Pronouns
A pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun. You use pronouns like "he," "which," "none," and "you" to make your sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive.
Grammarians classify pronouns into several types, including the personal pronoun, the demonstrative pronoun, the interrogative pronoun, the indefinite pronoun, the relative pronoun, the reflexive pronoun, and the intensive pronoun.
1- Personal Pronouns
A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and changes its form to indicate person, number, gender, and case.

( A) Subjective Personal Pronouns
"I," "you," "she," "he," "it," "we," "you," "they."
They:
In current usage it is common to speak of `science and technology' as if they were virtually synonymous  
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We:
As we will use the term in this study the history of technology can range over the whole history of humankind  
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She:
she was saying that her independence was appealing to her that she was happy to be on her own
???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? 

( B) Objective Personal Pronouns:
"me," "you," "her," "him," "it," "us," "you," and "them."
Me:
For this I am grateful to those students who have worked through the subject with me  
????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???  
Them:
recovering the metals from their natural ores and then forming them into tools and other desirable artefacts  
???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????  
Us:
It is this fact that justifies us in focusing particular attention on the phenomenon of technological revolution  
???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????  

(C ) Possessive Personal Pronouns:
"mine," "yours," "hers," "his," "its," "ours," and "theirs"
Mine:
including yours and mine
??? ??? "?????" ?"?????   
Yours:
when the tenor sings `Now that I've told you my story pray tell me yours  
????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????: "????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????... ???? ?? ?????? ???????  
Theirs:
the people of the world never developed a sense that the UN was theirs  
??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???  
2- Demonstrative Pronouns:
This" and "these" refer to things that are nearby either in space or in time, while "that" and "those" refer to things that are farther away in space or time.
This:
This has not been a comfortable period in world history  
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These:
these are likely to require a large amount of specialist knowledge which can only be acquired by a long apprenticeship  
?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????  

That:
From this it follows that technology is a humanistic study and a social study  
????? ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????  
Those:
It is particularly important for those periods of human history to which the misnomer `prehistory'
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3- Interrogative Pronouns:
"who," "whom," "which," "what" whoever," "whomever," "whichever," and "whatever "
Who:
who could supply the capital the machinery and the skilled craftsmen required to convert Watt's ideas into successful artefacts
??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????.
   Whomever:
Local school boards could continue to graduate whomever they wished  
??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????
What:
What is now beyond reasonable historical doubt is the fact that Europe was powerfully stimulated by Chinese technological superiority during the Middle Ages  
??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? 
4- Relative Pronouns:
"who," "whom," "that," and "which"
That:
From this it follows that technology is a humanistic study and a social study  
????? ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????
Which:  
developed rich cultural traditions with a philosophical profundity which was often lacking in the West  
?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????  
5- Indefinite Pronouns:
"all," "another," "any," "anybody," "anyone," "anything," "each," "everybody," "everyone," "everything," "few," "many," "nobody," "none," "one," "several," "some," "somebody," and "someone."
Nobody:
It was a surprising discovery which nobody had anticipated  
???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? 
Several:
The problem was that an exceptionally high temperature had to be sustained in a furnace for several hours in order to reduce the ore to a workable body of metallic iron  
????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????  :
Everything:
This is not an attempt to revive a discredited monocausal explanation for everything that has happened in modern history  
???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????  
6- Reflexive Pronouns:
myself," "yourself," "herself," "himself," "itself," "ourselves," "yourselves," and "themselves
Themselves:
Slowly therefore but none the less surely people acquired the tools which enabled them to impose themselves on the world around them  
??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????  
Herself:
of the seeds of the domesticated grasses we call after the goddess of agriculture herself
   ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????  ????? 

Itself:
the functional area of the city itself was extended by a free-fire cleared zone called a glacis
???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? 
7- Intensive Pronouns:
myself, himself, themselves
myself:
When I visited the school just a short bike ride from the neighborhood near the University of the Pacific where I myself had grown up  
??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???
Himself:
he proved his point by making both crossings himself  
????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????
Themselves:
Managers did not own the concern which they controlled in the interests of the shareholders even though they might have a share in it themselves  
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