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| Economy - overview: Bulgaria, a former communist country striving to enter the European Union, has experienced macroeconomic stability and positive growth rates since a major economic downturn in 1996 led to the fall of the then socialist government. The current government, elected in 2001, has pledged to maintain the fundamental economic policy objectives of its predecessor, i.e., retaining the Currency Board, practicing sound financial policies, accelerating privatization, and pursuing structural reforms. A $300 million stand-by agreement negotiated with the IMF at the end of 2001 will help the government maintain economic stability as it seeks to overcome high rates of poverty and unemployment. GDP: purchasing power parity: $48 billion (2001 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 4% (2001 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity: $6,200 (2001 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 14.5% industry: 27.8% services: 57.7% (2000) Population below poverty line: 35% (2000 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 4.5% highest 10%: 22.8% (1997) Distribution of family income - Gini index: 34.1 (1997) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7.5% (2001 est.) Labor force: 3.83 million (2000 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 26%, industry 31%, services 43% (1998 est.) Unemployment rate: 17.5% (2001 est.) Budget: revenues: $5.57 billion expenditures: $5.68 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.) Industries: electricity, gas and water; food, beverages and tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel Industrial production growth rate: 2% (2001 est.) Electricity - production: 38.84 billion kWh (2000) Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 47.9% hydro: 7.54% other: 0.1% (2000) nuclear: 44.46% Electricity - exports: 3.2 billion kWh (2000) Electricity - imports: 1.5 billion kWh (2000) Agriculture - products: vegetables, fruits, tobacco, livestock, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets Exports: $4.6 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.) Exports - commodities: clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels Exports - partners: Italy 14%, Turkey 10%, Germany 9%, Greece 8%, Yugoslavia 8% (2000) Imports: $6.2 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.) Imports - commodities: fuels, minerals, and raw materials; machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; food, textiles Imports - partners: Russia 24%, Germany 14%, Italy 8%, Greece 5%, France 5% (2000) Debt - external: $10.2 billion (2001 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $1 billion (1999 est.) Currency: lev (BGL) Exchange rates: leva per US dollar - 1.9147 (January 2003), 2.1847 (2002), 2.1233 (2001) |
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