Scientific Revolution and Renaissance and Enlightenment
1) One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both
1) had the support of the Roman Catholic Church	2) placed great value on traditional beliefs
3) emphasized the value of human reasoning		4) contributed to the end of feudalism

2) The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the economic growth of Italian city-states in the 1400s, and the development of humanism were aspects of the
1) Age of Revolutions		2) Protestant Reformation	3) spread of Islam	4) European Renaissance

3) The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by
1) unquestioned reliance on the teachings of Aristotle		2) an advance of Muslim culture
3) Christian unity throughout the region			4) great intellectual and artistic creativity

4) In his book The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli advises that a wise ruler is one who
1) keeps taxes and food prices low		2) encourages education and the arts
3) allows advisors to speak their minds	4) does what is necessary to stay in power

5) A major reason that the Renaissance began in Italy was that
1) Italian city-states had grown wealthy from trade between Europe and Asia
2) farmers produced great agricultural surpluses on vast plains
3) merchants supported the Green Revolution
4) many European scholars had migrated to this area

6) One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar is that they
1) encouraged the spread of new ideas	2) strengthened traditional institutions
3) led to the Protestant Reformation		4) rejected Renaissance individualism

7) The heliocentric model, the development of inductive reasoning, and the work of Descartes are all associated with which revolution?
1) Neolithic 		2) Green	3) Agricultural 	4) Scientific

8) What is meant by Machiavelli’s belief that “the end justifies the means”?
1) Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for the state.	
2) The general public always acts in its own best interest.
3) Pleasing all of the people at any given time is possible.
4) Leaders must always act for the common good.

9) Venice in Europe, Mogadishu in Africa, and Canton in China emerged during the 13th century primarily as important centers of
1) agriculture 		2) manufacturing	3) trade 	4) mining

10) Which factor contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance in Italian cities?
1) occupation by foreign powers		2) interaction with Latin America
3) surplus of porcelain from Japan		4) access to important trade routes

11) 18 • Leonardo DaVinci used movement and perspective in his work.
• Machiavelli’s The Prince advised rulers on how to gain and maintain power.
• Humanist scholars examined worldly subjects and classical culture.
Which period is associated with these statements?
(1) Scientific Revolution	2) Early Middle Ages		3) Renaissance 	4) Enlightenment

12) Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers?
(1) People should study worldly subjects as well as sacred matters.
(2) Governments should establish overseas empires.
(3) Individuals should withdraw from the world and study religion.
(4) Scholars should dedicate themselves to the study of life after death.

13) Which statement concerning the Renaissance in Europe is based on opinion rather than on fact?
1 Literature began to appear in languages other than Latin.
2 The art of the Northern Renaissance was superior to that of the Italian Renaissance.
3 Art reflected the ideas of humanism and individualism.
4 Art produced during the Renaissance had religious as well as secular themes.

14) Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes?
1 The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened.
2 The scientific method was used to solve problems
3 Funding to education was increased by the English government.
4 Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed.

15) A major concept promoted by philosophers of the Enlightenment was the need for
1 a return to traditional medieval ideas
2 the use of reason for rational and logical thinking
3 overseas expansion by western European nations
4 strengthening the power of the organized religions

16) “. . . and in the actions of men, and especially of princes, . . . the end justifies the means.”
Which philosopher most likely wrote this statement?
1 Baron de Montesquieu		2 Niccolò Machiavelli
3 Voltaire				4 John Locke

17) Which statement explains why the Renaissance began in Italy?
1) Italy was not influenced by a classical heritage.
2) The Italian city-states were wealthy centers of trade and manufacturing.
3) Italy was politically unified by a strong central government.
4) The Catholic Church did not have any influence in Italy.

18) “The rule of law is more powerful than the rule of the tyrant.” — Simón Bolívar
“Whoever has the . . . supreme power . . . is bound to govern by established standing laws.”— John Locke
What is the main idea expressed in these quotations?
1) Rulers should govern with unlimited power.		2) All governments must be democratic.
3) Rulers must be subject to the law.			4) Governments should be based on the laws of God.

19) These ideas were first expressed during which period of European history?
1) Pax Romana 	2) Middle Ages	3) Enlightenment 	4) Renaissance

20) “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. . . .”
This statement best expresses the philosophy of
1) Adam Smith 	2) Thomas Hobbes	3) Karl Marx 	4) John Locke

21) The statement best represents the values of
1) the Enlightenment 	2) feudalism	3) Social Darwinism 	4) communism

22) One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by the writers of ancient Greece was that the Renaissance writers
1) stressed the power of human reason		2) promoted the religious doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church
3) showed little interest in secular affairs	4) produced few new scientific ideas

23)  “. . . and in the actions of men, and especially of princes, . . . the end justifies the means.”
Which philosopher most likely wrote this statement?
1) Baron de Montesquieu	2) Niccolò Machiavelli		3) Voltaire		4) John Locke

24) According to John Locke, the chief role of government was to
1) protect natural rights		2) fight territorial wars
3) ensure the wealth of citizens		4) redistribute land

25) . . . The Laws ought to be so framed, as to secure the Safety of every Citizen as much as possible. . . . The Equality of the Citizens consists in this; that they should all be subject to the same Laws. . . . — Documents of Catherine the Great,
These ideas of Catherine the Great of Russia originated during the
1) Age of Exploration		2) Age of Enlightenment	3) Protestant Reformation	4) French Revolution

26) • Leonardo DaVinci used movement and perspective in his work.
• Machiavelli’s The Prince advised rulers on how to gain and maintain power.
• Humanist scholars examined worldly subjects and classical culture.
Which period is associated with these statements?
1) French Revolution 		2) Early Middle Ages	3) Renaissance 	4) Enlightenment

27) Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, Rousseau’s The Social Contract, and Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws were works written during which time period?
1) Middle Ages 	2) Enlightenment	3) Renaissance 	4) Reformation

28) Which factor contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance in Italian cities?
1) occupation by foreign powers		2) interaction with Latin America
3) surplus of porcelain from Japan		4) access to important trade routes

29) Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler are all directly associated with the
1) Industrial Revolution	2) Scientific Revolution	3) English Revolution	4) Agricultural Revolution

30) The Enlightenment and the American Revolution were both major influences on 19th-century uprisings in
1) Latin America 	2) Vietnam	3) the Middle East 	4) Japan

31) Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that society could best be improved by
1) relying on faith and divine right			2) borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome
3) applying reason and the laws of nature		4) studying the practices of successful leaders