| Macromedia
Flash References |
|
Chicago underground TV and radio history |
| The Magic Door a Jewish Kid Show |
| Creature Features WGN TV 9 |
| The FOX radio, Fox River Valley |
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| WNUR Northwestern University |
| Antidote Radio Highland Park |
| JBTV Chicago |
Political Radio sitesSatelite
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Jon
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Embroidery
Graphics Software
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Kune Do
Robbie Knievel
....... FRIENDS OF THE FAMILY ......
Christian White and Director Howie Samuelson
artist-sound designer Nandor Nevi
Film director Grady Sain
artist Tony Gold director of "Duelin' Firemen"
Treanor Brothers Animation Todd and Paul
Mark Mothersbaugh Devo
Timothy Leary Timothy Leary
David Yow The Jesus Lizard
Steve Albini Producer
Rudy Raymoore Actor
Buddy Guy's Legends Club
Stephan Smith director at WindMill Lane Productions.
MediaUnderground Paul Remo the Pro
Anthony Foy is the man in Florida
Indie film Raging Hormones
Special Effects studio "Boss Films"
Richard
Edlund, Dean
Lyon Boss
Films Corp
Discreet Flame computer and
Director Martin Weisz on the
X-Files video "One" classic Three Dog Knight song
by the band Filter
X-Files director,"Chris Carter"
Discreet Smoke computer and
The Cut Hut, Shursen and director Joseph Kahn
Brandy's video for 1998's platinum
selling hit "The Boy Is Mine" with Monica.
Brandy was nominated for 2 MTV Video Music Awards with Monica for Best R&B Video.
Post Logic Studios Hollywood and
Computer Discreet Inferno
BBC Films gives the Warner Brothers DVD restoration
"Rebel Without A Cause" a four star review
Warners DVD restoration,
"My Fair Lady"Audio Video Revolution
calls this restoration, "a gorgeous DVD, crystal clear in both image and sound"."Casablanca" the second-best American film ever made RottenTomatoes.com
Warner Brothers DVD release of
the Humphrey Bogart classic Casablanca.
And of course JBTV Chicago
The bigest Dr. against cholestrol druges is Dr. Whitaker. http://www.DrWhitaker.com his web site is more of a store than anything else.
He wants you to take a subscription to his news letter and for that he will send you some books that he published on all kinds of healthly living subjects.
I did it and the books were most useful.
Also there is Dr. Robert Jay Rowen. http://www.secondopinionnewsletter.com
Again you must join, I did. However the mainstream doctors don't like what they have to say.
Extra Resources
Free tutorials, Macromedia Dreamweaver, Fireworks and Flash, Photoshop, Paintshop Pro, Image Ready, Homesite
FlashAudio/Flash
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Flash
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Flash
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Flash
From Angry Coffee, how to download, upload and encode, audio
Flash 101, The Hammer and the Chisel
Part 1 of a beginners tutorial from SitePoint
ColdFusion
Horwith.com
Simon Horwith the Coldfusion guru
Forta.com
From the guru of ColdFusion MX Web Application Construction Kit (CFWACK), you'll have to look hard to find a better book for beginners and intermediate CF users, Ben's site is full of resources and information
Full As A Goog
RSS feed from several CF related blogs
Fusion Authority
Find a local ColdFusion User Group (CFUG), tutorials, articles for beginning, intermediate and advanced level programmers
House of Fusion
Resources, articles and listserv information.
Introduction to Cold Fusion Data Structures
A necessary evil in any programming language, structures and arrays, called structs in CF. Part II
ColdFusion Verity Search
From Easy CFM.com a two part tutorial concerning implementation of the verity search with ColdFusion.
Pop Up Windows
Set the length of time a popup menu stays open
ServerSide Includes
A feature of CGI (working in conjunction with a server) that allow you to dynamically insert a piece of information into any Web page
StreamingMedia
Lots of great stuff at this site, this link is to Flash tutorials
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Provides tutorials on NavBar Behavior, Persistent Menu, DHTML Drop Down Fly-Out Menu, Image Map Menu, Linked CSS and Bloody DinosaurUltraDev Tutorial
UltraDev is Macromedia's database solution. StudioVII provides their first tutorial on working with UltraDev
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Download objects, commands, behaviors, inspectors
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Fireworks Effects: Choosing is the Hard Part
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Fireworks - Image Slicing Learn when and where to slice and the benefits of slicing images
Using Fireworks to Create Image Slices
Learn how to make your large images smaller and start loading faster
Fireworks - Using Gradients Effectively
Wendy Peck (we call her Ms. Graphics!) provides a simple but powerful tutorial on how to use gradients in Fireworks to make your designs shine!
Fireworks for Photoshop Users
This tutorial explains how to take your Photoshop skills and translate them into use with Fireworks
Fireworks - Playing with Fire One look at this site and you will know they know their stuff! Rounding square corners; Triangles, three; Freeform objects; 3D cylinders and boxes; Slicing a pie; Nested elliptical grids and much, much more
Fireworks - One Day Course
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It's real easy to make your own borders for graphics when you follow this tutorial for a round border
FireWorks Tutorials A list of tutorials and forum sites for Macromedia Fireworks that just won't quit from About.com!
The Linkz
Gotta be the Flashish site! This site deals in Flash, Flash resources and Shockwave. If it has been written, it's probably here! Link to Tutorials
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Page Layout in Dreamweaver
Discusses Tables and Layers layouts and why you might want to create CSS for various browsers.
|
|
Dean Lyon's Computer Graphic's History
As told to me in Hollywood, by Dean himself. |
| |
1975 |
| Altair 8800 computer |
| Winged edge polyhedra representation |
| Bill Gates starts Microsoft |
| JPL Graphics Lab developed |
| Anima animation system developed at CGRG at Ohio
State |
1976 |
| Jim Blinn develops reflectance and environment mapping |
| Ukrainian Pysanka Egg erected in Vegraville, Canada
by Ron Resch to commemorate the RCMP |
| Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple computer. |
1977 |
| Apple Computer incorporated |
| Apple II released |
| Computer Graphics World begins publication |
| Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences introduces
Visual Effects category for Oscars |
| Larry Cuba produces Death Star simulation for Star
Wars using Grass at UICC developed by Tom DeFanti at Ohio State |
1978 |
| Leroy Nieman uses Ampex paint system to draw football
players in Super Bowl XII |
| James Blinn produces the first of a series of animations
titled The Mechanical Universe |
| Bump mapping introduced |
1979 |
| National Computer Graphics Association organized |
| IBM 3279 color terminal |
| Atari 8-bit computers introduced |
| Disney produces The Black Hole using CGI for the
opening |
| Chris Carter joins the Army and goes to Stuttgart,
Germany |
1980 |
| Apollo Computer founded |
| Turner Whitted of Bell Labs publishes ray tracing
paper |
| First NCGA conference - Arlington, Virginia - Steven
Levine, President |
| IBM licenses DOS from Microsoft |
| Aurora Systems founded by Richard Shoup |
| Disney uses computer graphics for the movie Tron |
| MIT Media Lab founded by Nicholas Negroponte |
| Hanna-Barbera, largest producer of animation in
the U.S.,begins implementation of computer automation of animation process |
| Quantel introduces Paintbox |
| Chris Carter produces his first multi-track audio
recordings using two cassette decks and a 4-track TEAC reel to reel. |
1981 |
| Sony Betacam |
| Tom DeFanti expands GRASS to Bally Z-50 machine |
| IBM introduces the first IBM PC |
| Penguin Software (now Polarware) introduces the
Complete Graphics System |
| Looker includes the virtual human character Cindy |
1982 |
| The Last Starfighter |
| Skeleton Animation System developed at CGRG at Ohio
State |
| ACM begins publication of TOG |
| Tom Brighham develops morphing |
| Adobe founded by John Warnock |
| Atari develops the data glove. |
| AutoDesk founded; AutoCAD released |
1983 |
| ILM computer graphics division develops "Genesis
effect" for Star Trek II - The Wrath of Khan |
| Autodesk introduces first PC-based CAD software |
1984 |
| Robert Able & Associates produces the 1st computer
generated 30 second commercial used for Super Bowl |
| Wavefront Technologies is the first commercially
available 3D software package |
| 14.5 minute computer generated IMAX film shown at
SIGGRAPH 84 |
| Universal Studios opens CG department |
| First Macintosh computer is sold; introduced with
Clio award winning commercial 1984 during Super Bowl |
| Lucasfilms introduces motion blur effects |
| Chris Carter attends Illustrator 88 classes at Lake
Co. College |
1985 |
| Pixar Image Computer goes to market |
1986 |
| Young Sherlock Holmes stained glass knight |
| 2010 The Movie |
| The Great Mouse Detective was the first animated
film to be aided by CG. |
| Pixar purchased from Lucasfilm by Steve Jobs |
| Microsoft goes public |
| Apple IIgs introduced |
| Luxo Jr. nominated for Oscar |
1987 |
| GIF format |
| Willow popularizes morphing |
| VGA invented by IBM |
1988 |
| PICT format |
| Apple sues Microsoft for copyright infringement
for GUI |
| U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for RenderMan |
| Who Framed Roger Rabbit mixes live action and animation |
| Disney and Pixar develop CAPS |
| PIXAR wins Academy award for Tin Toy |
1989 |
| PIXAR starts marketing RenderMan |
1990 |
| Microsoft ships Windows 3.0 |
| U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for point sampling |
| 3D Studio |
1991 |
| World Wide Web |
| Disney and PIXAR agree to create 3 films, including
the first computer animated full-length film Toy Story |
| ILM produces Terminator 2 |
| JPEG/MPEG |
1992 |
| Disney and Pixar get Academy Technical Achievement
Award for CAPS production system |
| QuickTime introduced |
| University of Illinois debuts CAVE virtual reality
technology at SIGGRAPH 92 |
| Lawnmower Man |
| VIFX uses flock animation with Prism software to
create large groups of animals |
1993 |
| disk array and compression codecs allow for nonlinear
editing and full motion video |
| Jurassic Park |
| Babylon 5 uses Amiga and Macintosh generated CGI |
| Myst released |
1994 |
| SGI and Nintendo team up for Nintendo 64 product |
| Microsoft acquires Softimage - announces Windows
95 |
| Doom hits game market |
| Reboot (CG cartoon) uses 3D characters |
| Facetracker used by SimmGraphics to animate facial
expressions for Super Mario |
1995 |
| Toy Story |
| DreamWorks SKG founded |
| Pixar goes public with 6.9M share offering |
| Sony Playstation introduced |
1996 |
| Quake hits game market |
| Windows 95 ships |
1997 |
| DVD technology unveiled |
| Jim Kajiya of Cal Tech gets Academy Award for development
and application of CGI hair and fur |
1998 |
| Titanic becomes the largest grossing motion picture
in US history |
| MPEG-4 standard announced |
| Geri's Game - awarded the Academy Award for Animated
Short |
| Pixar awarded a Scientific and Technical Academy
Award for the development of software that produces images used in motion
pictures from 3D computer descriptions of shape and appearance |
1999 |
| Star wars Episode One |
| Toy Story 2 produced by Pixar |
| Fantasia 2000 produced by Disney |
| Disney's DreamQuest and Feature Animation join to
form The Secret Lab |
2000 |
| Playstation 2 |
| Microsoft X-Box prototype shown at SIGGRAPH 2000 |
| Dinosaur produced by Disney |
2001 |
| Windows XP |
| movies - Final Fantasy , Monsters Inc, Harry Potter,
A.I., Lord of the Rings, Shrek, Jurassic Park III |
| Microsoft xBox and Nintendo Gamecube released |
| |
Dean Lyon's History of Computing and VRE Timeline
As told to me by Dean in a bar in Las Vegas
1450 Gutenburg press
1687 Principia Mathematica - Isaac Newton
1777 Charles Earl Stanhope invented the first logic machine.
http://www.bartleby.com/65/st/StnhpC.html
1800 J. M. Jacquard used punched cards to control a weaving loom.
http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa111100a.htm
1804 Jacquard loom
1811 Luddites riot
1821 Michael Faraday discovered the principle of the electric motor.
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Faraday.html
http://www.phy.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xfaraday.html
http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/reference/physicist/Faraday.html
http://www.iee.org.uk/TheIEE/Research/Archives/faraday1.cfm
1823 Charles Babbage developed the Difference Engine.
http://www.cbi.umn.edu/exhibits/cb.html
http://www.cbi.umn.edu/exhibits/cb.html
1824 Peter Roget described the persistence of vision.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/roget_peter_mark.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/your_history/family/victorian_photo1.sht
1826 Photography (Niepce)
1831 Dr. Joseph Antoine Plateau and Dr. Simon Rittrer constructed a machine called a phenakitstoscope
1832 Charles Wheatstone invented the stereoscope.
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/archives/collect/1wh20-0.html
1833 Charles Babbage proposed the Analytical Engine.
http://www.cbi.umn.edu/exhibits/cb.html
1834 Horner developed the zoetrope from Plateau's phenakistoscope.
1842 FAX (Alexander Bain)
1843 Morse's telegraph installed between Philadelphia and Washington
1854 George Boole published his method for solving problems in logic.
http://www.digitalcentury.com/encyclo/update/boole.html
1860 Lord Kelvin used the ball and disk integrator for analog computing.
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Thomson.html
1864 Maxwell electromagnetic wave theory becomes basis for radio wave propogation
1872 Eadweard Muybridge started his photographic compilation of animals in motion
1873 James Clerk Maxwell published his "Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism".
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Maxwell.html
1883 Thomas Edison discovered the thermionic effect.
http://edison.rutgers.edu/patents.htm
1884 Nipkow (Germany) devises scanner for scanning and transmitting images
1885 CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
1887 Edison patents motion picture camera
1888 Edison and Dickson record motion picture photos on a wax cylinder
1889 George Eastman began the manufacture of photographic film strips using a nitro-cellulose base.
1888 Berliner invents phonograph
1889 Thomas Edison announced his kinetoscope which projected a 50ft length of film in approximately 13 seconds.
1888 Oberlin Smith introduces basics of magnetic recording
1888 Heinrich Hertz discovered radio waves.
http://www.frannetcanada.com/fecha/hertz.htm
1889 Lon Bolle built a direct multiplication machine.
1890 Herman Hollerith designed an electric tabulating system for the USA census.
http://www.cis.southalabama.edu/faculty/daigle/project1/90herm.htm
1891 Dickson uses Edison's kinetograph to record motion pictures
1896 Herman Hollerith formed the Tabulating Machine Company today's IBM.
1905 Fleming electron tube
1905 Einstein's theory of relativity
1910 Bertrand Russell and Albert North Whitehead published "Principia Mathematica".
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Russell.html
1912 de Forest develops Audion vacuum tube amplifier
1923 Zworykin develops Iconoscope at Westinghouse
1924 John Logie Baird produced television objects in outline.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/baird_logie.shtml
1926 John Logie Baird demonstrated the television of moving objects.
1926 1st teleconference - between Washington and New York
1927 Philo Farnsworth invents fully electronic TV (First all electronic TV is made by RCA in 1932)
1927 Motion picture film standardized at 24 fps
1929 BBC begins broadcasting
1931 1st stereo recordings
1936 Alan Turing showed that certain algorithms could not be solved.
http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/
1936 Konrad Zuse built a relay calculator.
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Zuse.html
http://www.zib.de/zuse/cgi/photoChanger.cgi
1936 the Magnetophone is 1st true magnetic tape recorder
1937 Claude Shannon described an "Electric Adder to Base Two" in his master's thesis.
http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~mbsclass/hall_of_fame/shannon.htm
1937 George Stibitz built an electric adder to the base two at Bell Labs.
http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.invent.org/hall%5Fof%5Ffame/1%5F1%5F6%5Fdetail.asp%3FvInventorID=140
1937 Howard Aiken proposed the need for a new kind of computing machine.
http://www.transy.edu/homepages/miller/web706/pf27p5.htm
1938 Valensi proposes color TV
1938 Thomas Watson (President of IBM) implemented Aiken's idea for a new type of computing machine at Harvard University.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/w/watson-t1j11.asp
1940 Link Aviation developed the first flight trainers.
http://library.lib.binghamton.edu/special/findingaids/linkcoll_m5.html
1941 First U.S. regular TV broadcast
1941 1st TV commercial (for Bulova watches)
1943 The U.S. Army began planning the ENIAC computer.
http://www.maxmon.com/1943bad.htm
1943 British Post Office engineers operated their Colussus computer to decode Germany's Enigma codes.
http://members.lycos.co.uk/johnclark/comput.htm
1944 The Harvard Computation Laboratory completed their automatic, general-purpose, digital computer.
http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa052198.htm
1944 Gordon Brown at M.I.T. was asked to build a simulator for multi-engined aircraft.
http://web.mit.edu/mboleary/www/searlsgilbert/d0001/g0000083.html
1945 Konrad Zuse developed a simple programming language 'plan calculus'.
http://www.epemag.com/zuse/
1945 John von Neumann began work on a fully automatic, digital, all-purpose computing machine.
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/VonNeumann.html
1946 J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly designed ENIAC at the Moore School.
1946 M.I.T's Project Whirlwind was used for real-time air traffic control and aircraft simulation.
http://www3.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9904/02/1951.idg/
1946 George Stibitz completed the first Model V relay calculator.
http://www.home.gil.com.au/~bredshaw/stibitz.htm
1947 Adele Goldstine and John von Neumann developed flow diagrams for describing programs.
http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~williams/509pdffiles/Women_of_ENIAC.pdf
1947 J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly's company built UNIVAC the first computer designed for commercial use.
http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa060298.htm
http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~mbsclass/hall_of_fame/mauchly.htm
1948 Adele Goldstine and John von Neumann developed a program to interpret other programs.
http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/past-women-cs.html#Adele%20Goldstine
1948 William Shockley et al. invented the transistor at Bell Telephone Laboratories.
http://www.aphs.nsw.edu.au/student_work/electronics9/shockley/shockley.htm
1948 F. C. Williams used CRTs as memory delay lines and created patterns of dots.
1948 cable TV is installed
1949 Maurice Wilkes built the EDSAC computer at Cambridge University.
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Wilkes.html
1949 Williams tube (CRT storage tube)
1949 F. C. Williams and T. Kilburn built the MADM computer at Manchester University.
http://www4.wittenberg.edu/academics/mathcomp/bjsdir/madmmk1.shtml
http://www.computer50.org/mark1/williams.html
1950 Cybernetics and Society - Norbert Weiner (MIT)
1950 Ben Laposky uses oscilloscope to display waveforms which were photographed as artwork
1950 The Whirlwind computer at M.I.T. used a CRT for output.
http://www.computer.org/history/development/1951.htm?SMSESSION=NO
1951 The ACE project
http://www4.wittenberg.edu/academics/mathcomp/bjsdir/madmmk1.shtml
1951 Graphics display on vectorscope on Whirlwind computer
1953 NTSC broadcast code
1954 FCC authorizes color TV broadcast
1955 SAGE system at Lincoln Lab uses first light pen (Bert Sutherland)
1955 John von Neumann described 'self-reproducing automata'.http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Von_Neumann.html
1956 Morton Heilig invented the Sensorama. http://atlas.ucpel.tche.br/~tst/sensorama.html
1956 US Patent 3,059,519 - inventor: Stanton, CRT-based binocular "headgear".
http://www.galaxy.gmu.edu/~symanzik/papers/1999_ipt.pdf
1956 Lawrence Livermore National Labs connects graphics display to IBM 704; use film recorder for color images
1956 Ampex demonstrates the Ampex VR2000 videotape recorder (2" tape)
1957 M.L. Heilig patented a pair of head-mounted goggles fitted with two colour TV units.
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/graphics/publications/mmSystems.pdf
1957 1st image-processed photo at National Bureau of Standards
1957 Digital Equipment Corporation founded
1958 The first monolithic integrated circuit was demonstrated.
http://www.inamori-f.or.jp/KyotoPrizes/contents_e/laureates/citation/cit09_at.html
http://www.kilby.org/pr_roger.html
http://www.dotpoint.com/xnumber/kilby.htm
1958 Numerical controlled digital drafting machines - MIT
1958 TX-1 computer at MIT uses graphics console
1958 CalComp 565 drum plotter
1958 John Whitney Sr. uses analog computer to make art
1959 First film recorder - General Dynamics Stromberg Carlson 4020
1960 The Boeing Corporation coined the term 'computer graphics'.
http://www.cs.wpi.edu/~matt/courses/cs563/talks/history.html
1960 William Fetter of Boeing coins the term "computer graphics" for his human factors cockpit drawings
1960 John Whitney Sr. founds Motion Graphics, Inc.
1960 DEC PDP-1 introduced
1961 Integrated circuits were used in commercial computers.
http://www.tml.hut.fi/Studies/Tik-111.080/2000/papers/seppo/paper.pdf
1961 John Whitney Sr., creates the intro to Alfred Hitchock's Vertigo using analog computer graphics devices
1961 Spacewars, 1st video game, developed by Steve Russell at MIT for the PDP-1
1962 W. Uttal, assigned to IBM, patented a glove for teaching touch typing.
1963 Ivan Sutherland submitted his doctoral thesis "SKETCHPAD: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System".
http://www.sun.com/960710/feature3/sketchpad.html
1963 1st computer art competition, sponsored by Computers and Automation
1963 Mouse invented by Doug Englebart of SRI
1963 Coons' patches
1963 1st (?) computer generated film by Edward Zajac (Bell Labs)
1963 BEFLIX developed at Bell Labs by Ken Knowlton
1963 Charles Csuri makes his first computer generated artwork
1963 DAC-1, first commercial CAD system, developed in 1959 by IBM for General Motors is shown at JCC
1963 Lockheed Georgia starts graphics activity
1963 Michael Noll (Bell Labs) starts his Gaussian Quadratic series of artwork
1963 Roberts hidden line algorithm (MIT)
1964 Project MAC (MIT)
1964 IBM 2250 console introduced with IBM 360 computer
1964 Poem Field by Stan Vanderbeek and Ken Knowlton
1964 Itek Digigraphic Program (later Control Data graphics system)
1964 RAND tablet input device (also called Grafacon)
1964 compact cassette tape (Phillips)
1964 Electronic character generator
1965 Ivan Sutherland published "The Ultimate Display".
http://www.digitalcentury.com/encyclo/update/sutherland.html
http://www.cce.ufsc.br/~rohleder/Model/historia/sld005.htm
1965 1st computer art exhibition, at Technische Hochschule in Stuttgart
1965 1st U.S. computer art exhibition, at Howard Wise Gallery in New York
1965 Adage founded
1965 Bresenham Algorithm for plotting lines
1965 BBN Teleputer uses Tektronix CRT
1966 Tom Furness began work on display systems for pilots.
1966 Odyssey, home video game developed by Ralph Baer of Sanders Assoc, is 1st consumer CG product
1966 Group 1 FAX machines (using CCITT compression)
1966 Lincoln Wand developed
1966 Plasma Panel introduced
1966 Studies in Perception I by Ken Knowlton and Leon Harmon (Bell Labs)
1966 MAGI founded by Phil Mittleman
1966 Loutrel hidden line algorithm
1967 Fred Brooks et al. developed the force feedback GROPE system at UNC at Chapel Hill.
1967 Appel hidden line algorithm
1967 Sine Curve Man and Hummingbird created by Chuck Csuri
1967 Adage real time 3D line drawing system
1967 GE introduces first full color real time interactive flight simulator for NASA - Rod Rougelet
1967 Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.) started in New York by artists Rauschenberg and Kluver
1967 MIT's Center for Advanced Visual Studies founded by Gyorgy Kepes
1967 1/2 inch open reel video tape recorder
1968 Ivan Sutherland published "A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional Display".
http://www.sun.com/960710/feature3/ivan-profile.html
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/TMTCTW.html
http://www.uni-weimar.de/architektur/InfAR/lehre/Course01/i_suth.html
http://www.sun.com/960710/feature3/ivan-publish.html
1968 DEC 338 intelligent graphics terminal
1968 Tektronix 4010
1968 University of Utah recruits Dave Evans to form a CG department in computer science
1968 Warnock algorithm
1968 Watkins algorithm
1968 Cybernetic Serendipity: The Computer and the Arts exhibition at London Institute of Contemporary Arts
1968 Csuri's Hummingbird purchased by Museum of Modern Art for permanent collection
1968 Permutations - John Whitney, Sr.
1968 Sutherland Head Mounted Display (Sword of Damocles), developed in 1966, shown (AFIPS Conference)
1968 Evans & Sutherland, Calma, Houston Instrument, Imlac founded
1968 LDS-1 from E&S introduces line clipping
1969 SCANIMATE commercialized - Lee Harrison
1969 Genesys anaimation system - Ron Baecker
1969 Computer Image Corporation founded
1969 Bell Labs builds first framebuffer (3 bits)
1969 1st use of CGI for commercials - MAGI for IBM
1969 Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed by Xerox (Alan Kay)
1969 SIGGRAPH formed (began as special interest committee in 1967 by Sam Matsa and Andy vanDam)
1969 ComputerVision, Applicon, Vector General founded
1969 ARPANET is born
1970 Sonic Pen 3-D input device
1971 Redifon Ltd. (UK) began manufacturing flight simulators with computer graphics displays.
http://home.clara.net/robmorton/tli/chap01/emp.htm#Redifon
1971 Henri Gouraud submitted his doctoral thesis "Computer Display of Curved Surfaces".
http://www.cs.utah.edu/dept/history/#gouraud-ref
http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/5323/1970.htm
http://www.univ-reims.fr/Labos/LERI/Afig99/gouraud1.html
1971 Gouraud shading
1971 Ramtek founded
1971 MCS (Manufacturing and Consulting Services) founded by Patrick Hanratty, consedered the "father" of mechanical CAD/CAM
1971 Altair 8800 computer
1971 Robert Abel and Associates founded
1972 MAGI Synthevision started (Bo Gehring)
1972 CGRG founded at Ohio State
1972 Emmy awarded to Lee Harrison for SCANIMATE
1972 Alto computer introduced by Xerox PARC (Alan Kay)
1972 Megatek founded
1972 Utah hand (Catmull) and face (Parke) animations produced
1972 Computer Graphics and Image Processing journal begins publication
1972 8-bit frame buffer developed by Dick Shoup at Xerox PARC
1972 Sandin Image Processor - Dan Sandin, Univ. Illinois-Chicago Circle
1972 Atari formed (Nolan Bushnell)
1972 Newell, Newell and Sancha visible surface algorithm
1972 video game Pong developed for Atari
1972 Graphics Symbiosis System (GRASS) developed at Ohio State by Tom DeFanti
1973 Bui-Tuong Phong submitted his doctoral thesis "Illumination for Computer Generated Images".
http://www.cs.utah.edu/dept/history/#phong-ref
http://www.uiah.fi/~spo/glos_shader.html
http://pcmp.caltech.edu/anaprose/dick/Other/Phong/Phong_TR-43.pdf
1973 E&S begins marketing first commercial frame buffer
1973 Ethernet - Bob Metcalf (Harvard)
1973 Westworld - 1st film to use CGI - graphics produced at III
1973 Circle Graphics Habitat founded at Univ. Illinois Chicago (Tom DeFanti & Dan Sandin)
1973 first SIGGRAPH conference (Boulder)
1973 3/4 inch portapack replaces 16mm film for news gathering
1973 Richard Shoup develops PARC raster display
1973 Rich Riesenfeld (Syracuse) introduces b-splines
1973 Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics (Newman and Sproull) first comprehensive graphics textbook is published
1974 Motion Pictures Product Group formed at III by John Whitney, Jr. and Gary Demos
1974 Alex Schure opens CGL at NYIT, with Ed Catmull as Director
1974 SuperPaint developed by Dick Shoup and Alvy Ray Smith
1974 TCP protocol (Vint Cerf, Bob Kahn)
1974 z-buffer developed by Ed Catmull (Univ of Utah)
1974 Hunger produced by Peter Foldes at National Research Council of Canada; wins Cannes Film Festival Prix de Jury award for animation
1975 Sony Betamax recorder
1975 fractals - Benoit Mandelbrot (IBM)
1975 Catmull curved surface rendering algorithm
1975 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple computer.
1975 Bill Gates starts Microsoft
1975 Martin Newell (Utah) develops CGI teapot (physical teapot now in the Computer Museum in Boston)
1975 JPL Graphics Lab developed (Bob Holzman)
1975 Anima animation system developed at CGRG at Ohio State (Csuri)
1976 P. J. Kilpatrick published his doctoral thesis "The Use of a Kinematic Supplement in an Interactive Graphics System".
http://www.ee.udel.edu/InfoAccess/Publications/way_thesis_bib.ps
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=807392&coll=Portal&dl=GUIDE
http://www.cs.unc.edu/Research/force/
1976 MITs Visible Language Workshop founded by Muriel Cooper
1976 Alvy Ray Smith develops "tweening" software (NYIT)
1976 Dolby sound
1976 Jim Blinn develops reflectance and environment mapping (Univ of Utah)
1976 Nelson Max's sphere inversion film
1976 Ukrainian Pysanka Egg erected in Vegraville, Canada by Ron Resch (University of Utah) to commemorate the RCMP
1976 Sony Beta home video
1977 Dan Sandin and Richard Sayre invented a bend-sensing glove.
http://www.mlab.uiah.fi/briefhistory/vr_timeline/sayre.html
http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~waleed/thesis/node33.html
http://www.computer.org/cga/cg1994/g1030abs.htm
http://www.ipo.tue.nl/homepages/mrauterb/presentations/HCI-history/sld065.htm
http://www.ipo.tue.nl/homepages/mrauterb/presentations/HCI-history/tsld065.htm
1977 JVC VHS home video
1977 Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences introduces Visual Effects category for Oscars
1977 Nelson Max joins LLL; Jim Blinn joins JPL
1977 GKS (Graphical Kernal System) graphics standard introduced
1977 Fuchs multiprocessor visible surface algorithm
1977 Larry Cuba produces Death Star simulation for Star Wars using Grass at UICC developed by Tom DeFanti at Ohio State
1979 F. H. Raab et al. described the Polhemus tracking system.
http://human-factors.arc.nasa.gov/ihh/spatial/papers/pdfs_se/Ellis_1996_Virtual_Environments.html
http://www.mic.atr.co.jp/~poup/3dui/spatial.html
http://people.imt.liu.se/~gosal/BMT02/artiklar/ultra/m105r1.pdf
1978 Tom DeFanti's GRASS system rewritten for Bally home computer (Zgrass)
1978 AT&T and Canadian Telidon introduce videotex graphics standard (NAPLPS)
1978 Digital Effects founded (Judson Rosebush, Jeff Kleiser, et al)
1978 Ikonas frame buffer - England/Whitton
1978 Leroy Nieman uses Ampex paint system to draw football players in Super Bowl
1978 R/Greenberg founded (Richard and Robert Greenberg)
1978 James Blinn produces the first of a series of animations titled The Mechanical Universe
1978 DEC VAX 11/780 introduced
1978 video laser disc
1978 Bump mapping introduced (Blinn)
1979 Eric Howlett (LEEP Systems, Inc.) designed the Large Expanse Enhanced Perspective (LEEP) Optics.
http://world.std.com/~leep/arv-1a.htm
http://cogsci.vassar.edu/CogSci311/InteractiveVR.pdf
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/AY2002/cs7497_spring/Lectures/08HMDs.ppt
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/AY2000/cs7497_spring/HMDs.ppt
1979 National Computer Graphics Association (NCGA) organized
1979 IBM 3279 color terminal
1979 SIGGRAPH CORE Graphics standard
1979 Sunstone - Ed Emshwiller (NYIT)
1979 George Lucas hires Ed Catmull, Ralph Guggenheim and Alvy Ray Smith to form Lucasfilm
1980 Andy Lippman developed an interactive video disk to drive around Aspen.
http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/people/RMB/old/old318/318.lect13.pdf
http://aegis.ateneo.net/cs175/files/introduction.ppt
http://america3.pcs.cnu.edu/~dbliss/ProjRpt/ProjectReport/SrProjectReport.htm
1980 Vol Libre - Loren Carpenter of Boeing
1980 Apollo Computer founded
1980 Turner Whitted of Bell Labs publishes ray tracing paper
1980 First NCGA conference - Arlington, Virginia - Steven Levine, President
1980 IBM licenses DOS from Microsoft
1980 Aurora Systems founded by Richard Shoup
1980 Disney uses computer graphics for the movie Tron
1980 MIT Media Lab founded by Nicholas Negroponte
1980 Pacific Data Images founded by Carl Rosendahl
1980 Hanna-Barbera, largest producer of animation in the U.S.,begins implementation of computer automation of animation process
1980 Sony Walkman
1981 Tom Furness developed the 'virtual cockpit'.
http://techcon.ncms.org/01con/speakers.htm
http://www.eimc.brad.ac.uk/news/us.htm
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/
http://http://www.hec.afrl.af.mil/Publications/histo.pdf
www.aect.org/Intranet/Publications/edtech/pdf/15.pdf
1981 G.J. Grimes, assigned to Bell Telephone Labs, patented a data entry glove
http://www.pcworld.com/features/article/0%2Caid%2C95263%2C00.asp
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/fels93glovetalk.html
http://www.bandwidthmarket.com/resources/patents/data1/4414537.html
1981 Sony Betacam
1981 Tom DeFanti expands GRASS to Bally Z-50 machine (ZGRASS) - Univ Illinois - Chicago Circle
1981 IBM introduces the first IBM PC (16 bit 8088 chip)
1981 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications published by IEEE Computer Society and NCGA
1981 Digital Productions formed by Whitney and Demos
1981 Cranston/Csuri Productions founded by Chuck Csuri and Robert Kanuth
1981 R/Greenberg opens CGI division (Chris Woods)
1981 MITI Fifth Generation Computer Project announced by Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry
1981 REYES renderer written at LucasFilm
1981 Carla's Island - Nelson Max
1982 Thomas Zimmerman patented a data input glove based upon optical sensors, such that internal refraction could be correlated with finger flexion and extension
http://domino.research.ibm.com/comm/wwwr_thinkresearch.nsf/pages/pan197.html
http://www.lsi.usp.br/~mkzuffo/PSI5787/Aula_03.pdf
http://www.psymbiote.org/glove.html
http://www.geocities.com/mellott124/glove1.htm
http://burks.bton.ac.uk/burks/foldoc/61/28.htm
http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/~shollar/fingeracc/fingeracc.html
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/scivw/scivw-ftp/WWW/glove.html
http://www.cs.brown.edu/research/graphics/research/pub/papers/cgim99-flex.pdf
http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~waleed/thesis/node154.html
http://www.delphion.com/details?pn10=US04988981
1982 The Last Starfighter (Digital Productions)
1982 The Geometry Engine (Clark)
1982 Jim Clark founds Silicon Graphics Inc.
1982 fractal rendering (Fournier, Fussell and Carpenter)
1982 Skeleton Animation System (SAS) developed at CGRG at Ohio State (Dave Zeltzer)
1982 Sony still frame video camera (Mavica)
1982 ACM begins publication of TOG (Transactions on Graphics)
1982 Tom Brighham develops morphing (NYIT)
1982 Adobe founded by John Warnock
1982 Atari develops the data glove.
1982 AutoDesk founded; AutoCAD released
1983 Mark Callahan built a see-through HMD at MIT.
http://graphics.cs.ucdavis.edu/~staadt/ECS289H/holloway93virtual.pdf
1983 Myron Krueger published Artificial Reality.
http://www.softatomic.com/retort/issue9/extras/extra01.htm
http://www.iamas.ac.jp/interaction/i97/artist_Krueger.html
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/context/282917/0
http://www.shift.com/content/web/270/1.html
http://www.junglescene.com/forums/browse.php?fid=42&tid=505&go=Myron+Krueger
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/context/336583/0
http://www.pearsonptg.com/book_detail/0,3771,0201522608,00.html
1983 Particle systems (Reeves - Lucasfilm)
1983 ILM computer graphics division develops "Genesis effect" for Star Trek II - The Wrath of Khan
1983 SGI IRIS 1000 graphics workstation
1983 Road to Point Reyes - Lucasfilm
1983 Jim Blinn receives the first (1983) ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1983 Ivan Sutherland receives the first (1983) ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1983 Steve Dompier's "Micro Illustrator" is first PC paint program (for Apple II)
1983 mip-mapping introduced for efficient texture mapping (Williams - NYIT)
1983 Sony and Philips introduce 1st CD player
1984 William Gibson wrote about "cyberspace" in Neuromancer.
http://www.antonraubenweiss.com/gibson/gibson.html
http://www.ibiblio.org/cmc/mag/1995/sep/doherty.html
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/5972/gibson.html
http://www.cesnur.org/2001/london2001/aupers.htm
http://www.streettech.com/bcp/BCPtext/Glossary/gloss1.html#Cyberspace
1984 Mike McGreevy and Jim Humpries developed VIVED (VIrtual Visual Environment Display) system for future astronauts at NASA.
http://olias.arc.nasa.gov/IHpublications/mcgreevy/VRPE/wex.VRPE.4.html#plate
1984 Robert Able & Associates produces the 1st computer generated 30 second commercial used for Super Bowl (Brilliance)
1984 Wavefront Technologies is the first commercially available 3D software package.
1984 Thomson Digital Image (TDI) founded
1984 Jim Clark receives the 1984 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1984 International Resource Development report predicts the extinction of the keyboard in the next decade
1984 A-buffer (or alpha-buffer) introduced by Carpenter of Lucasfilm
1984 Distributed ray tracing introduced by Lucasfilm
1984 Cook shading model (Lucasfilm)
1984 14.5 minute computer generated IMAX film shown at SIGGRAPH 84 - 18 teams; 20 segments
1984 Universal Studios opens CG department
1984 First Macintosh computer is sold; introduced with Clio award winning commercial during Super Bowl
1984 - McDonnel Douglas introduces the Polhemus 3Space digitizer and body Tracker
1984 Radiosity born - Cornell University
1984 John Lasseter joins Lucasfilm
1984 Digital Productions (Whitney and Demos) get Academy Technical Achievement Award for CGI simulation of motion picture photography
1984 Lucasfilms introduces motion blur effects
1984 Porter and Duff compositing algorithm (Lucasfilm)
1984 The Adventures of Andre and Wally B. (Lucasfilm)
1985 VPL Research, Inc. was founded.
http://www.streettech.com/bcp/BCPtext/StreetTech/VPL.html
http://www.cs.orst.edu/~burnett/vpl.html
http://people.advanced.org/~jaron/sun.html
http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,10296,00.html
http://publish.uwo.ca/~sccheong/vr_display.htm
1985 Mike McGreevy and Jim Humphries built a HMD from monochrome LCD pocket television displays.
http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~cohen/VW2000/Misc/Robinett_Holloway_94-031.pdf
http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/VR/VR/CaveTrain/cave_setup.html
http://www.blueprint2000.com/site/virtual/vr.html
http://olias.arc.nasa.gov/IHpublications/mcgreevy/VRPE/wex.VRPE.1.html
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/groups/honors-program/freshsem/19951996/zadoc/systems.html
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/AY2002/cs7497_spring/Lectures/book.pdf
http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~pierreb/CourseLectures/VRHistory.pdf
1985 Commodore launches the new Amiga
1985 Loren Carpenter receives the 1985 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1985 Pierre Bezier receives the 1985 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1985 Sogitec founded (Xavier Nicolas)
1985 Abel Image Research takes Robert Abel & Associates to shaded graphics business
1985 Tony de Peltrie airs
1985 stereo TV
1985 CGW predicts 90s graphics workstation
1985 Targa 16 board (AT&T) goes to market
1985 Pixar Image Computer goes to market
1985 Perlin's noise functions introduced
1985 CD-ROMs High Sierra (ISO9660) standard introduced
1985 PostScript (Adobe - John Warnock)
1985 PODA creature animation system developed by Girard and Maciejewski at Ohio State
1985 Boss Films founded by Richard Edlund
1985 MIT Media Lab moves to new home
1986 The Great Mouse Detective was the first animated film to be aided by CG.
1986 Pixar purchased from Lucasfilm by Steve Jobs
1986 Trancept Systemes founded by Nick England and Mary Whitton - graphics board for Sun
1986 CGI group starts at Industrial Light and Magic (Doug Kay and George Joblove)
1986 Softimage founded by Daniel Langlois in Montreal
1986 Apple IIgs introduced
1986 Turner Whitted receives the 1986 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1986 Waldo project introduces motion capture (Digital Productions)
1986 Kajiya's Rendering Equation
1986 Omnibus assumes Robert Able & Associates and Digital Productions in hostile takeovers by John Pennie and investors
1986 Whitney/Demos Productions founded
1986 Intel introduces 82786 graphics coprocessor chip ; Texas Instruments introduces TMS34010 Graphics System Processor
1986 NSFNet
1986 Luxo Jr. nominated for Oscar (first CGI film to be nominated - Pixar)
1986 TIFF (Aldus)
1986 Scitex founded for prepress
1987 Jonathan Waldern formed W Industries.
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/scivw/scivw-ftp/conferences/1991/InCyberspace.91.review
http://www.delphion.com/details%3Fpn%3DGB02201069A_
http://www.delphion.com/details%3Fpn10%3DUS04984179
http://www.forbes.com/specialsections/optical/04b.htm
http://www.saic.ru/news/jan00/news01-07-00.html
http://www.optipia.org/electric.html
http://www.cal-it.org/data/press/136.doc
1987 Tom Zimmerman et al. developed an interactive glove.
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/context/189365/0
http://www.media.mit.edu/physics/publications/papers/98.02.CGA_Final.pdf
http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~amulder/personal/vmi/BSCM1.pdf
http://www.cs.sfu.ca/people/ResearchStaff/amulder/personal/vmi/HMTT.add.html
http://www-ihm.lri.fr/~mackay/pdffiles/LaRecherche.English.pdf
http://www.scils.rutgers.edu/~kvander/books/LITTMAN.pdf
1987 GIF format (CompuServe)
1987 Willow (Lucasfilm) popularizes morphing
1987 Max Headroom debuts
1987 LucasArts formed
1987 Reynolds' flocking behavior algorithm (Symbolics)
1987 Rob Cook receives the 1987 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1987 Don Greenberg receives the 1987 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1987 Advanced Computing Center for the Arts and Design (ACCAD) founded at Ohio State
1987 Omnibus closes, eliminating DP and Abel
1987 Cranston/Csuri Productions closes
1987 Marching Cubes algorithm (Lorensen and Cline - GE)
1987 Metrolight Productions, RezN8 Productions, Kleiser/Walczak, DeGraf/Wahrman founded
1988 PICT format (Apple)
1988 Al Barr receives the 1988 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1988 Internet Worm infects servers all over the world
1988 U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for RenderMan
1988 Disney and Pixar develop CAPS (Computer Animation Paint System) (academy technical award in 1992)
1988 PIXAR wins Academy award for Tin Toy
1989 Jaron Lanier, CEO of VPL, coined the term 'virtual reality'.
http://www.streettech.com/bcp/BCPtext/StreetTech/VirtualReality.html
http://www.cyborganic.com/People/jonathan/Academia/Papers/Web/defining-vr1.html
http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/social/papers/chesher.htm
http://www.hku.hk/psycho/project/2/vr_def.html
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/TimLenoir/MilitaryEntertainmentComplex.htm
http://www.humanities.uci.edu/mposter/syllabi/readings/chesher.txt
http://faculty.uscolo.edu/ebersole/336/eim/papers/vrhist.html
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/knowledge_base/onthenet.html
1989 VPL Research and Autodesk introduced commercial head-mounted displays.
http://www.cscs.ch/~amangili/papers/06.virtual.pdf
http://www.cs.vu.nl/~dejavu/caput/97/jelena/
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/publications/papers/m-90-1.html
1989 Robert Stone formed the Virtual Reality & Human Factors Group at the UK's National Advanced Robotics Research Centre.
http://www.nordic-interactive.org/nic2001/conference/bios/stonebio.shtml
1989 Eric Howlett built the LEEPvideo System I HMD.v
1989 VPL Research, Inc. began selling the EyePhone that used LCD displays and LEEP optics.
http://www.fe.org/artists/eyephone.html
http://www.wdv.com/Notebook/EyePhone/
http://www.vpl.ca/board/2002/2002-04-23-minutes.html
1989 AutoDesk, Inc. demonstrated their PC-based VR CAD system, Cyberspace, at SIGGRAPH'89
http://www.itl.nist.gov/iaui/ovrt/people/sressler/mfg/mfgVRpaper.fm.html
http://www.itl.nist.gov/iaui/ovrt/projects/mfg/mfgvr.pdf
http://www.cyber-wizard.co.uk/Suppliers.htm
http://www.cadfx.com/
http://securities.stanford.edu/1016/ADSK00/20010223f17o001285.html
http://www.tourolaw.edu/2ndcircuit/july96/95-7279.html
1989 Robert Stone and Jim Hennequin co-invented the Teletact I Glove.
http://wwwtlc1.murdoch.edu.au/gen/aset/confs/iims/94/qz/stone.html
http://www.sun.ac.za/virtualreality/main.html
http://www.aviation.uiuc.edu/institute/acadProg/epjp/humFacsites/hotlist.html
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/knowledge_base/humanapps.html
http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/computer-science/virtual-reality/virtual-worlds/faq/commercial/Teletact
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/scivw/EVE/I.C.ForceTactile.html
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/scivw/scivw-ftp/commercial/Teletact
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/groups/honors-program/freshsem/19951996/zadoc/systems.html
http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~stephen/workshops/haptic/papers/stone.pdf
1989 Reflection Technologies produced the Private Eye.
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/scivw/scivw-ftp/papers/Pausch.5DollarsADay
1989 John Warnock receives the 1989 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1989 David Evans receives the 1989 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1989 8MM videotape introduced by Sony
1989 ILM creates the Abyss
1989 PIXAR starts marketing RenderMan
1990 J.R. Hennequin and R. Stone, assigned to ARRL, patents for the Teletact tactile feedback glove.
1990 Sense8 Corporation founded by Pat Gelband.
http://www.learningsites.com/GebelBarkal-2/GB-B700v2.htm
http://www.sense8.com/company/index-jobs.html
1990 ARRL ordered Division's first VR system.
http://www.softlab-nsk.com/History.html
http://www.calumet.yorku.ca/sosc3310/L4-OC5-ORIGINS.html
1990 Microsoft ships Windows 3.0
1990 NewTek Video Toaster
1990 First edition of Graphics Gems published by Academic Press (Andrew Glassner, editor)
1990 U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for point sampling
1990 Richard Shoup and Alvy Ray Smith receive the 1990 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1990 3D Studio (AutoDesk)
1990 John Wiley & Sons begins publishing The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation
1991 Division sold their first VR system.
http://www.digitalcentury.com/encyclo/update/vr.html
http://www.sharjah.ac.ae/courseware/computer_science/Ashraf%20Elnagar/0211395/Seminars/9725034.ppt
1991 W Industries sold their first VIRTUALITY system.
http://amiga.emugaming.com/virtuality.html
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/scivw/scivw-ftp/commercial/WIndustries/W.descrip
1991 Richard Holmes, assigned to W Industries, patented a tactile feedback glove.
http://www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim_News/enw31/bergamasco.html
http://www.mindflux.com.au/products/vti/cybertouch.html
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/virtual-worlds/glove-faq/
http://www.cs.nps.navy.mil/people/faculty/capps/4473/projects/smithml/glove.ppt
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/scivw/scivw-ftp/WWW/VR_Resource_Guide.html
http://www.itd.nrl.navy.mil/ONR/realization_report/rosenblum.034.html
1991 World Wide Web (CERN)
1991 Jim Kajiya receives the 1991 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1991 Andy van Dam receives the 1991 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1991 Disney and PIXAR agree to create 3 films, including the first computer animated full-length film Toy Story
1991 ILM produces Terminator 2
1991 Beauty and the Beast (Disney)
1991 Kodak PhotoCD
1991 JPEG/MPEG
1992 T.G. Zimmerman, assigned to VPL Research, patented a glove using optical sensors.
http://www.sharjah.ac.ae/courseware/computer_science/Ashraf%20Elnagar/0211395/Seminars/9725034.ppt
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/context/189365/0
http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/mit/sectionc/schmaref.html
1992 Division demonstrated a multi-user VR system.
http://www.crg.cs.nott.ac.uk/research/publications/papers/VR94.pdf
http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/sdb_bdy.htm
1992 Thomas DeFanti et al. demonstrated the CAVE system at SIGGRAPH.
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/context/6213/0
http://www.muritech.com/visembryo/sigbio93/SIGBIO93.html
http://www.cs.utah.edu/~thompson/vissim-seminar/on-line/CruzNeiraSig93.pdf
http://www.evl.uic.edu/anstey/THING/aw_article.html
http://www.siggraph.org/publications/newsletter/v32n4/contributions/buxton2.html
http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~pierreb/CourseLectures/VRHistory.ppt
http://cave.ncsa.uiuc.edu/about.html
1993 SGI announced the RealityEngine.
http://sgistuff.g-lenerz.de/graphics/reality.html
http://futuretech.mirror.vuurwerk.net/re.html
http://www.sintexindustries.com/Asylum/
1993 Bob Stone and Andy Connell appear on BBC TV's 9 O'Clock News demomnstrating Europe's first CAD-converted VR application (the Rolls-Royce Trent 800 aero engine.
1993 Bob Stone and UK VR Team launch VRS (Virtual Reality & Simulation) - the world's first industry-funded VR initiative.
1992 Disney and Pixar get Academy Technical Achievement Award for CAPS production system
1992 QuickTime introduced (Apple)
1992 Henry Fuchs receives the 1992 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1992 Softimage goes public
1992 Lawnmower Man (Angel Studios)
1992 U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for Non-Affine Image Warping
1992 VIFX uses flock animation with Prism software to create large groups of animals
1992 Tom Brigham and ILM get Academy Technical Achievement Award for morphing technique
1993 disk array and compression codecs allow for nonlinear editing and full motion video
1993 Pixar gets Academy Technical Achievement Award for development of Renderman
1993 Pat Hanrahan receives the 1993 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1993 Ed Catmull receives the 1993 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1993 Jurassic Park - ILM and Steven Spielberg
1993 Wavefront buys TDI
1993 Mosaic browser (NCSA)
1993 Myst released (Cyan) - in 1998, it became the top selling game of all time
1993 Digital Domain founded by James Cameron, Stan Winston, and Scott Ross
1994 InSys and the Manchester Royal Infirmary launched Europe's first VR R&D Centre for Minimally Invasive Therapy.
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/knowledge_base/medvr/medvr.html
http://www.hop.man.ac.uk/HIR%26D/Seminar130599.html
http://www.hop.man.ac.uk/HIR&D/Seminar130599.html#Virtual%20Environments%20in%20Medicine%20-%20An%20overview%20and%20some%20challenges
1994 Proceedings of the 1st UK VR-SIG Conference
http://www.crg.cs.nott.ac.uk/events/ukvrsig-1/
1994 The Virtual Reality Society was formed.
http://www.vrs.org.uk/
http://www1.coe.neu.edu/~mourant/news1.html
http://vered.rose.utoronto.ca/
1994 Sandy Ressler "Open Virtual Reality Testbed"
http://www.itl.nist.gov/iaui/ovrt/people/sressler/veMosaicWERB.pdf
1994 SGI and Nintendo team up for Nintendo 64 product
1994 ILM earns Oscar for special effects for Jurassic Park
1994 Microsoft acquires Softimage
1994 Doom hits game market
1994 Direct Broadcast Satellite service
1994 HDTV standard for transmission adopted in US
1994 U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for creating, manipulating and displaying images
1994 Ken Torrance receives the 1994 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1995 Frank A. Biocca § and J.P. Rolland §§ "Virtual Eyes"
http://www.mindlab.msu.edu/presence/presence.html
1995 Toy Story (Pixar)
1995 DreamWorks founded (Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen)
1995 Pixar gets Academy Award for digital scanning technology
1995 U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for image volume data
1995 John Lasseter of Pixar gets Academy Award for development and application of techniques used in Toy Story
1995 Kurt Akeley (SGI) receives the 1995 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1995 Jose Encarnacao receives the 1995 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1995 Wavefront and Alias merge
1995 Pixar goes public with 6.9M share offering
1995 Sony Playstation introduced
1996 Microsoft include Superscape's VISCAPE as part of their Internet Explorer Starter Kit.
http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1996/Oct96/IESK30PR.asp
1996 The Virtual Reality Society launches its Web site.
http://www.vrs.org.uk/
http://www2.vsl.gifu-u.ac.jp/vrsje/
http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/VETopLevels/VR.History.html
http://www.vruniverse.com/
1996 Internet 2 unveiled
1996 Quake hits game market
1996 Marc Levoy receives the 1996 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1996 Colossal Pictures files Chapter 11 bankruptcy
1996 Windows 95 ships
1997 VIFX joins with Blue Sky
1997 DVD technology unveiled
1997 Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz receives the 1997 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1997 Jim Kajiya of Cal Tech gets Academy Award for development and application of CGI hair and fur
1997 Pixar interactive division dissolved
1998 Titanic becomes the largest grossing motion picture in U.S history
1998 Alias Maya released
1998 Quicktime 3.0 released
1998 Boss Films closes
1998 Riven released
1998 Sun gets back into graphics with the Darwin Ultra series of workstations
1998 MPEG-4 standard announced
1998 SGI and Microsoft form partnership to develop APIs; SGI will develop NT-based PCs
1998 Geri's Game (Pixar) - awarded the Academy Award for Animated Short
1998 Colossal Pictures emerges from Chapter 11 bankruptcy
1998 The SIGGRAPH Conference celebrates its 25th Anniversary in Orlando
1998 Michael Cohen (Microsoft) receives the 1998 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1998 Pixar awarded a Scientific and Technical Academy Award for the development of software that produces images used in motion pictures from 3D computer descriptions of shape and appearance |
| |
ADDITIONAL READINGS IN NO SPECIFIC ORDER AT THIS POINT IN TIME
http://www.accad.ohio-state.edu/~waynec/history/timeline.html#1940
http://www.itd.nrl.navy.mil/ONR/realization_report/rosenblum.toc.html
http://www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/virtual/27/27.pdf
http://www.cs.vu.nl/~lgonggr/VRLinks.html
http://www.utoronto.ca/atrc/rd/library/papers/weiss.html
http://www-vrl.umich.edu/Eng477/
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/knowledge_base/irvr/irvr.html
http://kb.hitl.washington.edu/research.html
http://www.psicologia.net/
http://www.cs.orst.edu/~burnett/vpl.html
http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed386178.html
http://www.helsinki.fi/science/optek/1997/n1/davis.txt
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/kb/meta.html
http://www.sense8.com/gallery/gal_info_cyber.html
http://www.rochester.edu/College/FS/Publications/HeimEssence.html
http://www.informatik.umu.se/~jwworth/6.2.1VRbiblio.html
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/knowledge_base/VRArt/
http://www.npsnet.org/~zyda/courses/1HistoryOfVR.pdf
http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/computer-science/virtual-reality/papers/whatisvr.txt
http://www.psicologia.net/pages/survey.htm
http://www.evl.uic.edu/home.html
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/290271.html
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/knowledge_base/VRArt/
http://www.lrv.ufsc.br/~pinho/links.html |
