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 R}ٿ [#j+l%BLOn8!qP,c.2tH$\x  Y4P!HT|!GwL qz &{FWA -cbAE=?D?Є.9jnmYGdXbg"!!U=?>~I%4ܨVn7(IQe p  4TT"ʜR8(,ܓOh;R䎱gJ,J`*nd:*g2lH (#&a,VG*/7
Ԧa  j cj.~Lc\IŞ3tS Q(kh&H9UhLCBBOQ
%c?Vc -2Λ0D)e.)[RoX̬oQUh{#eGbجpL! FL*vyaT.	 7% b                                                                                        W  X                                                                                               E     7 	  d  1>p  .   @i @  @                   J  ř=!@/    hp 

   hhE%at ];xָ /    hp 

  hhE%at ];xָ E     7 	  d  e>p  b   @i @p  @     =              O  ř8h	 G    h6  

   hhH~ż e
}txt G    h6  

  hhH~ż e
}txt E     7 	  d  3  1>2  @i @  @     e              T  ř8h@3    h@ 

   hhE%at lxt 3    h@ 

  hhE%at lxt E     7 	  d  ^  [2  @i @  @     f              Y  ř8hk;    h 

   hhE%Wt aa| ;    h 

  hhE%Wt aa| E     7 	  d  L^p  I   @i @p  @                   ^  ř8hWC    h  

   hh];伵xttt h񴪬t C    h  

  hh];伵xttt h񴪬t E     7 	  d  ^p     @i @p  @                   c  ř=!!UG    h  

   hhHtxҀtt G     h  

  hhHtxҀtt E   !  7 	  d  3^p   0   @i @p  @          !         h ! ř=!7   " h*  

   hhQ % Xx 7   # h*  

  hhQ % Xx E   $  7 	  d"  8>p#  5   @i @p  @     ,    $         m $ ř=!!	'   % w
m( 0          ( TextField r % Lwp8E]i @   m   & gyt>Hb NG    %3     /*V5E8      %
Obö
=|7ls & k{9ˆz@i @  ?{  ' U.:Z=5`     /cSPD	yfe[ nD& ̛/,vq0\ƙi`	M_ ":d  ?   ?":d     ":d     .ƙ#o`     0.j  & A/Hr!5: /.A xL \\:]10 DdL c6Bk	3/7g ^hLc tEdf Ș#8l;Ȅ ٳf \n& 3͘9 q28|GA+u0^Yf	@33& ݜLlk1ZXdSP ?H  ( TzzG}C^     "Ȋ 3 ޔ#8I.	t2#s H	$@^x  ?   ?^x     ^x     ^x      0 Xv9RrO,}9mŇsyQ 'Rx<iHt鬞I妽HDߋ<Wq "`o@N@369'rgŇd74@ \XvDQ fRNuO y  ?{  ) U.:Z=6      /cSPD	yfe[ nD& ̛/,vq0\ƙi`	M_ ":d  ?   ?":d     ":d     .ƙ"@     0.  & A/Hr!5: /.A xL \\:]10 DdL c6Bk	3/7g ^hLc tdf Ș#8l;Ȅ ٳf \n& 3͘9 q28|H+u0^Yf	@33& ݜLlk1ZXdSP     * U[)8  IO䲜ˑ6r    +  T '   (    	(    	 9    )   (     d 9    *        textfield.maxscroll   3 
  textfield.scroll  3   textfield.scroll   textfield.scroll   1 
 t + k%9wi @  ?x  , U.:Z=5`     /cSPD	yfe[ nD& ̛/,vq0\ƙi`	M_ ":d  ?   ?":d     ":d     .ƙ#m`     0Ig8wY %͖ij/2l]ƹs n<&K 55(u$[3L3 ܈Mr6vp`,ٌ7$ Lff :q=D3g^ nD& Л?<vq0ᎄ	 Lf00 DH8"`"K7"_iiM8Jb$Ǆ      -  T ,   (     @(     @ 9    '   (       9    *        1   textfield.scroll  3   textfield.scroll   textfield.scroll   1  y - k%9e|@i @  @ I 

䑁i @ 4	r i @ 4	s i @ 4	t i @ 4	y i @ 4@ I 44cwi @ l	r i @ l	s i @ l	t i @ l	y i @ l@ I ^^4gi @ 	r i @ 	s i @ 	t i @ 	y i @ @ I 	Wi @ ؉	r i @ ؉	s i @ ؉	t i @ ؉	y i @ @ I ׯi @	r i @	s i @	t i @	y i @@ I -,Ri @D	r i @D	s i @D	t i @D	y i @D@ I 5A&i @x	r i @x	s i @x	t i @x	y i @x@ I S5Ai @	r i @	s i @	t i @	y i @@ I -5i @	r i @	s i @	t i @	y i @@ I B[5wi @	r i @	s i @	t i @	y i @@ I W5``i @P	r i @P	s i @P	t i @P	y i @P@ I lƶc5I@i @	r i @	s i @	t i @	y i @@ I Ł52 i @	r i @	s i @	t i @	y i @@ I Ŗl5i @	r i @	s i @	t i @	y i @@ I ū5`i @(	r i @(	s i @(	t i @(	y i @(@ I t1؂Pi @`	r i @`	s i @`	t i @`	y i @`@ I 1i @	r i @	s i @	t i @	y i @@ I |1{i @̉	r i @̉	s i @̉	t i @̉	y i @@ ?k     textfield X  Click on any of the topic buttons to see that trend in the periodic table of elements.  ?    
   home I 	r 	s 	t 	y @  I J O T Y ^ c h m r s t y ?=    textfield * The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.  This number increases by one each time you move to the right.  It also increases as you move down.  It is this number that separates one element from the next.  The trend for atomic number is increasing down and to the right.  ?         ř8j_ i @  "   . u<X  ɕUDݯ F .   0   / e0-%   ( fff5NvD45NwvC! / aaT析4   0 `6+ 	
  hhTSLv,ȀyrbM9  0 aaT  Ƒ  ř=!@   ř8h	    ř8h@   ř8hk   ř8hW   ř=!!U  ! ř=!  $ ř=!!    1 mqq x.@    mY (KwjjjGGG777x-&  L-a  333x L!, 333x20 L2 , 333x. L25 , 333x20 x110 L.倰 333L1O@, 333x10 L1@, 333 Pj^:U@9387אL ml &jDia+cvl) g]ZbS;]n׏.<X\Bюo`=+ xX饭cqXGdL1JNo*7C(EC$	0"Jueld5ѥkiv    K+.J/H RB  U  TMN  SL  4t]T s`-{bqWqV؏!XDͱDY6*:ؠvX&7;3iͩbՍ^	neD.2266>궛QG͜ex_"
{zHQdp]3':mv;A-v+(v+ ZO?   2 dQ"     C  d  x  UA(  AW p.A" @.ѩ  9r a%c> 3, v  3ǺPOE\  H B) "o > /EP) P (   3 `$$
 

 TTuxѠe׈Հ i   4  \ 1   2  i @h3  +}+'1   2   @h    1   2   @h @0       <   4 {z&R  % Lwp8E] & k{9ˆz@ + k%9w  - k%9e|@ @  oo ooY`@  }}>) }}!@  YZ0sXc YZ0sX4@  i,X+t i,XX@  RLd R{@  ijܲFX ijܲF؟ʪ@  1NN 1Ë@  %&OaCπ %&Oa,d@  Z ZsP @  p{ZI p{ZS@  =>t  =>3@  ̃f]L0 ̃f]?`@  1O 1B@  (SБ (FP@  X,.Ȓ X,.կ	I@  ##Zܩ(ؑ ##ZܩJ@  *Z*}ɾΑ *Z*}ȣ(@  11MT 11M2@  98!虲 98!@  @@ @ @@ @O@  GnG> GnG>ޗ@  NNNn̪ NNNnmx@  UʪUi? UʪUiT@  \|\ƣ=՞t \|\ƣ=̋2@  d&ckd d&c@  kVk" Z kVk"ͨ@  rBrJϖ!N rBrJ7@  yyzH yyzƝ@  ŀp]`  ŀp]U@  ňx1	 ňx1^@  ŏ<ǞqG  ŏ<Ǟq9@  Ŗl6.iA Ŗl6.iF @  ŝ^bI  ŝ^bȈ} @  Ťd[yI Ťd[yȵ @  ūTM!:  ūTMW@  ų"ّMm
w  ų"ّM	#@  źR)Eʴ  źR)EIZ@  B> B>-ɑ@ ?       D6M-  D6t @        ?    
   values   <  c( 1 	 1& 
 SF4  SD  1B  14  uB  0 SE&    W )  u4  4  A R` c@ t  Ѕ  Е `A A A !    ! 4 " AI# F4 $  % a & A '  (  ) B * 4 + bW, - "W. / W0 W1 `2 BW3 W4 m"W5 ~W6 W7 \BW8 KbW9 :W: )W; Kb < m" = B >  ? Ѐ@ ЀA AЀB  C b D " E ! F  G `t H t I  R`J  c@K  `R`   5 b  	
   L 5    6 bP 	
   M 6 !   7 b0   	
  / N 7 Ļ!   8 b20P  	
  B O 8 ƀ!   9 b}2@P  	
  / P 9 р!   : b2P  	
  / Q : ܀!   ; b{@P  	
  / R ; b9   < b/  	
   S < N!   = b2(   	
   T = !   > b}pP  	
   U > ǀ!   ? b}2HP  	
   V ? Ҁ!   @ b2PP  	
   W @ ݀!   A b{HP  	
   X A : !   B b}   	
  / Y B Ȁ!   C b}20P  	
  R Z C Ӏ,   D bx @ 	
    ķ%0 % [ D Ӏ/   E bp30( 	
    zZ	b@ BXe% \ E r9 !   F b}(   	
   ] F =ɀ!   G bxpP  	
   ^ G =Ԁ!   H b|2(   	
   _ H =߀%   I bP` 	
    ` I B!   J b} P  	
  / a J ^5 !   K bx   	
  / b K ^6 !   L b|2 P  	
  / c L ^7 !   M b}   	
   d M  !   N bx(   	
   e N  !   O b|2   	
   f O  !   P b1; ` 	
  7l g P @:!   Q b}P  	
  / h Q U !   R bx P  	
  / i R V !   S b|2P  	
  / j S W k P Q*:!   T b}PP  	
   l T 5 !   U bx   	
   m U 6 !   V b|2PP  	
   n V 7 o P b; !   W b}@   	
  / p W U !   X bxP  	
  / q X V !   Y b|2@   	
  / r Y W s P r:@!   Z b}HP  	
   t Z r@!   [ bxPP  	
   u [  !   \ b|2HP  	
   v \ w P :!   ] b}0P  	
  J x ] r!   ^ bx@   	
  / y ^ @!   _ b|20P  	
  r z _  { P :!   ` b}2pP  	
   | ` )r!   a bxHP  	
   } a )!   b b{pP  	
   ~ b )@   c b P 	
    c 8!   d b2 P  	
  /  d 90!   e b}0P  	
  /  e 9s`!   f bx0P  	
  Z  f 9 !   g b{P  	
  /  g 9   h b/XP 	
    h Ǩ !   i b2   	
    i ǩ0!   j b}2(P  	
    j ǩs!   k b2pP  	
    k ǩ`!   l b{(P  	
    l ǩ    m bH  	
    m H`!   n b2P  	
  /  n I1 !   o b}2 P  	
  /  o Is!   p b0P  	
  /  p I!   q b{ P  	
  /  q I`   r b/PP 	
    r !   s b2PP  	
    s 1`!   t b}2P  	
    t t !   u b2(P  	
    u 鹶!   v b{P  	
    v    w b/8P 	
    w X!   x b2@   	
  /  x Y0@!   y b}2P  	
  /  y Ys !   z b2 P  	
  /  z Y!   { b{P  	
  /  { Y   | b/0  	
    | d*!   } b2pP  	
    } d;p!   ~ b2HP  	
    ~ dL !    b}2PP  	
     d\!    b2P  	
     dm!    b{PP  	
     d~0"    bP@ 
  7s0   /
B ?    ]L<0z   Re~ '~ dDppHH ' )ۉ黀rpig   *i @j     \ 1   2  i @h3  +}+'1   2   @h    1   2   @h @0           {z&Rhn < @   I K L M O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~                                                 ?y    textfield f The atomic mass is the amount of matter, on average, making up an atom of the element.  In general, it represents the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.   It is measured in atomic mass units (AMU)  which are 1/12th of a Carbon 12 atom.   The general trend is for the atomic mass to increase as the atomic number increases (to the right and down).    ?      =   c*  1  1& SF4 SD	 1B
 14 uB 0 SE&   W )  u4 4 A Rh cH t( Ѕ Е `A A A !    4 AI  F4!  " a # A $  %  & B' 4( bW) * "W+ , W- W. `/ BW0 W1 m"W2 ~W3 W4 \BW5 KbW6 :W7 )W8 Kb 9 m" : B;  < Р= Р> AР?  @ b A " B ! C D `t(E t(F RhG cHH `RhFI . L J / aaT析K 0 aaTM  ř8j i @ N  ƑO  ř=!@= T  ř8h	 = Y  ř8h@= ^  ř8hk= c  ř8hW= h  ř=!!U= m ! ř=!= r $ ř=!!= w % Lwp8E]x & k{9ˆz@y + k%9w= ~ - k%9e|@= @ J ooK ooY`@ J }}>)K }}!@ J YZ0sXcK YZ0sX4@ J i,X+tK i,XX@ J RLdK R{@ J ijܲFXK ijܲF؟ʪ@ J 1NNK 1Ë@ J %&OaCπK %&Oa,d@ J ZK ZsP @ J p{ZIK p{ZS@ J =>t K =>3@ J ̃f]L0K ̃f]?`@ J 1OK 1B@ J (SБK (FP@ J X,.ȒK X,.կ	I@ J ##Zܩ(ؑK ##ZܩJ@ J *Z*}ɾΑK *Z*}ȣ(@ J 11MTK 11M2@ J 98!虲K 98!@ J @@ @K @@ @O@ J GnG>K GnG>ޗ@ J NNNn̪K NNNnmx@ J UʪUi?K UʪUiT@ J \|\ƣ=՞tK \|\ƣ=̋2@ J d&ckdK d&c@ J kVk" ZK kVk"ͨ@ J rBrJϖ!NK rBrJ7@ J yyzHK yyzƝ@ J ŀp]` K ŀp]U@ J ňx1	K ňx1^@ J ŏ<ǞqG K ŏ<Ǟq9@ J Ŗl6.iAK Ŗl6.iF @ J ŝ^bI K ŝ^bȈ} @ J Ťd[yIK Ťd[yȵ @ J ūTM!: K ūTMW@ J ų"ّMm
w K ų"ّM	#@ J źR)Eʴ K źR)EIZ@ J B>K B>-ɑ@ ?    =  J D6M- K D6t @       	 
             I K N O T Y ^ c h m r w x y ~ ?     textfield r  The periodic table ends up having some nice "blocks" that coincide with the orbitals of the valence electrons.    ?         x 4>I               "وuf&!fkt%#@C3@]7@"=yʅ{*1aipn{o%vWBvLQ    +   " 1   #C"CE5@MJ7S 5h{)( 8.O.R cKskMtW8^LNK֦% J)#0*p0245$|ꔶtf n6x	f 5gWNˆrj%ݬѾs1։ 5if C=da'mq87%.q'fgzS7@a%Ϣ	lf\;4LTA*	u3Xįg*&@5ir 2ys&vUBˎ!be(97
	H&@& 6t10@)@'JnlLv@y7@^ٲ].%[m"gN   (5LEݍo9+wݬ\}ŗؤDSnh 5ix+ҢPDC eum+)6yK3̲˦캯q;6i0	U9a	/8eɊ	"SRgnuF 5iwC2t ݄Ҥt33"4h $oKy3aҀM${5th8rTNS% , JȢ$NI*@p@;<Sȕ@xe79@Bɂ\뀖%| 5`*k4lXާɬh8pR۵@ 5ie "uzWNe ;	sj[f4X$7Xڒ<3.*$LH2&x0q21+ P	t%F KinPF%Iyt "V g(t` wp (
ˋ 5ibymav}ir ;Yٖѷ҈VL rtQRKhH4ח@ [bJ#SL M2)B*9a	@=8SXe9i@D~\W| 5I}J7#q=o'*܎p 5iVf[y@& Ǯ*pV 17`[T3p]\2\@h=7@4##Ҙ< 5GdK.|XcM..F &r B#
b$&C1*bS D6N쐜Js_C M.6'3 AY5fZu$hTڒWb~ܚp[%=C)Ryzp 5cSQ9Vhlf)@' !x$ig%	lÇu3{T~h(*@11u0?\-M>  5dAxi~]/ $*a@0E%dTiM& P"  u1!r@"YdUNj:h	@L?jS֛m׵h       Arial Black-0123456789Hdefps#    PL 	  hp  L   #    PL 	  hp  L   $#    P,N 	   h  $    @#    P,N 	   h  D   @#    P, 	   h  d   d(#    P,ËN 	   h  T    (#    P,N 	   h  t   p#    P,N 	   h  4 	  @#    PL 	  ̐hǀ  $ 
  g#    PL 	  ̐hǀ  t   *#    P 	  ̐hǀ     *#    PL 	  ̐hǀ     )*#    PL 	  ̐hǀ     A*&    X@h  	  ̐hǀ  $(@   )*#    PL 	  ̐hǀ  4   4#    PL 	  ̐hǀ  D   d#    PËL 	  ̐hǀ  T   ͔#    P 	  ̐hǀ  d   Ī  e  c* 1 1& SF4 SD 1B 14 uB 0  SE&!  " W# ) $ u4% 4& A' Rh( cH) t(* Ѕ+ Е, `A- A. A/ ! 0  1 42 AI3 F44  5 a 6 A 7  8  9 B: 4; bW< = "W> ? W@ WA `B BWC WD m"WE ~WF WG \BWH KbWI  :WJ  )WK  Kb L  m" M  BN   O  РP  РQ  AРR   S  b T  " U  ! V  W  `t(X  t(Y  RhZ  cH[  `Rh\  ř8j i @ ]  Ƒ^  ř=!@e c  ř8h	 e h  ř8h@e m  ř8hke r  ř8hWe w  ř=!!Ue | ! ř=!e  $ ř=!!e  % Lwp8E] & k{9ˆz@ + k%9we  - k%9e|@e  #    Ű\( f  5WND9ʇ9/    ř8pÀ  ų2ٙ8l   f8h‏  f38c  /r   C3iG  ř8pT*@  ų2ٙ8l8  f8htI@  f38c\  /B8`  C3Q!`)    XRAh  	    h`  $I&0   $j!@         	 
           I J L N O P R S U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ c h m r w |                   ?    textfield  The atomic radius is half the distance between two nuclei  that are next to each other in the solid state.  In GENERAL, the trend increases down and to the left.    Since the distance between two atoms depends heavilly on the type of bonding between them, the atomic radius can actually change depending on the type of bond.   There are three useful radii to be aware of:   Covalent radius, van der Waals radius, and the atomic radius in Metals.  Ions will have a radius different than an atom of the same element.  In general a gain of electrons makes the radius larger while a loss of electrons makes it smaller.  As a result, negative ions tend to be larger than the neutral atom and positve ions tend to be smaller.  ?      f   c*  1  1&  SF4  SD	  1B
  14  uB  0  SE&     W  )   u4  4  A  Rh  cH  t( Ѕ Е `A A A !    4 AI  F4!  " a # A $  %  & B' 4( bW) * "W+ , W- W. `/ BW0 W1 m"W2 ~W3 W4 \BW5 KbW6 :W7 )W8 Kb 9 m" : B;  < Р= Р> AР?  @ b A " B ! C D `t(E t(F RhG cHH `RhZ   itFU@ )L5~=   KKK)L5#=   KKK  (  "	:{8 @ y'Nmƛn u<4e.&wc\36igx *ʗEc52˛@ 	+t{<5Xڟ]ghjfL}}Z*N5 .p +%;>j
!@\|`IjJ
$j
|          5Cg G Z`mF)Q@t`u@        5B G Z`mF)Q@t`u K      8 :   @-Lnx7F\c 5dfahQ
DFS	JpZpw(%?o	,`Y5&NG- 3ةrJ_Oր%&$,ǖ@  5he zw,nrݵ:EP\_;ILP+)ڠ*|L f5.c|BΙ5f㹏5"7vȀ7P< sF ny0  5N}yCq
#Im᩷,|#N 5jۄr^5xi82dv+
U'a-}k3	r}pSI/f/@	>c" 5fv >ptAxU~9h*0	
I6mATFUMUO60SL:$ M̘r,˾f  5l6VۖrϷTw{$+Ą7 5jJV寍pۗnZG=\0( 5fv~Fn~5J?P򀷷T4
}`,iå`qȍUwQ[]}Zbk
el|	Π( 5kӖ叟nr$ܰs4q/o~8FØ@  5df^ .qbh" \RL C(t$n]u󯧻帎)kjIt/%LK]Obnԟ)3e(
7˳||sKZnc]p RJX  <Dnj3p$PՖ 5cBPm@&a @G~F   "8h%iOe;rHϺ S'+%^6 * ؖ%y 5F雀V`yP'jU iΑrwu/͆a44Xݼ8E̍l3T%C*|Ѯ\ `) 5hƑVf\j`& } _' ^HX@&Y AJ7 U&w%by+ ؖ%5K4ۗ
%q" q/x,դgpDȤꇂ(@	P-RތMʛQ61E@`M6ej 5cZP,%b9)S(rRg"#7ܹ V|uI6g%@e#.B=MD n\i4 5cZPӖ#XJfr 5cZVӖ# 5jzvAT(` Orhc.UI%.b]D ܹ۳ YX&f#.b]PB n\one&dZ 	YLVTL+U:Qp  5c.SFi xeNDIQ@=R.|7^o=IfQ-KT3z,7.q 5dx MO58`4& ߚ{m 
I."@ޘu8 7	RT&1.[zڭ$@[U6Px 5c&S3afyUje$
p~J&Z.P˧-#AFdTـf! {b[ h&( N 5cS%E(MoDV ۨ-8@I.OM˧-A 5d.m 5$ԌQ}1&ӄ7,I`#&33a,ńs $͆i4:ѾD8ZSeY $K (6^ݭf Fc}   5d\6(7Z  5 %1Ya =$<w ݌l`ll lFW{  5hPf\j`%khZnP^q jBP9%H 
 ݐn#@5H֯>C-B{\UI V %    Arial 02=ACGMNRWabcdehilmnoprstuv    PL8 	  X L  6      s'H@1   %̤UOM   9    h n  
  @h"	2 2%Yr#& i dq N  \    P[  	  @h  O   FP . S  0    d|%   ( fff-s/|a&S8b>ݢȠ Q  55TVީhؓR 0 55TVޣT  ř8jl i @ U  Ƒ  ř=!@f   ř8h	 f   ř8h@f   ř8hkf   ř8hWf   ř=!!Uf  ! ř=!f  $ ř=!!f     mIUq +^0    ah (KwjjjGGG777#3x-Z -  333#3xH !P, 333#3x2| 0 2, 333#3x.n  6 333#3x6` #3x1h@0 . 3331 , 333#3x5 5#  333 Pkѡm3-p1M S
 Itԑ 	  q<ދ숍JbcȀD_FFV@uqF;<]OAX0"tn+;ѿZ;n1*c\UO5^nFP>H`G DRG]"Z!NM+;jJ  g <   ,Y   Z 5  
f  Xu?ػ5FnBA8^rT7DY6*/k?J?\@jcDvpAkZ>P(Q.:2MigG͌e^_"
t^Etr̜aڍ?A-v3(v+P 0    `8 	 +* ZDzd%     mK+^0     aװ (KwjjjGGG777#3x-_P -@ 333#3xP !tP 333#3x2~@T 2 P 333#3x.rP 6 333#3x6 #3x1jT .@ 3331@P 333#3x5 5$@ 333 P˵6Ӿ`L( $mRF &jdÂ#]}ױz;}LA;lbދߗJ..!zhz/!Һ>ZދMЇJ8Ft٘Aڰ+'Z֏
1xGKh4mcWȂ]G]1;%w܄3}Ec_,8UTUe!& q	\.ki-iUz, wAظ6S	/kXmpAH ̳Tf R@ , H -S@Up U hx3S ,:)wM.]_**6Cɋzi5W{vQ(;sΔAڍψ-6D.ⱟ(v x     k    2  G@ pi @h  ͗2#"߂   2  9@ @P @h       2  9@ @P @h @0           s|Rf (    `
%8 	 	:zs%է$Np x     k    2  G@ pi @h  ͗2##   2  9@ @P @h       2  9@ @P @h @0           s|Rf )    `)8 
 	8rXo'.6NR x     k    2  G@ pi @h  ͗2#o   2  9@ @P @h       2  9@ @P @h @0           s|Rf  % Lwp8E] & k{9ˆz@ + k%9wf  - k%9e|@f @ Q GGR GG#@ Q ZaZb,ޠ,#R ZaZb,ޙ'@ Q llTV'@R llTV+@ Q YZ.ޖ+R YZ.ޏ/@ Q ёΰ\.R ёΰ3@ Q MNQO]2R MNQO]7@ Q ɶTJR ɶT5@ Q EG$-#R EG$-=?@ Q ۽ۿY?>R ۽ۿY;tC@ Q 9;{g=AR 9;{g8G@ Q  Z-+pR  Z-+͟@ Q 	M6CdR 	M6@ Q ҉i¾}AͰXR ҉i¾}Ab@ Q 	³LULR 	³LU@ Q %N¨W!̉>R %N¨W!%@ Q .Ga2R .Gaʆ@ Q 7ʛAlc&R 7ʛAl @ Q AqwR AqwI@ Q JF#}];R JF#}]Ȫ@ Q Srٍ)ɨR Srٍ)@ Q \`hR \`ht(@ Q e]5ȁR e]5ͭx(@ Q o8RispR o8Ri`|(@ Q xx<GiwPR xx<Giő@ Q Ł<5{R Ł<5@ Q Ŋy1	g~R Ŋy1	T"@ Q Ŕ0')Š R Ŕ0')õ@ Q ŝjε]R ŝjε]@ Q ŦVuz"R ŦVux@ Q ůE棈R ůE&@ Q Ź$ܒpԩ R Ź$ܒpNƀ@ Q b1p\ R b1p'* @ Q ˢ*kp R ˢ*kwjG@ Q o pe R o w׊ @ Q \pA*R \w
Ȁ@ Q XpJOR Xwk@ Q K݊;w R K݊;w`J @ Q $wҪɀR $w9@ ?    f  Q @t1%zR @t1%R@ Q R  ?q    textfield B The Covalent radius is measured from the center of the nucleus to the valence shell of that atom while it is in a covalent bond.  This fits the trend with the exception of the noble gasses (far right column).  The noble gasses have no real covalent attraction to themselves so they behave as though they are large atoms.   textfield.scroll   1  ?    
	   covalent  F    D cP    666  5	<M K(ːp42(g3Jw* p V  zz	bpW  :NM X  Ǯ4(@Y  ɑdzꒀZ  \(W
)b[   zE`\  zSE砏]  ,̥BP^  ɽpo\)C_  zM)3`  ~N	@a  p\(9b  ɞg9c  QTzJd  s3\Je  8QNM[f  W
U[Ӟg  +JMlh  @ P li  +JM~Cj  p\(%I	@k  W
U-	@l  LS36E	@m  GQ?	@n  +JNGD`o  =pO\G@砏p  BPGA	@q  (J=NO`r  @ P O砏s  BPO	@t  J=RNX5	@u  GQX4砏v  &fIX8`w  +JN`8`x  W
U`0砏y  W
U`1	@z  @ P h`{  hZ=Nh砏|  p\(h	@}  G9 ~  @ P q$  @ P q$`  ɀ ` q砏  Ɍc3q	@  Ŋ<9   +JNy  8QNNy`  ffYy砏  Ɋ=bNy	@  ff3=   FfO@)(  5Mp@1  hZ=O@9  ɅaG@BP  Q=   
=BOEp)(  +JOEn1  ^WEj9  ɇaEfBP  G=&P   p=&0  #HI1  TzUI9  O\SM!   ɽpo\M)(  xM1  !phz  =sh  b@ ?iJi @y     k    2  G@ pi @h  ͗2#"߂   2  9@ @P @h       2  9@ @P @h @0       f    s|Rh%	D  @ P n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~                              ?    textfield  Van der Waals radius is a measurement of the size of the atoms when they are not bonded to another atom.  It is defined as half the smallest distance between two neighboring atoms that are not bonded.  The general trend is still followed that down and to the left results in an increasing radii.  The noble gasses present an exception to that trend.   Note that empty boxes imply that no data is available either because it has not been measured or could not be measured.   textfield.scroll   1  ?    
   vanderwaals V 33L0'W 8QNOMX '$EY 'E`Z 8R'
CE砍[ O\)냂BP\ 
=GM! ] ٙvfNy ^    i)(_ Ɋ=bO@! ` gy@)(a @1b #3C6zc ffYEx! d ٙvfOEp)(e    [ff #3CZzg YVfOI! h ]sOI)(i 3|I1j 3fsazk əffOM! l z=M)(m ~M1 b@ SJ  s|R y     k    2  G@ pi @h  ͗2#o   2  9@ @P @h       2  9@ @P @h @0       f    s|Rh'	  @   ?Z    textfield + The atomic radius in metals is defined as the half the distance between two adjacent nuclei while in a crystalline metal.  This also follows the trend of increasing size as you go to the left and down across the table.  Missing values imply either that the radius has not or could not be measured.   textfield.scroll   1  ?    
	   inmetals V Y33KW ɅaG X !GHQ) Y Ɋ=bMꒀZ əff)b[ "$QE`\ =q'#E砍] S3fsBP^ S~)C_ 2fSJL砍` ¢S%BPa #3C"Kb ɜ*g
9c [s9d s4\Je s3\Jf QT{[g n[M[Ӟh @P Mli \)W
Mlj =qO\M~Ck \(W
~;l ɏ^c׎%I	@m n[N-	@n  ^WN6E	@o  ^W?	@p  =qO\NGD`q  TyUNG@砏r  W
UGA	@s  @ P O`t  YVfO砏u  \(W
O	@v  aGXQX5	@w  aFXQX4砏x  @ P X8`y  GQ`8`z  p\)`0砏{  p\)`1	@|  T{Uh`}  }q_\Nh砏~  əffh	@  Ũz9   n[q$  8RNq$`  ɡHhRq砏  ɳ4lq	@  :NNy`  hZ=Ny砏   p y	@  =   {E@)(  @ P @1  Ɍc2@BP  32=   F=  n[OEj9  ɫjOEfBP  pQ=&P   
"Chz b@ gJy     k    2  G@ pi @h  ͗2##   2  9@ @P @h       2  9@ @P @h @0       f    s|Rh'	    s|R @  K L O T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z { | } ~                                   ?R    textfield ? The metallic properties or metallic strength of elements follows the trend that to the left and down is an increase .  The properties include:  a tendancy to lose electrons, being solid at room temperature (except mercury) being malleable, being good conductors of heat and electricity and having a metallic luster.    ?       FI . L J  55TVީhؓK 0 55TVޣM  ř=!Wi @ N  ƑO  ř=!@ T  ř8h	  Y  ř8h@ ^  ř8hk c  ř8hW h  ř=!!U m ! ř=! r $ ř=!! w % Lwp8E]x & k{9ˆz@y + k%9w ~ - k%9e|@ @ J GGK GG#@ J ZaZb,ޠ,#K ZaZb,ޙ'@ J llTV'@K llTV+@ J YZ.ޖ+K YZ.ޏ/@ J ёΰ\.K ёΰ3@ J MNQO]2K MNQO]7@ J ɶTJK ɶT5@ J EG$-#K EG$-=?@ J ۽ۿY?>K ۽ۿY;tC@ J 9;{g=AK 9;{g8G@ J  Z-+pK  Z-+͟@ J 	M6CdK 	M6@ J ҉i¾}AͰXK ҉i¾}Ab@ J 	³LULK 	³LU@ J %N¨W!̉>K %N¨W!%@ J .Ga2K .Gaʆ@ J 7ʛAlc&K 7ʛAl @ J AqwK AqwI@ J JF#}];K JF#}]Ȫ@ J Srٍ)ɨK Srٍ)@ J \`hK \`ht(@ J e]5ȁK e]5ͭx(@ J o8RispK o8Ri`|(@ J xx<GiwPK xx<Giő@ J Ł<5{K Ł<5@ J Ŋy1	g~K Ŋy1	T"@ J Ŕ0')Š K Ŕ0')õ@ J ŝjε]K ŝjε]@ J ŦVuz"K ŦVux@ J ůE棈K ůE&@ J Ź$ܒpԩ K Ź$ܒpNƀ@ J b1p\ K b1p'* @ J ˢ*kp K ˢ*kwjG@ J o pe K o w׊ @ J \pA*K \w
Ȁ@ J XpJOK Xwk@ J K݊;w K K݊;w`J @ J $wҪɀK $w9@ ?      J @t1%zK @t1%R@      	 
                        ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K M N O T Y ^ c h m r w x y ~ ?    textfield 	 Ionization energy is the amount of energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electron from a neutral gaseous atom.  The higher the ionization energy, the less likely it is that an atom will lose the electron.  The general trend is increasing energy up and to the right.    Notice that the ionization energies of the noble gases (far right) are the most difficult to remove an electron from while the alkali metals (far left) are the easiest to remove an electron from.   Be sure to click on the graph button above.  ?      ř=!i @   Ə % Lwp8E] & k{9ˆz@ + k%9w 
 - k%9e|@      c*  1  1&  SF4  SD  1B  14  uB  0  SE&     W  )   u4  4  A  Rh  cH  t(  Ѕ  Е  `A  A  A  !      4  AI  F4     a   A         B  4  bW    "W    W  W  `  BW  W  m"W  ~W  W  \BW  KbW  :W  )W  Kb   m"   B     Р  Р  AР     b   "   !     `t(  t(  Rh  cH  `RhF .   / -.]p@ 0 -.]wJ_  ř=!@   ř8h	    ř8h@  ř8hk  ř8hW  ř=!!U ! ř=! $ ř=!!  k    MseM  
   
  
    =7kG?KC;Z[Rt1FZ& hd @$0 F$@4 vI iiQ+u ?n    oK      
  
    "--ȂI`I!´H! q" h4Āai z%rL 409T ab t5!- "    `X. 
   03isiih* )              X                       i     \ 1   2  i @h3  +}+'1   2   @h    1   2   @h @0          s|SR @  *y*zHW
 *y*zHW≀@  HHZJq@ HHZJ{ @  ffJAa ffJAl@  ak=\(R ak=\R^@  ]^<2C  ]^<#P`@  `@<3 `@+B`@  ݆݅.GFz$` ݆݅.G44@@  VOSPj VOS=%@  
9ťV 
9f!@  Py} Py @  )	(y )	( @  7E:uБ 7E:{@  Eܢ³EL!| Eܢ³EL6x@  T" _ T" _Rt@  bxo5_ bxo5mq@  q~! q~!Cf@  *k=ʜ *k=К@  ō*ƕX< ō*ƕX_@  ś͍Da ś͍Da@  Ũy0	y Ũy0	y@  Ŷ]đ Ŷ]@  j5ͷґ j5˕H@  Ds Ds\ @  ߔsDx ߔs,%%@  倍@s: 倍@sO@  h4zp  h4ssd@  @q%; @q%! @  
sB\Qދ8  
sB\Q@  Dcquސ|4@ Dcqui @  FU)՞t0h FU)՞$>(@  G+9p, G+9:@  %IB,h( %IB,7@  +tJ1ޤ\$ +tJ1ލ4P@  1Ltq/zT! 1Ltq/z1@  8$N	1&ޮH  8$N	1&ޖd-@  >lO18c޳@@ >lO18cޚ*p@  DQ*qE^<p DQ*qE^T'0@  JRqI5[4 JRqI5[#@ ?       QTa$6, QTa$68 @      
                                                                            

   showgraph d   uaBh  jls4!'   L5yNs? h    +g7;`WH1     %45\^6ʑ׿`g8ǹ%ŵy$9z? 	Ys/aW?xşx|&v"^|Dp-Oa$W?x$-^&C)j!9%,.S^1v..a3P`z]W\\gY\R[^3!^1sS+C~Y狾gsaǾ2*^-yUX\3Q;#'l,y9^2>''xFWP73AcȤ7Xꚼ^SiԮwAsb狺rKwdw8z5sXßڡg?8yyLiAcg?x:?%Ŗ-l<Z&RqqLwXs0i;ju&Alrge5NicFw0ɐ[=sL7);xs_^7  uZA Y>`*~`kq{y>/?+T~- n-Ed,--qzK^hs8>[^/`mM`[CIsQ\4⹁/%w{ES_492iȎvFC5g;R V+	[JsG??hoKK\8ܪ u3gHZf<^ 0FyQ[*Bb+ 4&Yv󴢨lOXiW;(9\|_SAf9us"gq); m'Ŏ7lyƄsovޠ"SЯtGqj|V^=|]	|Y'V<ZtxL54Aah^??8e0R8[X*<.ND,SmJ|gGp>`(5<q`/sx>kxP͘_=Vaq
-+;/,ʴ͙|_oDeq-.9>.0c4+ٗ;*4e8:'wů%懺*:Y,W[x#7˲qw ^qlO>hqp [mOiSqpveqnvdI*Cۘ"_Jf{|YրT;<5m2[I#s>     %jls4!'  %L5yNs? h  % +g7;`WH1     %?fW	-E..b5p`2El</[MD毌٢!%Иl  5NPEp    P\< 	
  	  5NKNp    P6X 	
  
  5NLYO    P4V 	
    5NLP    P ^ 	
    5NMQQ    P<W 	
    5NMS    P6[ 	
    5NN]T@     n{\V     %\7e'oxojyhه,{(}ZfZUi7@ѲH Z!ěњ$-LsV>KK9[Ɔsey{* WٱYPp/ e@Af`:P   5NPEp    P 	
 3 B   5NOaTp    P 	
 3 J   5NPSp    P( 	
 3TB   5NQyQP    P(ʘ 	
 3TJ   5NR%P`    P(ʘ 	
 3TR   5NROp    P( 	
 3TZ   5NS]N    P( 	
 3Tb   5NSM    P(ʘ 	
 3Tj   5NTL S    kD-5     %+b#&=
(G0Q=9L͇ZkO=aW`§zm~   5NPEp    P$^ 	
    5NTKP    X.F  	
 x   5NTG    XF  	
 x   5NUDP    XF  	
 x   5NU@    XF  	
 x   5NU=     XF  	
 x   5NU)9P    XF  	
 x   5NU55p !    ubr$8     ߵeGm58    5N[C    * , o   Ea}S6p` 5d.fJY`^`qU	&JW[ز#"lI ) bcW65a
ev@88W\ara&\W!_ bezRkiEj& n}iji@5-u	|ݾn! 5cg)1abV 	&fjmI	5AYU3?'N7 Ӏ#|- A YHϱȀ(S(D/  5h"|x\ݔ=fSٲF[j7 5ivSy.͟"/i6]>D^ 5E}OVv&gmW|	6w 5fٛ ؋N'C \ي .%
Vj& 3 6%O%[@),lL f5+3&5fFdL	 w[;@MySXo* & כC\`
=I}E/[.ڰe6okX0Q72ħ+=J"`xg!l @19Mr\8eMJ;VF 5blUO7SZuڇ+QjF<0(ja*I m]%ϳTkbh-,`orTS3 /Rz2 nTŹ@ AihKJ|hܶmk.֠ 5hlY>e+.R	wf⻛`ɏۀ6ʀQ(yM
TI̔ Û_k3ì ~+1Ue 5D_Ksk(;˶P TU6O`*P|)^;G(<]Y@%Ě\i甖H ' 7zٮ  _:j %~Y<a'IL0:V  5a*vhvW(X\bl.5blY>,] 5bvX%;Le=(	ZTZU%K\scأf ᗶ{Ǻ	kb[f5+Cأ[ 5dfm MKJ $ $dҤ& g [ [im[RoL ]1n xibZMhy6EǓ  5bvX/Xމ%? lK=t(-] 5d:fh ,+b1V.	$\|(@e\) i4e&ApݩUF+"̢ E0~9`]iKf[.]RHpb@ $2 0mVRi-p
)/s6i  5fvSw+(,	A'Jdj  ~vفf ZX`؟ٳaݾl.7` 5h2yQv-$\]5VOl.s =J  D40ݰ     Geneva ().04=FPabdeilnorstu(    `#h&h 	 hhCIͧЀim !  5NLmT`2    `	,&h 	
 3hh}zysX "  5NRYR;    hBp  	
 IER%@/~1i1UCD #  u5* @    up<.sH  (/& hd.AH! ) $3@0@0I4       
             z i @   @  NQA	 NIP
 NIR NJT0 NKiV0 NLEX@ NM!Z@ NQA NNZ NOX NRAUp NSUS NTYRP NUYP NVQO NWAN  NQA NWK NWE NX@  NX%:  NX94 NXM.  NXa'  Na=Ќ! NIZ`" NSW# 2k413@  b3XO	 b3T
 b3Up b3U b3_V b3Wd b3X b3XO b3X4 b3W b3Vl b3!U b3zUT b3T، b3+T\ b3~S b3XO b3R b3Q b3N b3L b3J̌ b3H b3Fx  b35N4! b3X$" b3@W8# [,Br
@  ŻslN	 ŻsUL
 Żs/V0 ŻsV ŻsWȌ ŻsGX ŻsY ŻslN ŻsgY ŻsX ŻsWp ŻsmV ŻsV ŻsSUp ŻsTЌ Żs-T0 ŻslN ŻsxS  ŻsP ŻsM ŻsK@ ŻsH ŻsE܌ ŻsC  ŻsL! Żs=Y" ŻsX|# N-ҁ@   v	 	w
 #U ? Z: x Vƌ  v Vь V H nU 呕 崕 ֕Q !  v Ō  S5 h  P   jR! '̌" zp# MOtR2Hh@  FF%>	 FFܕ
 FF FFV. FF<V FF_VԌ FF䂗' FF%> FF4 FFV FFTa FF偖! FF FFU FFUo FF"5 FF%> FF=Ɍ FF@ FFD FFGQ FFJQ FFM FFP  FF! FF-" FF# 
%4P@  xUxT)	 xUxTU
 xUxTV xUxTi xUxTɌ xUxTF( xUxTnW xUxT) xUxTW xUxTWE xUxTa xUxTVZ xUxT xUxTό xUxT!Ռ xUxTNJ xUxT) xUxTmT͌ xUxTpŌ xUxTt xUxTxQ xUxT{w xUxTY xUxTN+  xUxT#! xUxT׏" xUxT# 
75@@  %$.Ό	 %$
 %$P %$V %$ %$,| %$Z %$.Ό %$ %$ %$mV %$姖 %$ݖ@ %$ %$Gժ %$y_ %$.Ό %$Ҍ %$S %$Rj %$橑- %$歏 %$Τ %$O  %$Z}! %$" %$Wc#  U'
@  3ҕ	 U
 V ݌ V ό FH 3ҕ [  y( 庖ˌ n 3 mǌ Us 3ҕ Ռ ѓ % Č ߏY  q  Dh! Q" ϗ# $e&@  r9ND@	 r8 
 r8E r8  r8瀍 r8 r9*@ r9ND@ r9(f/@ r9<F  r9aڀ r9s  r95@ r9@ r9y  r9Ub  r9ND@ r956@ r9 r9x@ r9 r9c r9ţN r9@  r=2i ! r8&," r9yF # <"os@  Ώ9Od@	 Ώ8 
 Ώ8 Ώ8 Ώ8@ Ώ8F Ώ9B@ Ώ9Od@ Ώ9%H  Ώ9;)  Ώ9du@ Ώ9x%@ Ώ9e  Ώ9 Ώ9E Ώ9%g@ Ώ9Od@ Ώ97@ Ώ9t@ Ώ9g Ώ9C Ώ9г  Ώ9!@ Ώ9ӂ   Ώ=@)! Ώ8E@" Ώ9~v# Z8sө @  8[9P{@	 8[8e@
 8[8  8[8」 8[86@ 8[82 8[9Z 8[9P{@ 8[9#` 8[9;F?  8[9g  8[9|@ 8[9ž 8[9@ 8[9 8[9l@ 8[9P{@ 8[98 8[9؄ʀ 8[9V 8[9ۓ‍ 8[9#k@ 8[9ޢ@ 8[9"w   8[=M
! 8[8&]" 8[9)# xRWs} @  Q9Qm 	 Q8 
 Q8  Q8  Q8ن Q8G Q8r Q9Qm  Q9!Fy  Q9:T Q9j@ Q9@ Q9%@ Q9 Q9%  Q9q@ Q9Qm  Q99@ Q9 Q9DE@ Q9  Q9G Q92 Q9?  Q=[Ѝ! Q86u" Q9&=# ƮhzZ@  jD9S$_ 	 jD8կ@
 jD8@ jD86  jD8. jD8f\ jD8 jD9S$_  jD9 jD9:Vj jD9m  jD9u jD9  jD9@ jD9ʥ@ jD9v jD9S$_  jD9:@ jD9 jD9t4@ jD93 jD9# jD9 jD9  jD=i ! jD8F@" jD9vR # ƕ@zV@  Ńr9TTQ 	 Ńr8u@
 Ńr8u逍 Ńr8V@ Ńr86@ Ńr8q Ńr8֢ Ńr9TTQ  Ńr9 Ńr99ր Ńr9p- Ńr96 Ńr9  Ńr9e Ńr9 Ńr9{ Ńr9TTQ  Ńr9; Ńr9@ Ńr9# Ńr= 8 Ńr=0  Ńr=   Ńr=tP  Ńr=wh! Ńr8F" Ńr9f@# |z$BR @  Ŝ\.9UC 	 Ŝ\.85@
 Ŝ\.8U Ŝ\.8v  Ŝ\.8R@ Ŝ\.8Ɔ Ŝ\.8  Ŝ\.9UC  Ŝ\.96  Ŝ\.99f Ŝ\.9s>@ Ŝ\.9  Ŝ\.9% Ŝ\.9Uɀ Ŝ\.9݅@ Ŝ\.9  Ŝ\.9UC  Ŝ\.=aO  Ŝ\.=a* Ŝ\.=a Ŝ\.=h` Ŝ\.=h  Ŝ\.=hЍ Ŝ\.=	hf  Ŝ\.=@! Ŝ\.8V " Ŝ\.9z# c)z2M@  ŵDڢ9V5 	 ŵDڢ8zʀ
 ŵDڢ86  ŵDڢ8, ŵDڢ8d@ ŵDڢ8v ŵDڢ8@ ŵDڢ9V5  ŵDڢ9 ŵDڢ98 ŵDڢ9vN ŵDڢ9$@ ŵDڢ9 ŵDڢ9E  ŵDڢ9 ŵDڢ= Ia ŵDڢ9V5  ŵDڢ=	YO` ŵDڢ=
i( ŵDڢ= ` ŵDڢ=Ѝ ŵDڢ=0 ŵDڢ= ŵDڢ=XЍ  ŵDڢ=! ŵDڢ8f׀" ŵDڢ9V # A^\`@  ,9X&	 ,8o@
 ,8  ,8;  ,8Vu ,8& ,8@ ,9X& ,9@ ,98v ,9y_@ ,92  ,9  ,95@ ,9e ,=b ,9X& ,=QO ,=y& ,= ,=0 ,=إ0 ,=y0 ,=J  ,=`! ,8v" ,9 # Eqw^@@  9YD	 8dE@
 8z  8I 8 8@ 8  9YD 9 97@ 9|o 9F@  9& 9 9պ =)d  9YD =IOЍ =y%  =Ѝ =ʠ =@ =8m =h=  =0! 8~w" 9 # $I1=<ភ(@  B`	 ,
 8c@ E,@ RL _m@ m B` c w@ @@ у'@ @  иP P B`  @ yЈ b  I 1P `  @q! :C@" #e# 3L?P@ ?       uIVch     %@5f|@Z~.Rm>-BRyBEZ@^jk ZIʀ-"bT8-"b/Fˠ-bS8mhO[c(^^ʀ-CdAͲxк<qK9[ XʏOa^       5LwD7;    `    5_`wD7    `    -_`o
7        5HTp(Hzӱ8>    `    5t_`w7    `    -t_i`o
7        5(}0y>    `    51#(}3a޴>    `    -1#Gc}3p(޴>        58(w7;    `    5]$}3a>    `    -]~c}3ap<>        5x8w78    `    5Lw7
    `    -8o7
        5X?|y#C{#@   `    5+#C{ }3`@   `    -￾p<(odq76      5ia)J-}0x@     5fqQMMG-S}3`@     -߾p<ޠodv78      5i!|y|>      5In"}3a޴>      -InGc}3ap<޴>      5I_}P(#      5_}͇P(B      -~G}3p(޴(>      5|y$3{#@     5y_oM͇P(삃      -yG|ap<(>   f    5X#S|yq   M    5]j:76,ޠ>   M    -]~c}3p(ޠ>   f    5k7@RM78   M    5hr762ihP|   M    -h«BG}3@  f    5a_gP(M#   M    5osa76@Ra7
   M    -osM͆ { @  f    5_aP(#   M    5fè
OFAC0   M    -~ { L>   f    5P('_\   M    5(*_\P(삃   M    -(*~G}3aH<(>      5Y{sڙ  ``    5Zp
&s}3afM  ``    -Z}3p(ޠ(>      5FC78  ``    5@fæC7
  ``    -@dq76B      5j7
@RW78  ``    5NfƤ`tA ``    -Nfnq76B      5_]BP#  ``    5n`|76@R7
  ``    -n`ۜM͆ zР@     5O_QMP̓  ``    58P(B_QM  ``    -ECzС8>  f f    5tr@Q7 78  M M    5q@Q76%7  M M    -q}@ f f    5w;ۜNd$(tC  M M    5w;*hP|  M M    -w;ۜM͆ zР@ f f    5DbW!C78  M M    5]&fs7
  M M    -]nq76B  f f    5ia+E75ٽ|  M M    5eI*)qٽhP|  M M    -eIۜM͆ zР@ f f    5pc_RBPM#  M M    5mqO765P|  M M    -mqۜM { @     5PWB_M#      5HPX_M      -H~}aH<ޠ(>      5r+|/{È@     5x?7
@Q73      -p}3`@     5y(!HP|      5v@Q	767
      -vM͆zР@     5P+$(t߆     5Jog9`&A     -}B}38@     5J&o:onl      5X_DMod      -X~|9HP2>  3f    5
|&{È@ s&M    586_&cz}8@ s&M    -? <ޠ(oxq76  3f    5`OP(U_ة#  s&M    5@
}9*z@ s&M    -@߽`o7
  3f    5ЎPD_#  s&M    5PF_ػMB  s&M    -hCzСL>  3f    5@PA_  s&M    5`PA_C#  s&M    -`}39 P޴2>  3f    5 +2s	>  s&M    50(71d@޴2>  s&M    -8o7      58?xȖ  ss    5	ttwE7
  ss    -76      5H?:?78  ss    5X!<?7
  ss    -X!`o7
      5'_
9?8  ss    5)9?7  ss    -)76#      53?
2?876  ss    55
2?87  ss    -5Lo7      5\T_9gØa  ss    5SOMC'+`>  ss    -}39 P޴2>      5E_
.N7Q('8@ ss    5H
.MG?G7  ss    -H73oCz@     znn;VY$vQ     a?%lXg      ;]"Q      5Ov-&Dm   RG    pM( 

    Tu$3yրL IN   
    X$-  
      k     X$S"  
   Q   (@@  	 
                        ! " #      
   valuess   ř=!i @   i @  Ə % Lwp8E] & k{9ˆz@ + k%9w  - k%9e|@   c(  1   1&   SF4   SD   1B   14   uB   0  SE&      W  )   u4   4   A  R`  c@  t   Ѕ   Е  `A  A  A  !      4   AI  F4      a   A         B   4   bW    "W    W  W  `  BW  W  m"W  ~W  W  \BW  KbW  :W  )W  Kb   m"   B      Ѐ  Ѐ  AЀ     b   "   !      `t   t   R`  c@  `R`"    bh0h 	
    %,   
n"    bp3@h 	
    ,   #    bp3Xh 	
    BY	h%   Մ"    bp3h 	
    ,   Յ!    b1h  	
    Y`   Նǀ!    b10h  	
    X`   ՇҀ!    b1h  	
    %   7`"    bi3@h 	
    %,   "    bp3ph 	
    %,    "    bp2@ 	
    ,   +"    bp2h 	
    %,   6"    bp3h 	
    ,   `"    bp3P@ 	
    ,   S #    bp2h 	
    BZ	d%   8"    bp3hh 	
    %,   90  9s`"    bp30h 	
    %,   9   9"    bi3h 	
    ,  ǩ"    bp3hh 	
    ,  ǩG`"    bp3Ph 	
    ,  ǩ #    bp3Xh 	
    BYh%  ǩ"    bp2@ 	
    %,  Ǫ"    bhph 	
    %,  H`"    bi3P@ 	
    ,  I1 "    bi3ph 	
    ,  Is#    bp3Xh 	
    BZ	h% 	 I"    bp3hh 	
    , 
 I`"    bhh 	
    %,  y#    bi3Xh 	
    JYIh%  yE`"    bi3@h 	
    ,  y "    bi3hh 	
    ,  y#    bp3h 	
    BZ	e  z"    bePh 	
    ,  X"    bhh 	
    ,  Y0@"    bi30h 	
    %,  Ys "    bi2@ 	
    ,  Y"    bj`h 	
    Ķ,  d.#    be`h 	
    ZZ	g%  d?0"    bh0h 	
    ,  dO"    bh0h 	
    ,  d`"    bi3h 	
    ,  dq@"    bi3hh 	
    ,  ds    p3 n
 	
 0M91mϠ"֫I1DϳUԤ $J+M+&!Ģ xӦ M<2bj`Un rj_w$? ,  ũΑ ř=!@   ř8h	  % ř8h@ * ř8hk / ř8hW 4 ř=!!U 9! ř=! >$ ř=!! C   j     \ 1   2  i @h3  +}+'1   2   @h    1   2   @h @0         G s|SRh'	  @                                                                                               	
 %*/49>CG?    textfield  Electronegativity is the measure of the attraction of a nucleus for an electron in a covalent bond.   The higher the electronegativity the greater the pull on the electron.  In any covalent bond, the atom with the higher electronegativity will draw the shared electron(s) to spend more time near it.  This results in a polar molecule.  Polar simply means the molecule appears to have a positve end and a negative end.  If two covalently bonded atoms have equal electronegativities they will equally share the electrons.  The general trend is up and to the right is increasing in electronegativity.   When you view the graph of electronegativities,notice that the noble gases have no electronegativity because they do not attract electrons and therefore do not covalently bond.    ?         c*  1  1&  SF4  SD	  1B
  14  uB  0  SE&     W  )   u4  4  A  Rh  cH  t(  Ѕ  Е  `A  A  A  !      4  AI   F4!   "  a #  A $   %   &  B'  4(  bW)  *  "W+  ,  W-  W.  `/  BW0  W1  m"W2  ~W3  W4  \BW5  KbW6  :W7  )W8  Kb 9  m" :  B;   <  Р=  Р>  AР?   @  b A  " B  ! C  D  `t(E  t(F  RhG  cHH  `RhFI . v@ O`L J / -.]p@K 0 -.]wJ_M  ř=!@i @ N  ƏO % Lwp8E]P & k{9ˆz@Q + k%9w V - k%9e|@ [  ř=!@ `  ř8h	  e  ř8h@ j  ř8hk o  ř8hW t  ř=!!U y ! ř=! ~ $ ř=!! )             X                   ʒ  i    \ 1   2  i @h3  +}+'1   2   @h    1   2   @h @0       +  s|SR @ J *y*zHW
bK *y*zHWb@ J HHZJsK HHZJ}`@ J ffJABe`K ffJAp`@ J ak=\&W@K ak=\Rc@@ J ]^<0"HK ]^< V@@ J `@9:K `@(I`@ J ݆݅.GC,K ݆݅.G1J<`@ J VOSLr K VOS9/@@ J 
9^ K 
9(@ J PyK PyģZ@ J )	(|БK )	()@ J 7E:EyHK 7E:]@ J Eܢ³ELtuK Eܢ³ELh{@ J T" _QK T" _tx@ J bxo5蛤K bxo5u`@ J q~!~K q~!ᯈr8@ J *k=ܑK *k=I@ J ō*ƕXʭK ō*ƕX@ J ś͍DaDK ś͍DaV6@ J Ũy0	0K Ũy0	n@ J Ŷ]rJK Ŷ]a@ J j5	jK j5@ J Dsh%!K DrE @ J ߔs K ߔr @ J 倍@sK 倍@sEc@ J h4sduK h4s?2@ J @q%@K @q%Q@@ J 
sB\Qބ@@K 
sB\Q4`@ J DcquމP<K Dcqu'@ J FU)՞9K FU)՜q`@ J G+95K G+9@ J %IB,|1K %IB, @@ J +tJ1ޜ0.pK +tJ1ޅT=@ J 1Ltq/z*K 1Ltq/z:@ J 8$N	1&ޥ'HK 8$N	1&ލ7@ J >lO18cުX#K >lO18cޑ4@ J DQ*qE^ (K DQ*qE^,1@ J JRqI5[K JRqI5[d.@ ?      J QTa$6K QTa$6,@      	 
                      ! # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K M N O P Q V [ ` e j o t y ~   ?    
   graphelectroneg H  v_H^r  a~|&'	E̸yAS~   \:՗"yGC} |   HMwD;s~C     %Z.慅'07rp_-$xmp٘ sȇKc\\}/g4'y7`jsD⣘#^//\?x;.{@^Bwʞ`? ׉ɗH7Wo W0Ko9]lhXGK軝Cw;9t`7p?41y^haw>񲨂6c#|;y~sqL.?C2Zlq4 q{~`Rƣ?,8/_'q} 3	0ZNmq?.xx-Bü_cC?}789?"Ddajxh m>/ŧyaōju16гSy2x&HZP\e#ӋrjpNh`wioXM.p2
g4 >7,n0@E-@:o-$|qEz6;8?:ߜc;ٿ'?t;:֜':toSXb..ŸڹQ/bo-D{mwMw];{Wb.oSn-&crqz`Z2	.-v`Zemv Z2
J`l5[8:ʻ+ϷPb.st8ƚxO@dӟoqk ZL.\/M-r CD 7H8G3.C@ʥrl/^f̂P/Iп=p-9_^hGs诋sp/h4YKgu>h \)x?wKr`]q|x`5qr9nwzs(W5og49[@яЅ_^wx.	߸ާ_'q. .8ƘMqx1?':9:Ad7;A84xg<^,'e3C<c{NqwN`1qnr`qj.댮aq ~-6mqrL2A3gg\ `LC{qO~1#N. [6%E۶`]kq ;Ž8N o$"|\s_w{1?4D'{^hl[@W;g?}9o0Y?xٸ+qN-Wxxka|/^h0@C#<^DEj`ۼ:[4#7;HnR.0N/tNw̋ӌes5     %a~|&'	E̸yAS~   %\:՗"yGC} |   %HMwD;s~C     %_f/sl 9/f#;n`[2qnm J_mwA  (ģNBЎ	  (ģKiL 
  (ģKMP  (ģLyN  (ģM	O  (ģMQ   (ģN=R`    wHr     %00h.{rxXfeF˸.@E[.@]8Mkk>J(=*[ݶ+^-06=2OeAy{1[	<Ղѐ/' _F-8Q8f-(xe -L^i;^Z}!XQ>-hVnD8  (ģNB#   Po 	
 3 
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 	
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 	
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P( 	
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   ,  
(ģRIJ#   P( 	
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'0Tl  (ģNB   H=B5{  	
     (ģKJ   P 	
   u
B  (ģJH    H:x  	
     (ģJE   PNG 	
   
B  (ģJC@   H]05x  	
     (ģJ@   P. 	
   
B  (ģJ>    HY(5{  	
     (ģJ;   P, 	
   
B   (ģJu8   H9D:x  	
    ! (ģJ5"  (ģNB#   ` &h 	 hhCIUim # (ģKyP&   `'&h 	 3hhj(7U,wd $ (ģQP`r   pʛv
 	
 IEA%	϶kUԤE"وx!}Bx  RH*GE ( =@t)Å$Q.8=b( 
$ % Gהܔ
@,   `% 	 3  %ԡ^飉8E & 嵩Rrz     
            i @    @  CڇN܌	 CڇS
 CڇT CڇDU< CڇU CڇV Cڇ:W\ CڇN܌ CڇW CڇV CڇU< CڇT| Cڇ+S، CڇpS( CڇR CڇQ CڇN܌ CڇyS CڇPQČ CڇmPp CڇCO Cڇ`M Cڇ7LH CڇSJ܌  Cڇ*I`! CڇCG،" CڇN܌# CڇV$ Cڇ1VD% mo v& g	t0(H@  C惓WM	 C惐T
 C惐U܌ C惑kV܌ C惑W C惒cX C惒Z  C惓WM C惓Z\ C惔Y$ C惕	V܌ C惕yU C惕T C惖PS C惖R C惗Q C惓WM C惐3S C惏Q C惐Ox C惏Mh C惐KH C惏I C惏F܌  C惏D! C惏B4" C惓WM# C惐XԌ$ C惕Xt% Y+>Xqj& ["KZKrj@  Q]Q\Ř	 Q]Q\֕r
 Q]Q\UȌ Q]Q\$ Q]Q\Mz Q]Q\x֌ Q]Q\W9 Q]Q\Ř Q]Q\WM Q]Q\V Q]Q\\ Q]Q\ջ Q]Q\e Q]Q\U	 Q]Q\Ժ Q]Q\d Q]Q\Ř Q]Q\㺔 Q]Q\P Q]Q\ӟ Q]Q\㞒 Q]Q\R4 Q]Q\u Q]Q\ж  Q]Q\"! Q]Q\=<" Q]Q\Ř# Q]Q\ۖɌ$ Q]Q\V% \K*\n2 & #K6Cr* @  W	 ծ
 㻖 V !V WWn W W   wֆ 姖	  ) .TŌ WY W h M@ `S` ER X = ֟،  i! ֊" W# ]$ W4% ow	]dx& ''=*|P@   f39,x@	  f38Uz 
  f38޵  f38@  f38e@  f39@  f39&  f39,x@  f395.@  f39F@  f39d@  f39s  f39u   f39R   f394   f39E@  f39,x@  f38ťM   f38  f38$@  f38  f38>  f35q،  f35|N   f35l!  f35vR"  f39,x@#  f385@$  f39% z EO& ddB+ @  ,D"9*4Z	 ,D"8
 ,D"8Ε ,D"8% ,D"8  ,D"9'  ,D"9VS  ,D"9*4Z ,D"94v[ ,D"9G, ,D"9ku ,D"9|U  ,D"9u ,D"9Y ,D"96 ,D"9 ,D"9*4Z ,D"8ES ,D"8 ,D"8T ,D"8i@ ,D"8d@ ,D"5C ,D"5P  ,D"5=T! ,D"5I" ,D"9*4Z# ,D"8! $ ,D"9% hP*WĆ+:& G+@  X9'T=	 X8
 X8U@ X8u X8v  X8VM  X9@ X9'T= X93 X9HS X9r X9u X9 X9ea X99@ X9 X9'T= X8[  X8 X8T X8tN@ X5, X5.: X5%L  X5k!! X5遍" X9'T=# X8F@$ X95% S;ü+& މދHK,:X@  Ń9$  	 Ń8U 
 Ń8%@ Ń8 Ń8܆= Ń8&r Ń9 Ń9$   Ń91ƶ Ń9Jfz@ Ń9x Ń9 Ń9u Ń9Ei Ń95<  Ń9%
 Ń9$   Ń85a Ń8{@ Ń8t  Ń8x$2 Ń5O# Ń4k Ń4  Ń4	! Ń4H" Ń9$  # Ń8&k $ Ń9VX@% !-+ؒ& ƆurP @  ů9!	 ů8 
 ů8 ů86" ů8і] ů8 ů9	v  ů9! ů90v䀍 ů9K  ů9" ů9@ ů9 ů95q ů9U> ů9e  ů9! ů8si  ů8f@ ů8o ů8a ů4֮ ů4, ů4*  ů4Ⱥ! ů1Z" ů9!# ů8֐@$ ů9{ % 7Pײp
 & ,B!5aePrL @  ۴9@	 ۴8sÀ
 ۴8   ۴8<@ ۴8Ʀ}@ ۴8־@ ۴97  ۴9@ ۴9/'  ۴9MV ۴9F<@ ۴9 ۴9@ ۴9y@ ۴9uA ۴=A@ ۴9@ ۴8_Ep  ۴8P$  ۴8Zy ۴4 ۴4 ۴4Ό ۴4  ۴1! ۴1." ۴9@# ۴8v $ ۴9֝% $pW& JĥbTUrߌŀ@ ?     2   yTD	 P   %I^tsGB/@XJz. '  ;   `=%h 
   hBCSч  H
 df77 x ( 0  v`Ro     %a~|&'	E̸yAS~       -~}3aP޴(>       - ~CzСAL>       -_A8o7
       -PP(oPl76       -lA$o7
       -t"_A$o7
    @    5D7@<cz`@       5<D76@({ x@   `    -<i8o7    @    5_L(w76        5Tfø
%齸P>    `    -<(oZl78    @    5غ`2w%78        588w7    `    -8A8o7    @    5L2w576        5@ɟ,8w%57
    `    -@ɟi$o7
    @    5?	$`2wŷ73        5'_(wBI73    `    -?IL2ox73  ff    5$_LL2w h76      5p`8vƃ{p@     -$_q8on76  ff    51*3}`޴>      5*|9t(>      -|aP(>  ff    5 Ο
<`2wl76      5D)C|9(>      -D~|aP(>  ff    5(ۿ	L2w76      5t?	8w7
      -ۿP޴ol7
  ff    5DHL2w%76      5\8w7
      -i$o7
   3f    5D_L2wd76   f    58wd7
   M    -߽i8o7
   3f    5d#}0o썃   f    5	njD73(>   M    -ZaC{ $>   3f    5 }޴>   f    5!#|a(>   M    -~|aP(>   3f    5\L2w76   f    5Q#S|9@(>   M    -Q|aP(>   3f    5x?}0޴>   f    5_$w7   M    -?d޴og7  @@    5T{#9L2>      5a:p+#}39L(>  ``    -a:~Fs|㉾pP(>  @@    5i/dL      5f/q9d|  ``    -f֙C{p@ @@    5_~M'Lodl      5n7/q삃  ``    -nM삆F|8@ @@    5hP_yM      5_zLP  ``    -~C{#9I82>  @@    5}0!cz8@     5_zLP<#  ``    -~s|9d2>  3 3    5zboP'^{#8@ f f    5wBP_3{ @ M M    -wBGM삆Fs|`@ 3 3    4(śN8  f f    4@Q73bu7
  M M    ,{ @ 3 3    5jP'-qpd锍  f f    5NagsW7
  M M    -Nagdg76M삃  3 3    58Ko:^oZg  f f    5o731P|  M M    -oP;Ms|`@ 3 3    5L? {#C}0@ f f    56_}LGPM#  M M    -6F#|apd2>  f    5!Mfs2      5'P<eM_삃      -'s|aHd(>  f    5r@E773      5pP<QM_Į#      - cA{s9q$2>  f    5XPD'_ؼC      5P(CL_켍#      -{ ɽ$>  f    5hPDCModb      5J&og:eon      -F#|9px2>  f    5+8FrMC      5+$r#      -~F#|9px2>  M3    5x`82w73  3f    5?	`Lw7  s&M    -?Lo7  M3    5PP<CC'_ļ  3f    5#}39/#z@ s&M    -#8o7  M3    580P7,>  3f    50P73$,2>  s&M    -~s|9Hd2>  M3    5V?IG0(7  3f    5SI'0(73  s&M    -~{sI$<>  M3    5X0(7d|>  3f    5[G0(71  s&M    -!{p񽹈$>  M3    5dHx'#a  3f    5O
0LG?=7  s&M    -O$o7      `Q|      $O;+     5`X3O/  ۤ93@8   `	8 	
      I@$\KvIT"M5湇8&k  ۤ5e     v  5fv$Q{ _t(wKt lՉ  A.W)/Pq-ƥF}\-#tt ?5J~ǰ2  \(M| 5JuJ ܴ4n)-q 5JmJ7 q"7nAm     Arial BlackBFH   !PBM 
     !ۤ4k   "PBM 
     "ۤ9N   #P@M  
   V   #ۤ5ъ@ 	 
                      ! # $ % & (        ?    textfield  Notice that all values for electonegativity are between zero and 4.0.  The scale is based on Fluorine being the most electronegative (electron hungry) atom of them all and given an arbitrary number of 4.0.  Also notice that the noble gases lack values since these atoms do not attract electrons and as a result, do not form covalent bonds.  For any bond between two atoms, if the difference in the electronegativities is 1.7 or greater, the bond is ionic.  This means the electon actually gets stolen by the atom with the higher electronegativity.  If the electronegativities are the same, the bond is nonpolar covalent.  If the difference is less than 1.7 but greater than zero, the bond is polar covalent.  This means one end of the bond is more negative than the other.  
   valueselctro   +  c(  1   1&   SF4   SD 	  1B 
  14   uB   0  SE&      W  )   u4   4   A  R`  c@  t   Ѕ   Е  `A  A  A  !      4   AI   F4 !   "  a #  A $   %   &  B '  4 (  bW)  *  "W+  ,  W-  W.  `/  BW0  W1  m"W2  ~W3  W4  \BW5  KbW6  :W7  )W8  Kb 9  m" :  B ;   <  Ѐ=  Ѐ>  AЀ?   @  b A  " B  ! C   D  `t E  t F  R`G  c@H  `R`"   $br4!	` 	
  ,,%j I $"   %b|4h!	 	
  ,,j J %#   &bm4!	 	
  ,,:Ԥ-@ K &Ļ"   'bm4@!	 	
  ,,u=j L 'ƀM 'р"   (bm40!	 	
  ,,u9j N (܀O (b9"   )b|4 $ 	
  ,,1j P )N"   *b|4!	` 	
  ,,%j Q *R %ǀS %ҀT &݀U &: "   +b|3!	 	
  ,,)j V +ȀW *Ӏ1   ,bh ` 
    %*w 0C*6 %*  X ,7ӀY )=ɀ"   -b|4x$` 	
  ,,-j Z -=Ԁ[ +=߀\ +:"   .b|4@!	 	
  ,,5j ] .^5 ^ .^6 _ )^7 ` -/:@a . "   /b|4@!	 	
  ,,=j b / "   0b|40$` 	
  ,,9j c 0 d -@:e )U #   1b|4!	 	
  ,,BԤ-@ f 1V g 1W h /5 i $6 j $7 k 1U l $V m $W n 1r@o $ p $q 1rr 1@"   2br4x!	` 	
  ,,-j s 2 t .)ru 0)v 1)@"   3br4h!	 	
  ,,j w 38x )90y .9s`z 09 { /9"   4br4@!	 	
  ,,5j | 4Ǩ } 1ǩ0~ 1ǩs /ǩ` /ǩ "   5bq(!	 	
  ,,!j  5H` $I1  3Is"   6br2(!	` 	
  ,,!j  6I 1I`"   7bq !	 	
  ,,1j  7 41`"   8br4 !	 	
  ,,1j  8t "   9br3!	 	
  ,,)j  9鹶 3"   :blh!	 	
    ,,j  :X"   ;bq!	 	
  ,,%j  ;Y0@#   <br4!	 	
  ,,JԤ-@  <Ys "   =br40!	` 	
  ,,9j  =Y $Y!   >b2H ` 	
  @@G  >d* >d;p >dL  >d\Њ >dm >d~0 >d ,
7   ř=!@i @   i @p     ?b0G  	    h  ?  % Lwp8E] & k{9ˆz@ + k%9w+ - k%9e|@+  ř=!@+  ř8h	 +  ř8h@+  ř8hk+  ř8hW+  ř=!!U+ ! ř=!+ $ ř=!!+ ʒ +j   @ \ 1   2  i @h3  +}+'1   2   @h    1   2   @h @0          @s|SRh'	 +@   I ^ _ ` a b c d e k l v x y z { | } ~                                            ?m    textfield Z The periodic table is arranged into columns called groups and rows called periods.  Items within a group tend to behave in similar ways and have similar properties.  The green stepped line represents the division between metals on the left and non-metals on the right.  The semi-metals on that border can behave both like metals and non-metals.  ?        Ax4A<   f3  3   33   f3  3   33( 3335wÉINK4D,kTn4@koټ&|dy汏\].R^~٭!XAO"vW% vԝ9N&  A   , c*i @ 1i @ 1&i @ SF4i @	 SDi @
 1Bi @ 14i @ uBi @ 0i @ SE&i @  i @ Wi @ ) i @ u4i @ 4i @ Ai @ Rhi @ cHi @ t(i @ Ѕi @ Еi @ `Ai @ Ai @ Ai @ ! i @  i @ 4i @  AIi @! F4i @"  i @# a i @$ A i @%  i @&  i @' Bi @( 4i @) bWi @* i @+ "Wi @, i @- Wi @. Wi @/ `i @0 BWi @1 Wi @2 m"Wi @3 ~Wi @4 Wi @5 \BWi @6 KbWi @7 :Wi @8 )Wi @9 Kb i @: m" i @; Bi @<  i @= Рi @> Рi @? AРi @@  i @A b i @B " i @C ! i @D i @E `t(i @F t(i @G Rhi @H cHi @I  `Rhi @J   B`5 	
 33  qaqTTމyIA^ȃ  D	K%M藔+ְ
h J Bhz    CP\< 	
   K C8   DP6X 	
   L D+j   EP4V 	
   M Em    FP ^ 	
   N FT    GP<W 	
   O G    HP6[ 	
   P HҔ    IP.Z 	
   Q I4    JP.[ 	
   R J?   KP,Y 	
  h S K?   LP\ 	
   T La?   MP\ 	
  , U M1?   NP\ 	
   V N?   OP\ 	
  , W O    PP\ 	
   X P   QP\ 	
  , Y Q   RP\ 	
   Z R-8   SP\ 	
  , [ S -8   TP\ 	
   \ TD$   U` 
 	
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¬ɨxa m ^@   _P\< 	
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   `P6X 	
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   dP6[ 	
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   eP.Z 	
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