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| Results | ||||||||||||||||||||
| A- Demographic Data : | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Age range was 22-47 years in patients and 19-40 years in control group. Mean age for patients was 30.15 � 7.83 SD and for control group was 29.9� 6.3 SD. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Sex: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| As regard sex distribution, male to female ratio was 1:1 in patients and 3:1 in control. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Handedness : | ||||||||||||||||||||
| All 20 patients are right handed. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Duration of illness : | ||||||||||||||||||||
| The mean duration of illness was 6.625 (years) with a minimum of two years, thus making our patients classified as chronic schizophrenic patients. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Duration of admission : | ||||||||||||||||||||
| As mentioned previously, all patients were admitted to the Institute of Psychiatry fulfilling the inclusion criteria that require the admission of a period not less than six weeks, the minimum admission time was 47 days. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| B- Data Following the Admission of Patients: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| PANSS total score had a mean of 97.4 + 9.94, showing a very high above average (markedly significant) according to the interpretive guidelines for PANSS score, also the same applies to the scores of Positive syndrome 24.95 + 6.75, negative syndrome 25.25 + 6.96 and general psychopathology 47.15 + 6.953 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| The frontal lobe was the most common site for hypoperfusion (95%) followed by parietal lobe (90%) then temporal lobe (65%), also Basel ganglia structures were the least affected (60%). | ||||||||||||||||||||
| There were highly significant differences between the two groups as regard Left Superior Frontal lobe perfusion and metabolism, and significant differences between the two groups as regard Right Superior Frontal� lobes perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| There were no significant differences between the two groups as regard inferior frontal lobes perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| There were highly significant differences between the two groups as regard left parietal lobe perfusion and metabolism, but no significant differences between the two groups as regard right parietal lobe perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| There were highly significant differences between the two groups as regard left temporal lobe perfusion and metabolism, but no significant differences between the two groups as regard right temporal lobe perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| There were highly significant differences between the two groups as regard left basal ganglia perfusion and metabolism, and highly significant differences between the two groups as regard right basal ganglia perfusion and metabolism . | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Although generalized hypoperfusion was detected, there were significant differences between the two hemispheres showing more hypofronatality at left inferior frontal, temporal and parietal ROIs when compared to the right side. but this could not be detected in both the superior frontal and basal ganglia ROIs. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| There was no relation between the duration of illness and any of the variables apart from direct relation with left temporal perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Data Following the Admission of Patients | by six weeks (or more) : | |||||||||||||||||||
| ��������� After a mean duration of treatment of 71.4 days PANSS total score regressed to a mean of 68.25+ 8.72, but still showing an above average (significant) according to the interpretive guidelines for PANSS score, also the same applies to the scores of negative syndrome which regressed to a mean 20.15 + 4.36 and general psychopathology which regressed to 33.35 + 5.45 . Regarding positive syndrome, it regressed to 14.75 + 4.17 giving a statistically significant value indicating improvement. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ��������� Showing PANSS scores after a mean duration of treatment of 71.4 days. PANSS total, negative syndrome, and general psychopathology scores regressed, but still showing an above average (significant) according to the interpretive guidelines for PANSS score, regarding positive syndrome it regressed to 20.15+4.36 giving a statistically significant value indicating improvement. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following therapy, the parietal lobe was the most common site for hypoperfusion (90%) followed by frontal lobe (90%) then Basel ganglia structures (45%) and lastly temporal lobe (30%), was the least effected. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| On admission, The frontal lobe was the most common site for hypoperfusion (95%) followed by parietal lobe (90%) then temporal lobe (65%), also Basel ganglia structures were the least affected (60%). | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following therapy The frontal lobe and parietal lobe were still the most common site for hypoperfusion (90%) followed the Basel ganglia structures (45%) and lastly the temporal lobe (30 %), was the least effected. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following treatment, there were still a highly significant differences between the patient and control groups as regard left superior frontal lobe perfusion and metabolism, and highly significant differences between the patient and control groups as regard right superior frontal lobe perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following treatment, there were no significant differences between the patient and control groups as regard left inferior frontal lobe perfusion and metabolism, as well as right inferior frontal lobe perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following treatment, there were still a highly significant differences between the patient and control groups as regard left parietal lobe perfusion and metabolism, and still no significant differences between the patient and control groups as regard right parietal lobe perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following treatment, there were no significant differences between the patient and control groups as regard left temporal lobe perfusion and metabolism, as well as right temporal lobe perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following treatment, there were highly significant differences between the two groups as regard left basal ganglia perfusion and metabolism, and highly significant differences between the two groups as regard right basal ganglia perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following treatment, There were no significant differences between the SPECT performed at the beginning of admission and after six weeks (or more) as regard Superior Frontal perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following treatment, there were no significant differences between the SPECT performed at the beginning of admission and after six weeks (or more) as regard inferior frontal perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following treatment, there were no significant differences between the SPECT performed at the beginning of admission and after six weeks (or more) as regard parietal perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following treatment, there were no significant differences between the SPECT performed at the beginning of admission and after six weeks (or more) as regard temporal perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Following treatment, there were no significant differences between the SPECT performed at the beginning of admission and after six weeks (or more) as regard basal ganglia perfusion and metabolism. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Although hypoperfusion was detected, there were significant differences between the two hemispheres showing more hypofronatality at Left Inferior frontal, temporal and parietal ROIs when compared to the rightside. But this could not be detected in both e the Superior frontal and basal ganglia ROIs. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| There was no relation between the duration of treatment and any of the variables. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| There was no relation between the PANSS positive score and any of the otrher variables of SPECT that was performed six weeks (or more) following admission. | ||||||||||||||||||||