Chronology of Cambodian History
Conversation
between ZHOU ENLAI AND PHAM HUNG1
Beijing, 19 June 1968
Zhou Enlai: I would like to mention that I do not know how the Khmer
Communists solve the class contradictions between them and the reactionary
forces in Cambodia. The Khmer Communist
Party conducted an armed struggle in the area bordering with Vietnam. The
Khmer government oppresses them and also does not want the supply line of
rice to the Vietnamese revolutionary forces to go via Cambodia. Thus, the Vietnamese comrades have to face
difficulties.
It is said that weapons that China sent to Vietnamese comrades once fell into
the hands of Khmer Communists and Sihanouk was not happy with that. Did it
really happen, or did Khmer Communists seize Chinese weapons that the Khmer
government's armed forces already possessed?
Have you met Khmer Communists when you were traveling via Cambodia? Comrade
Son Ngoc Minh does not have any contacts with his comrades inside Cambodia,
does he? We do not want the Chinese Embassy in Cambodia to have any relations
with the Khmer Communist Party because the problem will be too complicated.
Recently, our embassy in Cambodia reported that the Khmer Communist Party
complained that Vietnamese comrades did not supply them with weapons when the
opportunity had been ripe for an armed struggle. It will be good if the
opportunity arrives. But if it does not and an armed struggle starts anyhow,
it will not be good.
We have told Comrade Pham Van Dong and later President Ho that we did not have
direct relations with the Khmer comrades. It will be easier if Vietnamese
comrades can directly exchange opinions with them. Comrade Pham Van Dong said
that we should not interfere in the internal affairs of the Khmer Communist
Party. However, I hear them complain that Vietnamese comrades have a
chauvinist attitude, do not want to help, to discuss with them, or give them
weapons. This matter is very complicated. Even when you have weapons, it is
still difficult to give them. Is it because of Vietnamese cadres at the lower
levels? Do they have improper attitudes in dealing with Khmer comrades, thus
causing misunderstandings? Maybe you should educate Vietnamese troops passing
through Cambodia to be more attentive to the question of relations with the
Khmer Communist Party.
Of course not all your troops are involved in these contacts. But you should
let officers in charge of political affairs at some levels know about this
issue and ask them to show attitudes of equality, [and] to clearly explain
the policy of the Vietnamese Party. You should make them understand the
overall context, be aware of the greater task of defeating the US. Defeating
the US will create favorable conditions for the Cambodian revolution. In short,
you should make them understand the international approach and understand
that one cannot fight many enemies at the same time.
I propose that you report this to President Ho and the Central Committee and
ask for permission to inform certain officers in charge of political affairs
of this issue in order to avoid trouble. We have to face a situation where Cambodians may ask for weapons
when Vietnamese troops are marching through Cambodia. Will you give them
weapons? If you do, Sihanouk will be displeased. If you do not, what will the
revolutionary people in Cambodia think?
The problem is very complicated. The Cambodian comrades wish to develop
the armed struggle. Sihanouk will oppress them, and you can no longer go
through Cambodia. And if Sihanouk oppresses the Cambodian Communists, China can no
longer provide Cambodia with weapons.
If the whole of Indochina joins the efforts to drive the US out of Vietnam,
then the Laotian and Cambodian revolutions will be successful, although not as
fast as expected. As our cadres in the [Chinese] Embassy in Cambodia are of low rank, we do not want them to contact
the Cambodian Communists. So I propose that you should consider the situation
and if it is suitable, you should invite Cambodian comrades to Tay Ninh or
Tay Nguyen [in the Central highlands] to discuss how to join efforts to fight
the Americans first and then fight the reactionary forces in Cambodia. You should also see whether this will be more
beneficial or it will be better if each party conducts the struggle in its
own way.
I heard from Comrade Pham Van Dong that the present General Secretary of the
Khmer Communist Party graduated from France and used to travel to Hanoi.
Notes:
1. The Vietnamese delegation included Pham Hung, Ba Long, Ngo Minh Loan, and
Tran Van Quang. Pham Hung (1912-88), member of the VWP politburo from 1957,
from 1967 directed the war in the South as secretary of the Central Office
for South Vietnam (COSVN) and as political commissar of the People's
Liberation Armed Forces (PLAF). Deputy Premier from 1976 and Prime Minister
of SRV from June 1987 until his death in 1988. Ba Long (alias Le Trong Tan,
Le Trong To) received military training in China and the Soviet Union and
served as a PAVN divisional commander during the First Indochina War.
Director of the Army War College 1954-60, Deputy Chief of Staff 1961-62. Went
south to serve as PLAF Deputy Commander 1964-69, and took up several
essential posts during the campaigns in South and Central Vietnam and Laos
1970-75, most notably as Deputy Commander of the Ho Chi Minh Campaign in April
1975. Ba Long succeeded Van Tien Dung as PAVN Chief of Staff when the latter
became minister 1978-80. Tran Van Quang (alias Tran Thuc Kinh; 1917- ),
veteran of the 1945 revolution in north central Vietnam, member of the VWP CC
1960-76. Deputy Chief of the PAVN General Staff 1959-61, and played a crucial
role in the COSVN during the first half of the 1960s. Later held important
commands in central Vietnam while also serving as a member of the Central
Military Committee in Hanoi. Again Deputy Chief of the General Staff 1974-77,
and commanded the Vietnamese forces in Laos 1978-81. In 1992 elected
President of the Vietnam War Veterans' Association.
________________________
Source:
Cold War International History Project
Woodrow
Wilson International Center for Scholars
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