Corinthians, Epistles to the
{kohr-in'-thee-uhnz}
The two Epistles to the Corinthians in the New Testament were written by Saint
Paul from Ephesus, probably in AD 55 to 57, to the church he founded at Corinth,
a cosmopolitan commercial city in central Greece. They were part of a lively
exchange (there are references to other correspondence in 1 Corinthians 5:9; 7:1;
2 Corinthians 2:4) in which Paul clarified his teachings, rebuked the Corinthians
for erroneous practices, and instructed them in Christian living. In chapters
1-4 of Corinthians, Paul connects true wisdom to the cross of JESUS CHRIST in
opposition to any other teaching the Corinthians may find attractive. In
chapters 5-6 he criticizes their handling of law suits and of a case of sexual
immorality. Then in chapters 7-15 he answers questions sent to him concerning
marriage, RESURRECTION of the body, eating meat offered to idols, charity,
conduct at worship, and the role of spiritual gifts. The Corinthian community
was unstructured compared to other Christian churches of the time, and its rapid
growth forced Paul to apply Christian beliefs to a variety of problems.
The text of 2 Corinthians shows that relations between Paul and the Corinthians
had deteriorated into open conflict. Most of chapters 1-7 reflect past conflict
over the Corinthians' behavior, the rejection of Paul's apostolic authority by
some, and subsequent reconciliation. Chapters 10-13 are an even more emotional
defense of Paul's life and ministry against adversaries claiming to have
authority above Paul's. Many scholars think that these chapters are another
epistle, because they are so different from the preceding chapters. Likewise,
chapters 8 and 9 are probably two distinct appeals for contributions to be
given to the Jerusalem church. Paul's zeal, strength, closeness to Christ,
and feelings for his communities are revealed in 2 Corinthians.
Copyright 1994 by Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.
Outline from the NIV Study Bible.
I Corinthians
I. Introduction(1:1-9)
(1:2-3) To the church of God in Corinth, to those sanctified in Christ Jesus and
called to be holy, together with all those everywhere who call on the name of
our Lord Jesus Christ--their Lord and ours: Grace and peace to you from God our
Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.)
II. Divisions in the Church(1:10-4:21)
a. The Fact of the Divisions(1:10-17) Is Christ Divided?
b. The Causes of the Divisions(1:10-17)
1. A wrong conception of the Christian message(1:18-3:4)
In Corinth the exchange of Ideas was common. Acts 17:21(For all the Athenians
and strangers which were there spent their time in nothing else, but either to
tell, or to hear some new thing.)
Does that go on today? Does confusion about the answer to the question
"What is Truth?" come about from this? .
One of Paul's comments: I Corinthians 1:18-20 (For the preaching of the cross is
to them that perish foolishness; but unto us which are saved it is the power of
God.For it is written, I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will bring to
nothing the understanding of the prudent. Where is the wise? Where is the scribe?
Where is the disputer of this world? Hath not God made foolish the wisdom of
this world? For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not
God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe.
For the Jews require a sign, and the Greeks seek after wisdom: But we preach
Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumblingblock, and unto the Greeks
foolishness; But unto them which are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the
power of God, and the wisdom of God.)
Is Christ a tough sell? The Bible says yes.
2. A wrong conception of Christian ministry and ministers(3:5-4:5)
Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom ye believed, even as
the Lord gave to every man? Niv = (servants rather than ministers)
(3:11 For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ.)
3. A wrong conception of the Christian(4:6-13) (12-13: And we labour,
working with our own hands: being reviled, we bless; being persecuted,
we suffer it: Being defamed, we answer kindly: we are made as the filth
of the world, and are he refuse of all things unto this day.)
c. The Exhortation to End the Divisions(4:14-21)
III. Moral and Ethical Disorders in the Life of the Chruch(chs. 5-6)
a. Laxity in Church Discipline(5:1)It is reported commonly that there is
fornication among you, and such fornication as is not so much as named among
the Gentiles, that one should have his father's wife. And you are puffed up,
and have not rather mourned, that he that has done this deed might be taken
away from among you....To deliver such a one unto Satan for the destruction
of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.
Where is the line that divides when we are to exhibit grace and forgiveness to
those in the fellowship and when we are to put him out. And why..
b. Lawsuits before Non-Christian Judges(6:1-11) 6:1 Dare any of you, having a
matter against another, go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints?
Do you not know that the saints shall judge the world? and if the world shall
be judged by you, are you unworthy to judge the smallest matters? Do you not
Know that we shall judge angels? how much more things that pertain to this life?
And 6:7 "To have lawsuits at all with one another is defeate for you. Why not
rather suffer wrong? Why not rather be defrauded?"
What about the Gospels(Luke 6:29-35 And unto him that smiteth thee on the one
cheek offer also the other; and him that taketh away your cloke forbid them not
to take your coat also.Give to every man that asks of you; and of him that takes
away your goods ask them not again. Give to every man that askes of you; and of
him that taketh away your goods ask the not again. For if you love them which
love you, what thank have you? for sinners also love those that love them.
And if you do good to them which do good to you, what thank have you? for
sinners also do even the same. And if you lend to them of whom you hope to
receive, what thank have you? for sinners also lend to sinners, to receive as
much again. But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing
again; and your reward shall be great, and you shall be the children of the
Highest: for he is kind unto the unthankful and to the evil.)
Questions:
1. Does Paul mean that a Christian should never take any matter to court?
2. What do you think Paul's councel would have been had he been discussing a
grievance between a Christian and a non-Christian?
c. Sexual Immorality (I Corinthians 6:18 Flee fornication. Every sin that a
man doeth is outside the body; but he that committs fornication sinns against
his own body.)
IV. Instruction on Marriage(ch.7)
a. The Prologue: General Principles(7:1-7)
The wife hath not power of her own body, but the husband: and likewise also the
husband hath not power of his own body, but the wife.
b. The Problems of the Married(7:8-24)
c. The Problems of the Unmarried(7:25-40)
Would Paul have encouraged Christians to marry non-Christans.
Why is it important that we keep the historical background in focus as we attempt
to interpret this chapter?
How does this fit with:
Genesis 2:18 And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone;
I will make him an help mate for him...
Genesis 2:24 Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall
cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.
V. Instruction on Questionable Practices(8:1-11:1)
a. The Principles Involved(ch.8) We have Freedom and Liberty in Christ but
we choose to Abstain.I Corinthians 8:9 But take heed lest by any means this
liberty of yours become a stumblingblock to them that are weak.
What is Christian Liberty?
b. The Principles Illustrated(ch.9)
(9:19-20 Though I am free and belong to no man, I make myself a slave to everyone,
to win as many as possible. To the Jews I became like a Jew, to win the Jews.
To those under the law I became like one under the law(though I myself am not
under the law), so as to win those under the law.)
c. A Warning from the History of Israel(10:1-22)
d. The Principles Applied(10:23-11:1) (23 Everything is permissable"--but not
everything is beneficial. "Everything is permissible"--but not everything is
constructive. Nobody should seek his own good, but the good of others.)
(31 So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the
glory of God.)
VI. Instruction on Public Worship(11:2-14:40)
a. Propriety in Worship(11:2-16) Order
b. The Lord's Supper(11:17-34)
I Corinthians 11:27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this
cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.
c. Spiritual Gifts(chs.12-14)
1. The test of the gifts(12:1-3)
Now concerning spiritual gifts , brethren, I would not have you ignorant. Ye
know that ye were Gentiles, carried away unto these dumb idols, even as ye were
led. Wherefore I give you to understand, that no man speaking by the Spirit of
God calleth Jesus accursed: and that no man can say that Jesus is the Lord,
but by the Holy Ghost.
2. The unity of the gifts(12:4-11)
Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit. And there are
differences of administrations, but the same Lord. And there are diversities
of operations, but it is the same God which worketh all in all. But the
manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal.
3. The diversity of the gifts(12:12-31a)
4. The necessity of exercising the gifts in love(12:31b-13:13)
(13:13 And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of
these is charity.)
5. The superiority of prophecy over tongues(14:1-25)
(14:2-3 For he that speaketh in an unknown tongue speaketh not unto men, but
unto God: for no man understandeth him ; howbeit in the spirit he speaketh
mysteries. But he that prophesieth speaketh unto men to edification, and
exhortation, and comfort.)
6. Rules governing public worship(14:26-40) Order
VII. Instruction on the Resurreciton(ch.15)
a. The Certainty of the Resurrection(15:1-34)
(3-6 For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that
Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; And that he was buried,
and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures: And that he
was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve: After that, he was seen of above five
hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but
some are fallen asleep.)
b. The Consideration of Certain Objections(15:35-57)
(35- But some man will say, How are the dead raised up? and with what body do
they come?)
c. The Concluding Appeal(15:58)
VIII. Conclusion: Practical and Personal Matters(ch.16)
II Corinthians
I. Primarily Apologetic: Paul's Explanation of His Conduct and Apostolic Ministry.
(chs. 1-7)
a. Salutation(1:1-2)
b. Thanksgiving for Divine Comfort in Affliction(1:3-11)
c. The Integrity of Paul's Motives and Conduct(1:12-2:4)
d. Forgiving the Offender at Corinth(2:5-11)
e. God's Direction in the Ministry(2:12-17)
f. The Corinthian Believers--a Letter from Christ(3:1-11)
g. Seeing the Glory of God with unvailed Faces(3:12-4:6)
h. Treasure in Clay Jars(4:7-16a)
i. The Prospect of Death and What it Means for the Christian(4:16b-5:10)
j. The Ministry of Reconcilliation(5:11-6:10)
k. A Spiritual Father's Appeal to his Children(6:11-7:4)
l. The Meeting with Titus(7:5-16)
II. Hortatory: The Collection for the Christians at Jerusalem(chs.8-9)
a. Generosity Encouraged(8:1-15)
b. Titus and His Companions Sent to Corinth(8:16-9:5)
c. Final Warnings(13:1-10)
III. Polemical: Paul's Vindication of His Apostlic Authority(chs.10-13)
a. Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Authority and the Area of His Mission(ch.10)
b. Paul Forced into Foolish Boasting(chs.11-12)
c. Final Warnings(13:1-10)
d. Conclusion(13:11-14)
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