on the exam.  Think about how the short 
answers and essays tie together and what short answers might fit in the essay questions as 
well.


Christian humanism		Petrarch 		Indulgences		Joan of Arc		
Pope Boniface VII		Galileo		Bruni			Erasmus
Elizabethan Settlement	Copernicus		Great Schism		Johannes Kepler	
Act of Supremacy 		Edict of Nantes	Council of Trent	Zwingli
The Dutch Revolt		Peace of Augsburg	Anabaptists		Montaigne
Treaty of Westphalia	Civic humanism	Spanish Armada	
Pico della Mirandola		Ignatius Loyola	Institutes of the Christian Religion


Possible Essay Questions:

1).  Using three of the following terms, compare and contrast the religious reform movements 
they represent.  How were they similar, how were they different, and why did those differences 
emerge?  You may find it useful to consider similarities and differences of both doctrine and 
practice.

Erasmus		Luther	     		Calvin 			Council of Trent


2).  Using at least three of the following individuals, explain the development of 
European thought from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries.  Your answer should 
consider what subjects they studied, how they studied them, and why their thought 
differed.

Petrarch	Bruni		Erasmus	{Montaigne} 		Galileo


3).   In addition to causing great religious upheaval, the Reformation had a significant 
impact on how European nations addressed religious affairs both within their borders 
and beyond them.  Using the three nations below, discuss the political impact of the 
Reformation.  How did different nations deal with the Reformation, and what effect 
did their policies have on their relations with other nations?

England			France				Holy Roman Empire