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| Quick Reference Guide | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Back to main page. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quotation Marks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reference by: Krystal Searcy and James Rocker | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| What is a quotation mark? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As defined by www.dictionary.com a quotation mark is, "a punctuation mark used to attribute the enclosed text to someone else." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| When would you use a quotation mark? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A quotation mark is often used to give credit, or to give credit to another person(s) for a select phrase. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| When should you use a double vs. a single quotation mark? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A double quotation mark is the most often used, as it establishes another person's ideas inside your own. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A single quotation mark is often used within an already used double quotation mark. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Example: John said, "When Jake was talking to me he said, 'I will ride the bus home today.' " | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Make sure you close both sets of quotations and separate the two with a space. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| What about capitalization within a quotation mark? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| If the quoted material can be formed in a complete sentence, or is used at the beginning of a sentence capitalize the first letter. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| If the quoted material is only part of a sentence and the sentence could not stand on its own, do not capitalize the first letter. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Example: According to the local editor of the paper, "We will be opening several internship programs for the fall." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Example #2: On the subject of Internships for the fall, the editor said that they will "be opening several internship programs for the fall." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In example one, the quoted material was a complete sentence and needed to be capitalized, In example two, the quoted material is lacking a subject and is, thus, not a complete sentence without the rest of the sentence. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| How should you change a quotation in your writing? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Generally avoid changing a direct quotation; however, if you have to eliminate a few words from someone's writing, or add a few you need to take note of two special rules. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| If you are taking words or phrases out of a direct quotation, use an ellipsis (...) to show there was an interruption. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| If you are adding or changing part of a quotation, make sure you include brackets ( [ ] ) to show that you modified that section of the quote. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For example, the sentence, "Y'all know that my mother is a great cook and loves her seasoning, but y'all probably wouldn't like her cooking," is slightly different than conventional English. So you may want to make some minor changes to the sentence. If you wish to change something in the quotation, you may do so; however, make sure you keep the changes minimal. "[You] know that my mother is a great cook and loves her seasoning, but [you] probably wouldn't like her cooking." As you can see, the changes to the words "y'all" were changed to you, by adding some brackets. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| If you take the same sentence and want to omit the section "loves her seasoning" you would have to add an ellipsis. So the sentence becomes, "Y'all know that my mother is a great cook", but y'all probably wouldn't like her cooking." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quotation marks vs. underlining in literature. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In writing you often have to talk about films, movies, plays, and a lot of books. In these pieces of art and literature, you need to take note to proper punctuation to establish you are talking about that work. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quotation marks are used for the following pieces of literature: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Songs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short Stories | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Essays | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short Poems | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anything shorter then either a full book or a one-act play | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quotation marks may also be used for parts of larger works such as: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chapters in books | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Articles in newspapers, magazines, journals, and other periodical productions. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Episodes of television and radio shows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Use underlining or italics for: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plays of more than one act | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Newspapers, magazines, journals, and other periodical titles. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Films | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Television series | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Do not use quotation marks for parts of the Bible, other religious books, or any legal document. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Where should you place your punctuation? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Always introduce a quotation within a sentence with a comma. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| If the quotation mark ends mid-sentence put either a semi-colon or a colon outside the quotation marks. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For example: I was talking, and then John interrupted, "You know she is cool"; I wasn't too happy with him because of it. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Always have your ending punctuation within the quotation mark. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For example: The local authority said, "We will watch the event and determine what to do from there." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Works Cited | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| "Quotation Marks." Online Writing Lab. 2004. Purdue University Online Writing Lab. 15 Jun 2006 http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_quote.html. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| "Quotation Mark." Dictionary.com. 2003. Princeton University. 15 Jun 2006 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Quotation%20Mark. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||