A. Preserving the Old Order
� The Congress of Vienna was a clear victory for conservative forces and these conservatives included their government, noble landowners, and church leaders.
� The conservatives in 1815 had very different goals from conservatives in the United States today. Conservatives of the early 1800s wanted to turn back the clock to they way things had been before 1789.
� Fortunately, the Industrial Revolution began which helped the number of growing people live an easier and improving life.
B. The Liberal Challenge
� The Liberal challenge challenges liberal ideas about the conservatives at every turn were the liberals.
� Because liberals spoke mostly for the bourgeoisie, or middle class, their ideas are sometimes �bourgeois liberalism.�
� Liberals wanted governments to be based on written constitutions and separation of powers. They called for rulers elected by the people and responsible
C. Nationalist Stirrings
� In the past, European rulers have been losing or winning their land over wars; therefore, they set up new rules and goals.
� Various parts of the world went almost double the amount of people within one century.
� The great increase in the population was mostly from the decreasing of people dying everywhere than it was of people giving birth to a new child.
D. Challenges to the Old Order
� The energy revolution was the third factor that has helped make the industrial revolution become how it was.
� Before, the work done by the people was always based on the humans, or man�s strength and muscles.
� During the Industrial Revolution, water mills and windmills and other technologies were made, which helped the man�s power and also let more other people able to work at it
II. To the Barricades!
A. France After the Restoration
� When the Congress of Vienna restored Louis XVIII to the French throne, he prudently issued a constitution, the Charter of French Liberties.
� Louis�s effects at compromise satisfied few people
� The French people called this one dude named Louis Philippe the �citizen king� because he owed his throne to the people.
B. The French Revolution of 1848
� The French Revolution became extremely popular all over Britain and the cotton was imported from India, so Britain tried to organize cotton industries.
� Many major inventions were created during this time like John Kay and his flying shuttle and Richard Arkwright and his water frame
� Spinners and weavers came each day to work in these first factories which are places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of goods.
C. �Europe Catches Cold�
� Some capitalists invested in turnpikes, which were privately built roads that charged a fee to travelers who used them.
� The great revolution in transportation was the invention of the steam locomotive and this was the thing that made possible of the growth of railroads
� To transport goodies across sea, other inventors focused on improving their shipping so in Scotland, they built the fist first paddle wheel steamboats to pull barges along canals.
D. The Springtime of the Peoples
� Metternich was a leader during this time; however, like any other leader he had his great fall, which his empire broke and was taken by the government.
� There were many changes in the style of farming, soaring population growth, and demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms cities.
� The Austrian army soon regained control of Vienna and Prague.
E. Looking Ahead
� By 1850, the flickering light of rebellion faded, ending the age of liberal revolution that had begun in 1789.
� By mid-century, Metternich was gone from the European scene. Still, his conservative system remained in force.
� In the decades ahead, liberalism, nationalism, and socialism would win successes not through revolution but through political activity.
III. Latin America Wars of Independence
A. Climate of Discontent
� They factory was center, or heart, of the industrial revolution; the technology of the machine age imposed a harsh new way of life on workers
� The factory differed greatly from farm work because even though ur work hard you produce more with the factory.
� Factories hired children like little boys and girls because they were quick moving and changed spool in textile mills.
B. Haiti�s Struggle
� Because the factories took in many children at very young ages many of them remained uneducated in which caused many problems
� Many children were forced to go into labor when they were only like 5 years old, in which some children even died.
� Kershaw believed with a strong passion that this way of labor was definitely wrong because children are not being educated and some of them die; therefore, he wrote a book on it.
C. Toussaint L�Ouverture
� Many working- class people found nice, good, homey, comfort in a new religious movement
� Methodist meetings features hymn and sermons promising forgiveness of sin and a better life to come for the people.
� They set up Sunday school where the followers would study Bible and also learn to read and write to become literate.
D. A Call to Freedom in Mexico
� The new industrial revolution was mainly affected the middle class because they were the ones who were the workers and stuff
� Middle-class families lived in solid, well-built house, which was significant for them and they dressed well and ate large meals.
� The new middle class valued hard work and the determination to �get ahead� so their confidence made them lost sympathy to the poor.
E. New Republics in Central America
� The Laissez- Faire meant that the government was �hands off� on the whole economy and business that the workers worked at.
� There were many famous people who believed in this system like Thomas Matlhus, David Ricardo, and Adam Smith.
� Adam Smith believed that a free market would eventually helps everyone because in a free market, it produces more goods at lower prices making it affordable to everyone.
F. Revolutions in South America
� The strongest challenge by native some guy led Maericans named Tupac Amaru, who claimed descent from the Incan royal family.
� This Tupac Amaru organized a revolt and a large army crushed the rebels and captured and killed their leader.
� Although the middle class back did not accept ideas about this in the days, his ideas helped our nation become democratic today.
G. Independence for Brazil
� Brazil had no revolutions or military campaigns that were needed to win independence for Brazil.
� Napoleon�s armies conquered Portugal, which the Portuguese king introduced many reforms, including free trade.
� In 1822, Pedro followed his father�s advice and became emperor of and independent Brazil and accepted a constitution that provided for freedom of the press and religion