漢語拼音方案

一 字母表

1. Table of Characters

万 v 只用來拼寫外來語, 少數民族語言和方言. ^#
万 v are only used to write the sounds of foreign loanwords, minority languages and dialects. ^#

字母的手寫體依照拉丁字母的一般書寫習慣.
The letters' form are the same as those in the widely used Latin alphabet.

二 聲母表

2. Table of Initials (Consonants)

ㄅ 波 b			ㄆ 坡 p			ㄇ 模 m			ㄈ 佛 f
ㄉ 得 d			ㄊ 特 t			ㄋ 訥 n			ㄌ 勒 l
ㄍ 哥 g			ㄎ 科 k			ㄏ 喝 h
ㄐ 基 j			ㄑ 欺 q			ㄒ 希 x
ㄓ 知 zh			ㄔ 蚩 ch			ㄕ 詩 sh			ㄖ 日 r
ㄗ 資 z			ㄘ 雌 c			ㄙ 思 s

在給漢字註音的時候, 為了使拼式簡短, zh, ch, sh, 可以省作 , , .
When romanising hanzi, for the purposes of shortening zh, ch, sh, they may be written , , .

三 韻母表

3. Table of Endings (Rhymes)

			｜ i 衣			ㄨ u 烏			ㄩ � 迂
ㄚ a 啊			｜ㄚ ia 呀			ㄨㄚ ua 蛙
ㄛ o 喔						ㄨㄛ uo 窩
ㄜ e 鵝			｜ㄜ ie 耶						ㄩㄜ üe 約
ㄞ ai 哀						ㄨㄞ uai 歪
ㄟ ei 欸						ㄨㄟ uei, ui 威
ㄠ ao 熬			｜ㄠ iao 腰
ㄡ ou 歐			｜ㄡ iou, iu 憂
ㄢ an 安			｜ㄢ ian 煙			ㄨㄢ uan 彎			ㄩㄢ üan 冤
ㄣ en 恩			｜ㄣ in 因			ㄨㄣ uen, un 溫			ㄩㄣ ün 暈
ㄤ ang 昂			｜ㄤ iang 央			ㄨㄤ uang 汪
ㄥ eng 亨的韻母			｜ㄥ ing 英			ㄨㄥ ueng 翁
(ㄨㄥong 轟的韻母)			ㄩㄥ iong 雍

1.

知, 蚩, 詩, 日, 資, 雌, 思, 等七個音節的韻母用 i 即: 等字拼作 zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si.
知, 蚩, 詩, 日, 資, 雌, 思, etc, these seven syllables' rhyme is approximated by i: these characters are romanised as zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si.

i
ji	qi	xi	zhi	chi	shi	ri	zi	ci	si

韻母 ㄦ 寫成 er, 用做韻母的時候寫成 r.
The rhyme ㄦ written as er, used as a rhyme ending is written as r.

例如, 兒童 拼作 ertong, 花兒 拼作 huar.
For example: 兒童 is romanised as ertong, but 花兒 is romanised as huar.

韻母 ㄝ 單用的時候寫成 ê.
The rhyme ㄝ when used alone is written as ê.

i 行的韻母, 前面沒有聲母的時候, 寫成

yi 衣, ya 呀, ye 耶, yao 腰, you 憂, yan 煙, yin 因, yang 央, ying 英, yong 雍.
When i is followed by a rhyme ending, but has no initial preceeding it, then it is written
yi 衣, ya 呀, ye 耶, yao 腰, you 憂, yan 煙, yin 因, yang 央, ying 英, yong 雍.

u 行的韻母, 前面沒有聲母的時候, 寫成


wu 烏, wa 蛙, wo 窩, wai 歪, wei 威, wan 彎, wen 溫, wang 汪, weng 翁.
When u is followed by a rhyme ending, but has no initial preceeding it, then it become w
wu 烏, wa 蛙, wo 窩, wai 歪, wei 威, wan 彎, wen 溫, wang 汪, weng 翁.

ü 行的韻母跟聲母 j, q, x, 拼的時候, 寫成


ju 居, qu 區, xu 虛,
When ü is followed by a rhyme ending and follows the initials j, q, x, it is romanised as
ju 居, qu 區, xu 虛,

ü 上兩點也省略; 但是跟聲母 n, l 拼的時候, 仍然寫成

nü 女, lü 呂.
The two dots over ü may be omitted; but when it follows the initials n and l, it is romanised it is retained as in
nü 女, lü 呂.

iou, uei, uen 前面加聲母的時候, 寫成 iu, ui, un, 例如

niu 牛, gui 歸, lun 論.
When iou, uei, uen is preceeded by an initial, are written iu, ui, and un, e.g.
niu 牛, gui 歸, lun 論.

四 聲調符號

4. Tone Marks

聲調符號標在音節的主要母音上. 輕聲不標. 例如:
The tone mark is written over the principle vowel of the syllable. The unstressed tone is unmarked, e.g.

媽 ma1	麻 ma2	馬 ma3	罵 ma4	嗎 ma
ma－	maˊ	maˇ	maˋ	ma
陰平	陽平	上聲	去聲	輕聲
Yin Ping	Yang Ping	Shang Sheng	Qu Sheng	Qing Sheng
Tone 1	Tone 2	Tone 3	Tone 4	Unstressed Tone

[用注音符號的時候, 陰平不標, 輕聲標在音節的主要母音上, 寫成˙]
[When using ZhuYinFuhao, tone 1 is unmarked, and the unstressed tone is marked with the mark ˙]

例如:
For example:

ㄇㄚ˙ 嗎 ma

五 隔音符號

5. Separating Marks

例如 :
for example:

pi'ao 皮襖.

Sources:

• 商務新字典 Shangwu Xinzidian [Commercial Press, New Character Dictionary], 商務印書館 ShangWuYin ShuGuan [Commercial Press], ISBN 962-07-0140-2. Hong Kong.

© Dylan W.H. Sung.

This page was created on Sunday 3rd December 2000,
and last modified on Friday 8th December 2000.